Modelling the Mechanical Behavior of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to analyze the mechanical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites with varying nanofiber network parameters. The study was focused on nanofiber aspect ratio, concentration and initial orientation. The reinforcing phase affects the behavior of the polymeric nanocomposite. Simulations have shown that the fiber concentration has a significant effect on the properties, with higher loadings resulting in higher stress levels and higher stiffness, matching the general behavior from experimental knowledge in this field. The results also indicate that, within the studied range, the observed effect of the aspect ratio and initial orientation is smaller than that of the concentration, and that these two parameters are interrelated.

REENGINEERING THE CONCEPT OF URBAN CARS: A CASE STUDY

Based on a previously developed mathematical model for fuel consumption of a modular car, here we discuss the cross impacts of engineering scenarios vs. flexibility in use for modular vehicle architectures to achieve the reduction of CO2 emissions targeted by the European Union, in 2009. A systems perspective is adopted in conceptualizing a modular architecture of vehicles. From a theoretical viewpoint, we found modular architecture of vehicles a potential design strategy to minimize fuel inefficiencies and, thus, a strategy for design for environment.

A Avaliação do Desempenho de Fundos de Investimento: Modelos Condicionais vs. Modelos não Condicionais

A eficácia das medidas tradicionais de avaliação do desempenho de fundos de investimento tem sido amplamente posta em causa na literatura, sendo-lhes apontadas importantes limitações de ordem conceptual e econométrica. Uma dessas limitações reside no facto de as mesmas pressuporem a existência de uma medida de risco constante ao longo do período de avaliação. Na tentativa de fazer face a esta limitação e considerando que tanto o risco como as rendibilidades esperadas variam ao longo do tempo, um dos mais recentes desenvolvimentos nesta área está relacionado com a utilização de modelos condicionais, que avaliam os gestores das carteiras levando em consideração a informação pública disponível no momento em que as rendibilidades foram geradas. Neste contexto, depois de feita uma revisão da literatura, leva-se a cabo uma análise empírica, com base numa amostra de fundos pertencentes ao mercado português que investem quer no mercado nacional quer no mercado europeu, com o intuito de se estimarem e compararem as medidas de avaliação tradicionais com as suas versões condicionais, de modo a aferir das potenciais vantagens desta nova abordagem. Para além de utilizar quer modelos parcialmente condicionais quer modelos totalmente condicionais, este estudo empírico utiliza variáveis de informação europeias, em vez das mais usuais variáveis locais, e leva em consideração a utilização de variáveis condicionais detrended, um procedimento que pretende evitar o surgimento de regressões “falsas”. Um outro ponto que é objecto de análise é a avaliação do impacto do enviesamento provocado pela utilização de amostras que contenham apenas fundos que sobreviveram a todo o período da pesquisa (survivorship bias), um problema que afecta a grande maioria dos estudos empíricos. Os resultados da análise efectuada sugerem que os gestores dos fundos não são capazes de “bater” o mercado, evidenciando desempenhos negativos ou neutros. Para além disso, observa-se um distance effect, pois os gestores que investem no mercado local obtêm desempenhos superiores aos que investem no mercado europeu. A introdução da condicionalidade nos modelos fez com que tanto o desempenho dos fundos como o poder explicativo dos modelos melhorasse ligeiramente. Para além disso, há evidência de betas (mas não de alfas) variáveis ao longo do tempo em função das variáveis de informação. Contudo, a significância destas variáveis parece estar relacionada com a existência de regressões “falsas”. No que respeita ao survivorship bias, este tem um impacto pequeno nas estimativas do desempenho.

