Live Work: The Impact of Direct Encounters in Statutory Child and Family Social Wor

The aim of this research project was to examine the impact of direct work on practitioners in the field of statutory child protection. The author’s premise was that this work was anything but straightforward and that surprisingly, given the intense scrutiny on Children’s Services following a child death, there was little research into the day-to-day practice of front line staff. The aim was to explore whether psychoanalytic theory could be useful in understanding and making sense of the social work task. Data was collected through observation and semi-structured interviews in one Local Authority Child in Need team over a period of six months. The findings indicated that practitioners experienced direct work with some individuals and families as profoundly disturbing and that this affected them physiologically as well as psychologically. These effects persisted over time and appeared very difficult for the workers to process or articulate. This could be expressed through embodied or non-verbal communication in the interview. Practitioners appeared to be ‘inhabited’ by particular clients, suggesting phenomena such as projective identification were in operation. The intensity and persistence of the impact on the practitioners appears to be directly related to the quality, nature and intensity of the psychic defences functioning for the particular client. Significantly, the research indicated that when practitioners were dealing with the negative and disturbing projections from the (adult) clients it seemed from the data that the focus on the child would slip so that the child appeared to recede from view. Symptoms experienced by the practitioners were akin to trauma and research and theory on primary and secondary trauma were considered. Other issues raised included shame, which affects the clients, practitioners and the organisation and the meaning and implications of this are explored. Links between neuroscience and projective identification are addressed as well as the role of the organisation, particularly as a container for these toxic and disturbing encounters.

Tecnologia social para autogestão : um estudo em empreendedorismo econômico solidário da cadeia produtiva da cajucultura no Rio Grande do Norte

The theme of this dissertation is social technology for self-management: a study in economic enterprise supportive of Rio Grande do Norte. The research aimed to obtain evidence that the reapplication of technology management, basic economic-financial and pricing, as production costs, has the potential to contribute to the self-management of APABV. The social technology and self-management are theoretical frameworks used and where workers are central figures in both the generation and replication of technologies that are compatible with their realities, as in the conduct and management approach adopted by them in their venture, they are makers decisions. To achieve the proposed objective was accomplished participatory research, which was used in addition to document analysis, participatory methodologies such as the construction of the DRP, group interview, experience in the production environment and family of entrepreneurs APABV. This research allowed the management technologies such as spreadsheets controls basic economic and financial costs, when socialized and understood by workers has the potential informational and become part of their daily decision-making process of the project, making up social technology

Progresividad del impuesto de renta en las pyme en el marco del estado social de derecho colombiano

La constitución política en su artículo primero ha establecido el modelo político en el cual se enmarca el Estado Colombiano, precepto que por su prevalencia normativa, se convierte en fundamento de todo actuar y que se expresa así: Colombia es un Estado social de derecho, organizado en forma de República unitaria, descentralizada, con autonomía de sus entidades territoriales, democrática, participativa y pluralista, fundada en el respeto de la dignidad humana, en el trabajo y la solidaridad de las personas que la integran y en la prevalencia del interés general. La introducción de este nuevo modelo político implica un cambio radical en la forma de concebir el Estado, ante la pérdida sacramental del texto legal entendido como emanación de la voluntad popular y la mayor preocupación por la justicia material y por el logro de soluciones que consulten la especificidad de los hechos (M.P. BARÓN, Ciro., 1992), situación que conviene un cambio de pensamiento en la elaboración de las normas y que a partir, de 1991 debe consultar su impacto en la solución de los problemas que aquejan la sociedad. Consecuente con lo anterior, el sistema tributario, no puede ser ajeno a los postulados incluidos en el artículo primero de la constitución política atrás citado, y en tal sentido la Asamblea Constituyente, aunque en su momento no acogió las recomendaciones dadas por el Instituto Colombiano de Derecho Tributario, en el sentido de incluir un artículo que dijera que los tributos debían fundarse en la capacidad económica del sujeto pasivo, si consagró en su artículo 363 que el sistema tributario debía fundarse en los principios de equidad y progresividad, entre otros (BRAVO, 1997). Es aquí donde se centra el presente proyecto de investigación, que busca indagar por el principio de progresividad, que por efecto metodológicos se limitara a las pyme, específicamente en la pequeña empresa, aquella con planta de personal entre once (11) y cincuenta (50) trabajadores y activo total entre quinientos un (501) y menos de cinco mil un (5.001) salarios mínimos legales mensuales vigentes. Estas personas jurídicas, se ven abocadas a una fuerte carga impositiva directa, en el cual el impuesto de renta recobra relevancia, haciéndose necesario analizar su impacto a las luces de la nueva reforma, a efecto de vislumbrar la efectiva materialización del principio de progresividad o por si el contrario los recientes cambios normativos han contradicho el mandato impuesto en la Constitución política en cuanto al respeto que debe contener toda norma en materia tributaria, en cuanto al principio objeto de estudio.

