A Spatial Analysis to Permanent Income as Deterrent of Homicides: the case of Medellin City

This paper studies the relationship between permanent income and homicides, estimating an income-crime elasticity. We assume that this elasticity varies across geographical areas. We estimate different specifications of Spatial Panel Models using information of urban areas in Medellin (Colombia), areas known as communes. Spatial Models consider the importance of location and the type of neighbors of each commune. We simulate an intervention over permanent income in order to estimate the income elasticity for each commune and the average elasticity of income-crime on the city. We provide evidence about spatial dependence between the homicides per commune and their neighbors, and about a relationship between homicides and neighbor’s income. In our case of study, the average estimated impact of 1% increase in permanent income in a specific commune produces a decrease in the homicide rate on average in 0.39%. Finally, permanent income plays a crime deterrent role, but also this effect of income on crime varies across the city, showing that some areas are strategically located to this kind of intervention.

Molecular characterization of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 subtypes in a group of infected individuals diagnosed in Portugal and Spain

Over the past decade, Portugal and Spain received large numbers of immigrants from HTLV-1 endemic areas. Our aim was to investigate the diversity of subtypes circulating in these two countries and the introduction of new variants. We performed a molecular analysis of HTLV-1 strains in patients diagnosed since 1998. LTR and env proviral sequences from 26 individuals were analyzed to generate phylogenetic trees along with reference HTLV-1 subtypes from several geographic origins. Epidemiological and clinical data were recorded. Most subjects were immigrants (57.7%) from South America and Africa. All isolates belonged to the cosmopolitan A subtype. Most carried the transcontinental subgroup A, but five subjects carried subgroup D and one carried subgroup C, previously unreported in Europe. HTLV strains showed separate clusters linked to the patients' geographic origin. Although subjects with HTLV-1 infection tend not to be engaged in high-risk practices, silent dissemination of a broad diversity of HTLV-1 viruses may still occur.

Fórmula CUN-BAE y factores bioquímicos como marcadores predictivos de obesidad y enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes pre y post gastrectomía vertical

Introducción: El Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) es uno de los parámetros más utilizados en cirugía bariátrica. Sin embargo, no discrimina el peso asociado a adiposidad. La fórmula CUN-BAE es una ecuación que permite calcular el Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal (PGC) o adiposidad, basándose en valores fáciles de disponer (edad, sexo e IMC). Con esta nueva clasificación muchos de los sujetos considerados con normopeso o sobrepeso (IMC ≤ 30 kg/m²) en realidad tienen un PGC alto y presentan comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar PGC cuantificado mediante fórmula CUN-BAE como marcador predictivo de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes obesos mórbidos, antes y después de ser sometidos a Gastrectomía Vertical (GV). Material y métodos: Realizamos un estudio observacional retrospectivo de mujeres intervenidas de GV entre 2007 y 2012 en el Hospital General Universitario de Elche, calculando el PGC mediante la fórmula CUN-BAE de forma preoperatoria y 12 meses tras la intervención. Se correlacionaron estos valores con diferentes parámetros metabólicos y de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: Se estudiaron 50 mujeres. Preoperatoriamente, el IMC medio de 50,4 ± 7,4 kg/m² y PGC del 54,8 ± 3%. Al año de la intervención, el IMC medio era de 27,7 ± 2,6 y el PGC 39,4 ± 3,7%. La PGC se correlacionó significativamente con 3 factores bioquímicos asociados con mayor riesgo cardiovascular (cortisol, vitamina D y cociente TG/HDL). Conclusión: la adiposidad, según la fórmula CUN-BAE, y el análisis de factores bioquímicos predictivos de obesidad, de forma conjunta suponen herramientas útiles para valorar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, después de GV.

Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status and growth in very low birth-weight premature infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit

Background: Anthropometric indicators are difficult to interpret in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants, including both appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Therefore, the purpose was to describe the anthropometric indicators of growth and nutritional status in VLBW premature infants AGA and SGA, hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study design: The descriptive and prospective study design included 114 preterm infants, adequate for gestational age/small for gestational age hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Head, thigh, mid upper arm circumference, skin-fold measurements and weight/age, length/ age, and weight/length indices were obtained. Correlations were made among the anthropometric indices, and a multivariate regression analysis with weight/age as dependent variable was performed. Results: Weight/age in AGA premature infants had high number of significant anthropometric correlations. The SGA premature infants had few and weak correlations. The regression analysis showed that anthropometric indices better explain changes in the weight/age index in adequate for gestational age premature infants. Conclusion: Weight/age in the VLBW/AGA premature infants could reflect growth, nutritional status and energy stored as fat, but in the VLBW/SGA premature infants, thigh circumference and mid arm circumference would be better indicators just of nutritional status.