Measuring fund performance using multi-factor models: evidence for the Portuguese market

This paper examines the performance of Portuguese equity funds investing in the domestic and in the European Union market, using several unconditional and conditional multi-factor models. In terms of overall performance, we find that National funds are neutral performers, while European Union funds under-perform the market significantly. These results do not seem to be a consequence of management fees. Overall, our findings are supportive of the robustness of conditional multi-factor models. In fact, Portuguese equity funds seem to be relatively more exposed to smallcaps and more value-oriented. Also, they present strong evidence of time-varying betas and, in the case of the European Union funds, of time-varying alphas too. Finally, in terms of market timing, our tests suggest that mutual fund managers in our sample do not exhibit any market timing abilities. Nevertheless, we find some evidence of timevarying conditional market timing abilities but only at the individual fund level.

Do desenho tradicional ao desenho Digitalum: caso de estudo “Wreck this Journal” vs “Wreck this App”

Tendo como ponto de partida um caso de estudo que compara dois livros de actividades (um livro tradicional no suporte físico, “Wreck this Journal”, adaptado para um livro digital, “Wreck this App”) da autora Keri Smith, propomo-nos analisar fundamentalmente as possibilidades do desenho de representação em ambos os suportes. Abordaremos ainda outros temas paralelos segundo parâmetros previamente definidos, que irão permitir comparar e analisar as propriedades de cada objecto, enquanto potencial espaço de representação. Este trabalho procura, assim, demonstrar de que forma estes dois suportes se complementam, livro impresso e livro digital, e de que forma podemos beneficiar com a introdução de novas técnicas e da possível transferência de conhecimentos adquiridos num objecto de estudo para o outro. Independentemente de permitirem diferentes experiências de interacção e de registo, torna-se relevante a forma com que estimulam a criatividade e a procura de novas formas de representação.

A contribution to a virtual enterprise taxonomy

This paper presents a taxonomy able to contribute to building a framework within the domain of Virtual Enterprises (VE). A VE taxonomy currently does not exist, and this lack is felt in the ambiguous way that some concepts are addressed, leading to a fragment understanding that hinders the development of the science of VE integration and management. The structure of the taxonomy developed is based on the view of the system as a 5-tuple consisting of Input, Control, Output, Mechanism, and Process, which is the underlying system-view in the well-know IDEF0 diagramming technique. In particular, this taxonomy addresses the VE extended lifecycle that implies the use of a meta-organization called Market of Resources, as an original contribution to the VE theory and practice. The taxonomy presented is constructed in a way to be easily complemented with other VE partial taxonomies that may be found in literature.

PHB-PEO electrospun fiber membranes containing chlorhexidine for drug delivery applications

Fiber meshes of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(hydroxybutyrate)/ poly(ethylene oxide) (PHB/PEO) with different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) were prepared by electrospinning, for assessment as a polymer based drug delivery system. The electrospun fibers were characterized at morphological, molecular and mechanical levels. The bactericidal potential of PHB and PHB/PEO electrospun fibers with and without CHX was investigated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by disk diffusion susceptibility tests. Electrospun fibers containing CHX exhibited bactericidal activity. PHB/PEO-1%CHX displayed higher CHX release levels and equivalent antibacterial activity when compared to PHB/PEO with 5 and 10 wt% CHX. Bactericidal performance of samples with 1 wt% CHX was assessed by Colony Forming Units (CFU), where a reduction of 100 % and 99.69 % against E. coli and S. aureus were achieved, respectively.

Effect of fiber orientation in gelled poly (vinylience fluoride) electrospun membranes for Li-ion battery applications

Battery separators based on electrospun membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been prepared in order to study the effect of fiber alignment on the performance and characteristics of the membrane. The prepared membranes show an average fiber diameter of ~272 nm and a degree of porosity of ~87 %. The gel polymer electrolytes are prepared by soaking the membranes in the electrolyte solution. The alignment of the fibers improves the mechanical properties for the electrospun membranes. Further, the microstructure of the membrane also plays an important role in the ionic conductivity, being higher for the random electrospun membrane due to the lower tortuosity value. Independently of the microstructure, both membranes show good electrochemical stability up to 5.0 V versus Li/Li+. These results show that electrospun membranes based on PVDF are appropriate for battery separators in lithium-ion battery applications, the random membranes showing a better overall performance.