Essays on the Effects of Social Insurance for Disability

This dissertation examines how social insurance, family support and work capacity enhance individuals' economic well-being following significant health and income shocks. I first examine the extent to which the liquidity-enhancing effects of Worker's Compensation (WC) benefits outweigh the moral hazard costs. Analyzing administrative data from Oregon, I estimate a hazard model exploiting variation in the timing and size of a retroactive lump-sum WC payment to decompose the elasticity of claim duration with respect to benefits into the elasticity with respect to an increase in cash on hand, and a decrease in the opportunity cost of missing work. I find that the liquidity effect accounts for 60 to 65 percent of the increase in claim duration among lower-wage workers, but less than half of the increase for higher earners. Using the framework from Chetty (2008), I conclude that the insurance value of WC exceeds the distortionary cost, and increasing the benefit level could increase social welfare. Next, I investigate how government-provided disability insurance (DI) interacts with private transfers to disabled individuals from their grown children. Using the Health and Retirement Study, I estimate a fixed effects, difference in differences regression to compare transfers between DI recipients and two control groups: rejected applicants and a reweighted sample of disabled non-applicants. I find that DI reduces the probability of receiving a transfer by no more than 3 percentage points, or 10 percent. Additional analysis reveals that DI could increase the probability of receiving a transfer in cases where children had limited prior information about the disability, suggesting that DI could send a welfare-improving information signal. Finally, Zachary Morris and I examine how a functional assessment could complement medical evaluations in determining eligibility for disability benefits and in targeting return to work interventions. We analyze claimants' self-reported functional capacity in a survey of current DI beneficiaries to estimate the share of disability claimants able to do work-related activity. We estimate that 13 percent of current DI beneficiaries are capable of work-related activity. Furthermore, other characteristics of these higher-functioning beneficiaries are positively correlated with employment, making them an appropriate target for return to work interventions.

The impact of social housing on health in Glasgow and Baltimore, 1930-1980

This dissertation seeks to discern the impact of social housing on public health in the cities of Glasgow, Scotland and Baltimore, Maryland in the twentieth century. Additionally, this dissertation seeks to compare the impact of social housing policy implementation in both cities, to determine the efficacy of social housing as a tool of public health betterment. This is accomplished through the exposition and evaluation of the housing and health trends of both cities over the course of the latter half of the twentieth century. Both the cities of Glasgow and Baltimore had long struggled with both overcrowded slum districts and relatively unhealthy populations. Early commentators had noticed the connection between insanitary housing and poor health, and sought a solution to both of these problems. Beginning in the 1940s, housing reform advocates (self-dubbed ‘housers') pressed for the development of social housing, or municipally-controlled housing for low-income persons, to alleviate the problems of overcrowded slum dwellings in both cities. The impetus for social housing was twofold: to provide affordable housing to low-income persons and to provide housing that would facilitate healthy lives for tenants. Whether social housing achieved these goals is the crux of this dissertation. In the immediate years following the Second World War, social housing was built en masse in both cities. Social housing provided a reprieve from slum housing for both working-class Glaswegians and Baltimoreans. In Baltimore specifically, social housing provided accommodation for the city’s Black residents, who found it difficult to occupy housing in White neighbourhoods. As the years progressed, social housing developments in both cities faced unexpected problems. In Glasgow, stable tenant flight (including both middle class and skilled artisan workers)+ resulted in a concentration of poverty in the city’s housing schemes, and in Baltimore, a flight of White tenants of all income levels created a new kind of state subsidized segregated housing stock. The implementation of high-rise tower blocks in both cities, once heralded as a symbol of housing modernity, also faced increased scrutiny in the 1960s and 1970s. During the period of 1940-1980, before policy makers in the United States began to eschew social housing for subsidized private housing vouchers and community based housing associations had truly taken off in Britain, public health professionals conducted academic studies of the impact of social housing tenancy on health. Their findings provide the evidence used to assess the second objective of social housing provision, as outlined above. Put simply, while social housing units were undoubtedly better equipped than slum dwellings in both cities, the public health investigations into the impact of rehousing slum dwellers into social housing revealed that social housing was not a panacea for each city’s social and public health problems.