Comparación de perfiles motivacionales y ciclos de vida laboral

Comparación de perfiles motivacionales y ciclos de vida laboral es una investigación de carácter longitudinal, que explora las características motivacionales de un grupo de profesionales en dos etapas de su ciclo laboral. Para efectos del estudio se aplicó el cuestionario de motivación para el trabajo de Fernando Toro y Hernán Cabrera, con medida pre y pos. La investigación muestra las variaciones del perfil motivacional identificando los principales motivadores, condiciones motivacionales internas y externas, los medios preferidos para obtener retribución en el trabajo y las variaciones del perfil motivacional según la existencia o no del plan de carrera empresarial o en negocio familiar.

Small-scale fishing in Central American indigenous people: governance, tenure and sustainable management of marine resources

This research develops four case studies on small-scale fisheries in Central America located within indigenous territories. The ngöbe Bugle Conte Burica Territory in the south of Costa Rica, the Garífuna territory in nueva Armenia Honduras, the Rama territory in Nicaragua and the ngöbe Bugle territory in Bocas del Toro, Panamá. This is one of the first studies focusing on indigenous territories, artisanal fisheries and SSF guidelines. The cases are a first approach to discussing and analyzing relevant social and human rights issues related to conservation of marine resources and fisheries management in these territories. The cases discussed between other issues of interest, the relationships between marine protected areas under different governance models and issues related to the strengthening of the small-scale fisheries of these indigenous populations and marine fishing territories. They highlight sustainability, governance, land tenure and access to fishing resources, gender, traditional knowledge importance and new challenges as climate change.

Consideraciones sobre la percepción de la corrupción y la competitividad

Bogotá (Colombia) : Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables. Programa de Contaduría Pública

Learning Sustainability with EPS@ISEP – Development of an Insectarium

8th International Symposium on Project Approaches in Engineering Education (PAEE)

Juegos de rol para mejorar la producción y comprensión oral en estudiantes de francés II de utopía, Nivel A1

Tesis (Licenciado en Lenguas Castellana, Inglés y Francés).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación. Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, 2014

Natural fibers based composites - Technical and social issues

Brazil is the only country in South America to have an automotive supplier sector based on natural fibers. New opportunities are arising due to an increase demand by the car makers in applying natural fibers in their parts. Several crop fibers have been developed in Brazil. Among them can be listed caroa, piacava, pupunha, mutum and others of regional application. For the automotive industry, which requires large quantities with uniform quality, the alternatives are sisal (170,000 ton/yr), curaua (150 ton/yr in 2003), malva, 200 ton/yr; Brazil is the single largest producer country of sisal, and commercially, the only one in curaua. For South America, the alternatives are fique in Colombia, abaca in equator, flax in Argentina and curaua in Venezuela. It must be understood by the target countries of drugs, is that crop fiber can be an economic alternative to coca in the Andes region, therefore an instrument of land reform and drug reduction plantations. Several companies have a strong program of apply natural fibers based components in their products: Volkswagen do Brazil, DaimlerChrysler, General Motors do Brazil. Among their suppliers can be listed companies such Pematec (curaua), Toro (sisal, coir and jute), Incomer (sisal and jute), Ober (jute, curaua), Indaru (jute and sisal), Antolin (imported kenaf,) Tapetes Sao Carlos (sisal), Poematec (coir) and Art-Gore, with Woodstock'' wood and natural fibers). Figures about production and demand are discussed in the paper.

Fundamentos de derecho - para no abogados -

Este texto nace por la necesidad de dotar a estudiantes de pregrados universitarios no relacionados con derecho, de una herramienta útil y a su alcance para acercarse al mundo jurídico sin los traumatismos propios en la utilización de un lenguaje técnico e inaccesible, lo que no obsta para que también sea utilizado por profesionales de distintos ámbitos con el mismo fin. Así las cosas, en el presente texto se hace un recuento de lo que para los autores constituyen los temas prácticos que debe conocer el público al que está dirigido, con lo que se da cuenta de temáticas sobre teoría jurídica, derecho constitucional y teoría del Estado, además de una amplia variedad de cuestiones relativas al campo civil, mercantil, familia y sucesoral; para esto se recurre a un lenguaje que pueden manejar quienes no pasan su vida inmersos en el derecho, sin ahondar demasiado en problemáticas teóricas que ocupan en su mayor parte a abogados y filósofos.

Avances de la Investigación en Ingeniería

El texto está conformado por 31 capítulos, agrupados en 5 grandes áreas temáticas. En la primera parte se encuentran los trabajos relacionados con el tema de los Recursos Hidráulicos; en la segunda parte se tratan temas relacionados con la Planificación y Gestión del Territorio; la tercera parte está relacionada con el Manejo Integral de los Recursos Agua, Aire y Suelo; la cuarta parte incluye la Investigación Aplicada a la Ingeniería de Sistemas, y la última parte comprende la Investigación Aplicada a la Ingeniería Civil.