Effect of neutralization and cross-linking on the thermal degradation of chitosan electrospun membranes

Thermal degradation of as electrospun chitosan membranes and samples subsequently treated with ethanol and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) have been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with an infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The influence of the electrospinning process and cross-linking in the electrospun chitosan thermal stability was evaluated. Up to three degradation steps were observed in the TG data, corresponding to water dehydration reaction at temperatures below 100 ºC, loss of side groups formed between the amine groups of chitosan and trifluoroacetic acid between 150 – 270 ºC and chitosan thermal degradation that starts around 250 ºC and goes up to 400 ºC. The Kissinger model was employed to evaluate the activation energies of the electrospun membranes during isothermal experiments and revealed that thermal degradation activation energy increases for the samples processed by electrospinning and subsequent neutralization and cross-linking treatments with respect to the neat chitosan powder.

Information technology supporting healthcare and social care services

The authors are developing a pilot project for a Municipality in the North of Portugal, envisaging the definition and implementation of an e-marketplace for healthcare and social services, in order to facilitate the interaction between healthcare and social services professionals and people with special needs (or their relatives). Based on the results of a survey on user needs analysis and expectations conducted in 2011, the paper discusses the relevance and interest of such platforms and the main drivers and motivations of the population for using such services, as well as which services would motivate citizens to use the platform. The results of the study will be used to select the products and services perceived to be the most desired by the potential users. The paper thus makes three main contributions: (1) the results of the study confirm the interest and the perceived potential of such a service, from the end-users perspective; (2) the findings support the advantage of expanding this pilot project to a full scale implementation; and (3) the performed analysis improves our understanding of the relations between the characteristics of the inquired population and the perceived interest in such platforms.

The impact of the digital divide on the perceived interest of an e-Marketplace to support healthcare and social care services

In a Europe increasingly aging, it is now recognized the importance and potential of the service industry for ageing well based on information and communication technologies (ICT), as exemplified by the electronic market of social services and health care, the GuiMarket, proposed by the authors. However, this new range of services requires that individuals have advanced digital skills to fully participate in society. Based on the results of a survey made on a sample of 315 individuals, this paper discusses the importance granted GuiMarket and the intended frequency of use, concluding there is a close relationship between ICT access and use that respondents anticipate making of GuiMarket and alike services.

Performance of european socially responsible funds during market crises: evidence from France

This paper investigates the performance, investment styles andmanagerial abilities of French socially responsible investment (SRI) funds investing in Europe during crisis and non-crisis periods. Our results show that SRI funds significantly underperformcharacteristics-matched conventional funds during non-crisis periods, but match the performance of their peers duringmarket downturns. The underperformance of SRI funds during good economic states is driven by funds that use negative screens, since funds that use only positive screens performsimilarly to conventional funds across differentmarket conditions. SRI and conventional funds showsignificant differences in risk exposures during non-crisis periods but exhibit much more similar investment styles during crises. Furthermore,we find little evidence of significant differences inmanagerial abilities during bad economic states. Yet, during non-crisis periods, SRI and conventional fund managers exhibit significantly different style-timing abilities and these differences are also related to screening strategies.

Prevenção do Terrorismo versus Neoliberalismo

Ora, a prevenção do terrorismo, é o contrário de tudo isto, com um Estado cada vez maior a intervir em todo o lado, vigiando tudo e todos, aumentando os orçamentos na segurança e paz públicas, em milhares de milhões. Analisando os capitais branqueados e quem vai às privatizações para evitar o próximo atentado terrorista. Imaginem se o Estado Islâmico compra a TAP! § Now, the prevention of terrorism, is the opposite of all this, with a state increasingly to intervene everywhere, watching everything and everyone, increasing the budgets in public security and peace, in billions. Analyzing the laundered money and who is going to privatizations to prevent the next terrorist attack. Imagine if the Islamic state buys TAP!