Chronic low back pain among French healthcare workers and prognostic factors of return to work (RTW): a non-randomized controlled trial

International audience

Psychosocial and occupational risk perception among health care workers: a Moroccan multicenter study.

International audience

Wellbeing and occupational risk perception among health care workers: a multicenter study in Morocco and France

International audience

The Prevalence of Depression among patients and its detection by Primary Health Care Workers at Matawale Health Centre (Zomba)

Background Little information is available on the prevalence of depression in Malawi in primary health care settings and yet there is increased number of cases of depression presenting at tertiary level in severe form. Aim The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of depression among patients and its detection by health care workers at a primary health care clinic in Zomba. Methods A cross-sectional survey was done among patients attending outpatient department at Matawale Health Centre, in Zomba from 1st July 2009 through to 31st July 2009. A total of 350 adults were randomly selected using systematic sampling. The “Self Reporting Questionnaire”, a questionnaire measuring social demographic factors and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders Non-Patient Version (SCID-NP) were administered verbally to the participants. Findings The prevalence of depression among the patients attending the outpatients department was found to be 30.3% while detection rate of depression by clinician was 0%. Conclusion The results revealed the magnitude of depression which is prevalent in the primary health care clinic that goes undiagnosed and unmanaged. It is therefore recommended that primary health care providers do thorough assessments to address common mental disorders especially depression and they should be educated to recognise and manage depression appropriately at primary care level.

Tecnologia social para autogestão : um estudo em empreendedorismo econômico solidário da cadeia produtiva da cajucultura no Rio Grande do Norte

The theme of this dissertation is social technology for self-management: a study in economic enterprise supportive of Rio Grande do Norte. The research aimed to obtain evidence that the reapplication of technology management, basic economic-financial and pricing, as production costs, has the potential to contribute to the self-management of APABV. The social technology and self-management are theoretical frameworks used and where workers are central figures in both the generation and replication of technologies that are compatible with their realities, as in the conduct and management approach adopted by them in their venture, they are makers decisions. To achieve the proposed objective was accomplished participatory research, which was used in addition to document analysis, participatory methodologies such as the construction of the DRP, group interview, experience in the production environment and family of entrepreneurs APABV. This research allowed the management technologies such as spreadsheets controls basic economic and financial costs, when socialized and understood by workers has the potential informational and become part of their daily decision-making process of the project, making up social technology

Finanças, fundo público e financiamento da seguridade social no Brasil

O artigo analisa os efeitos produzidos pela hegemonia neoliberal das finanças sobre o financiamento tributário da política pública de Previdência Social, Saúde e Assistência Social durante o governo Lula no Brasil. Utilizou referencial teórico de tradição marxista e analisou os dados do Orçamento Geral da União retirados do sistema SIGA Brasil do Senado Federal sobre as fontes de recursos da seguridade social. Conclui que os trabalhadores contribuíram mais do que os capitalistas no financiamento tributário da seguridade social no governo Lula. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Trabalho, trabalhadores e questão social na sociabilidade capitalista

Este ensaio, por meio de revisão da literatura, analisa as transformações societárias em curso que afetam o mundo do trabalho e a vida em sociedade, provocando o acirramento da questão social, compreendida como resultante das contradições entre capital e trabalho. Em linhas gerais, tendo em vista o acúmulo de conhecimento produzido no campo das ciências sociais e humanas acerca do tema, são apresentados elementos acerca das alterações desencadeadas no mundo do trabalho e seus reflexos para os trabalhadores em tempos de crise do capital. Dentre as consequências dessas transformações estão a intensificação e a expansão de formas precárias de trabalho, o agravamento do pauperismo, o avanço do desemprego, a informalidade, as subcontratações, a miséria e a perda de direitos sociais. Tal quadro esboça, para o conjunto da classe trabalhadora, por meio de organizações e lutas coletivas, desafios com vistas à superação da sociabilidade capitalista. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

La ética y trabajo social

El desarrollo de esta monografía busca dar a conocer por medio de la teoría la relación de la ética con el Trabajo Social, para ello en este trabajo se aborda a la ética de una manera sistematizada, el estudio de los valores imprescindibles en el campo de lo ético, definiéndolos y dándoles relación con la vida cotidiana y el Trabajo Social, las razones por la que una persona tiene que tener ética en la realidad y cotidianidad del ser humano, el campo de los códigos de ética profesional que enmarca a los profesionales y muestra la manera de actuar de los mismos, el código deontológico publicado de Trabajo Social, de qué trata, sus objetivos, sus funciones en el papel profesional, sobre todo en el desarrollo de la carrera, en primer lugar el asunto de la ética que lleva consigo los valores y propósitos que guían la acción profesional en Trabajo Social, y el compromiso ético que tienen los trabajadores(as) sociales en torno a todos los aspectos de accionar, también aborda los dilemas, contradicciones y conflictos éticos de la profesión, donde se comienza a poner en juego realmente las valoraciones éticas, cada uno de los tipos de dilemas éticos y la clasificación factorial de los dilemas éticos encontrados en Trabajo Social, por último, algunas conclusiones a las que se ha podido llegar en el desarrollo de los capítulos, además entrevistas a profesionales del Trabajo Social ecuatorianos en algunos ámbitos laborales con lo que se dará por concluida la presente monografía.

Trabajo social en la inclusión laboral de las personas con discapacidad

La exclusión del mercado de trabajo de las personas con discapacidad es un problema social que debe ser abordado por el profesional en Trabajo Social, para que intervenga en el proceso de incorporación al mundo laboral, ya sea demandando, sensibilizando o diseñando mecanismos como la capacitacióntanto a las empresas como a las PCDpara evitar su exclusión social y laboral. Se empezarádefiniendo el concepto sobre discapacidad, su clasificación en el Ecuador, estadísticas en los diferentes contextos, y aspectos sobre la inclusión laboral de las personas con discapacidad. También se recopilará las leyes vigentes que amparan la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad, a nivel internacional, nacional y local. Se pretende además socializar la intervención de los profesionales en Trabajo Social, de las distintas empresas públicas y privadas como: Graiman, Indurama, Pasamanería Tosi, Municipio, Etapa y el Ministerio de Obras Públicas, debido a sus experiencias dentro del proceso de inclusión laboral de las personas con discapacidad, a través del análisis e interpretación de los resultados de las entrevistas aplicadas. Finalmente se expone la realización de una propuesta de capacitación, la cual oriente en los diferentes procesos de intervención del Trabajador Social con las personas con discapacidad dentro del ámbito laboral, como un referente a ser considerado y adoptado para la mejora de su calidad en la inclusión laboral, valorándolos como seres humanos trabajadores que aportan de manera productiva al crecimiento de la empresa y del país.

The Impact of Education and Socioeconomic and Occupational Conditions on Self-Perceived and Mental Health Inequalities Among Immigrants and Native Workers in Spain

There is limited evidence on the influence of social determinants on the self-perceived and mental health of immigrants settled at least 8 years in Spain. The aim of this study was to examine differences between workers related to migrant-status, self-perceived and mental health, and to assess their relationship to occupational conditions, educational level and occupational social class, stratified by sex. Using data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2011/12, we computed prevalence, odds ratios and explicative fractions. Mental (OR 2.02; CI 1.39–2.93) and self-perceived health (OR 2.64; CI 1.77–3.93) were poorer for immigrant women compared to natives. Occupational social class variable contributes 25 % to self-perceived health OR in immigrant women. Settled immigrant women workers are a vulnerable group in Spain.