973 resultados para So(4) Gauge Field
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A three-dimensional exact solution for determining the thermal stresses in a finite hollow cylinder subject to a steady state axisymmetric temperature field over one of its end surfaces has been given. Numerical results for a hollow cylinder, having lenght to outer diameter ratio equal to one and inner to outer diameter ratio equal to 0.75, subjected to a symmetric temperature variation over the end surfaces of the cylinder have been given.
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We present the results of a search for supersymmetry with gauge-mediated breaking and $\NONE\to\gamma\Gravitino$ in the $\gamma\gamma$+missing transverse energy final state. In 2.6$\pm$0.2 \invfb of $p{\bar p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$$=$1.96 TeV recorded by the CDF II detector we observe no candidate events, consistent with a standard model background expectation of 1.4$\pm$0.4 events. We set limits on the cross section at the 95% C.L. and place the world's best limit of 149\gevc on the \none mass at $\tau_{\tilde{\chi}_1^0}$$
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In the present note we have studied the harmonic and anharmonic oscillations of cylindrical plasma using Lagrangian formalism. In order to study the harmonic oscillations, the equations are linearized and the resulting equation for the displacement has been numerically solved. For situations present in thermonuclear reactors, the presence of axial magnetic field is found necessary to make the periods of oscillation to become comparable with the time required for the thermonuclear reactions to set in. A detailed analysis of the anharmonic oscillations reveals that the significant interaction is between the first and the second mode. The fundamental period of anharmonic oscillation is more than the corresponding period of harmonic oscillations by 9·2%. Graphs have been drawn for the amplitudes of relative variations in density and magnetic field and of the time-varying part of anharmonic oscillation.
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In this paper, the steady laminar viscous hypersonic flow of an electrically conducting fluid in the region of the stagnation point of an insulating blunt body in the presence of a radial magnetic field is studied by similarity solution approach, taking into account the variation of the product of density and viscosity across the boundary layer. The two coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved simultaneously using Runge-Kutta-Gill method. It has been found that the effect of the variation of the product of density and viscosity on skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number is appreciable. The skin friction coefficient increases but Nusselt number decreases as the magnetic field or the total enthalpy at the wall increases
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Today finite element method is a well established tool in engineering analysis and design. Though there axe many two and three dimensional finite elements available, it is rare that a single element performs satisfactorily in majority of practical problems. The present work deals with the development of 4-node quadrilateral element using extended Lagrange interpolation functions. The classical univariate Lagrange interpolation is well developed for 1-D and is used for obtaining shape functions. We propose a new approach to extend the Lagrange interpolation to several variables. When variables axe more than one the method also gives the set of feasible bubble functions. We use the two to generate shape function for the 4-node arbitrary quadrilateral. It will require the incorporation of the condition of rigid body motion, constant strain and Navier equation by imposing necessary constraints. The procedure obviates the need for isoparametric transformation since interpolation functions are generated for arbitrary quadrilateral shapes. While generating the element stiffness matrix, integration can be carried out to the accuracy desired by dividing the quadrilateral into triangles. To validate the performance of the element which we call EXLQUAD4, we conduct several pathological tests available in the literature. EXLQUAD4 predicts both stresses and displacements accurately at every point in the element in all the constant stress fields. In tests involving higher order stress fields the element is assured to converge in the limit of discretisation. A method thus becomes available to generate shape functions directly for arbitrary quadrilateral. The method is applicable also for hexahedra. The approach should find use for development of finite elements for use with other field equations also.
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We demonstrate a top-gated field effect transistor made of a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) monolayer (graphene) by dielectrophoresis. The Raman spectrum of RGO flakes of typical size of 5 mu m x 5 mu m shows a single 2D band at 2687 cm(-1), characteristic of single-layer graphene.The two-probe current-voltage measurements of RGO flakes, deposited in between the patterned electrodes with a gap of 2.5 mu m using ac dielectrophoresis, show ohmic behavior with a resistance of similar to 37 k Omega. The temperature dependence of the resistance (R) of RGO measured between 305 K and 393 K yields a temperature coefficient of resistance [dR/dT]/R similar to -9.5 x 10(-4)/K, the same as that of mechanically exfoliated single-layer graphene. The field-effect transistor action was obtained by electrochemical top-gating using a solid polymer electrolyte (PEO + LiClO4) and Pt wire. The ambipolar nature of graphene flakes is observed up to a doping level of similar to 6 x 10(12)/cm(2) and carrier mobility of similar to 50 cm(2)/V s. The source-drain current characteristics show a tendency of current saturation at high source-drain voltage which is analyzed quantitatively by a diffusive transport model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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We have made concurrent measurements of ionic current and optical transmission between crossed polarisers on several nematics with positive dielectric anisotropy under the action of applied low frequency (< 1KHz) square wave voltages. When the field E is low, the measured current is linear in E and there is no electrooptic response. Beyond some value of the field (E(0)similar to 100 esu), the current becomes independent of the field (phenomenon of limiting current). Further an electrooptic signal is measured at twice the frequency of the applied voltage, which exhibits a peak as a function of the field. The width of the peak is 3 to 4 times the value of E-0, and the signal level at the peak decreases as the frequency is increased. These measurements have been made on three highly polar compounds with cyano end groups. Careful observations do not show any evidence of electrohydrodynamic instabilities in the sample. It is argued that the observations can be understood if at the onset of the phenomenon of the limiting current, a strong electric field gradient is established near one of the electrodes due to the sweeping of an ionic species with high mobility. The field gradient produces a flexoelectric deformation of the director field, which in turn gives rise to the electrooptic effect. At higher fields, the stabilising dielectric torque takes over to suppress this instability.
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Polymeric peroxides have received renewed attention in the recent past, in view of some significant explorations of their physical and chemical properties. The potential of polymeric peroxides as a class, as specialized fuel, and the need to synthesize such new materials have been reported in the literature. So far, this class of polymers is constituted only by a dozen or so polyperoxides. From the point of view of their use in propellant applications, the importance lies in making materials which are easy to handle etc., unlike the earlier reported poly(styrene peroxide) (PSP), a sticky semi-solid mass. However, judging from the better combustion characteristics, exploring aromatic monomers was thought worthwhile. In this preliminary communication, the synthesis of a new polymeric peroxide made from 1,4-divinylbenzene is reported. The polymer obtained was in powder form and had an exothermic heat of degradation approximately equal to that of PSP. 4 ref.--AA
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The two dimensional plane can be filled with rhombuses, so as to generate non-periodic tilings with 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12-fold symmetries. Some representative tilings constructed using the rule of inflation are shown. The numerically computed diffraction patterns for the corresponding tilings are also shown to facilitate a comparison with possible X-ray or electron diffraction pictures.
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Results of photoelastic investigation conducted on annulii containing a radial crack at inner edge and subjected to diametrical tension are reported. The cracks are oriented at 90°, 60° and 45° to the loading direction. The Stress-Intensity Factors (SIFs) were determined by analysing the crack-tip stress fields. Smith and Smith's method [Engng Fracture Mech.4, 357–366 (1972)] and a modified method developed earlier by the authors (to be published) were adopted in the evaluation of SIFs.
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This doctoral thesis is about the solar wind influence on the atmosphere of the planet Venus. A numerical plasma simulation model was developed for the interaction between Venus and the solar wind to study the erosion of charged particles from the Venus upper atmosphere. The developed model is a hybrid simulation where ions are treated as particles and electrons are modelled as a fluid. The simulation was used to study the solar wind induced ion escape from Venus as observed by the European Space Agency's Venus Express and NASA's Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft. Especially, observations made by the ASPERA-4 particle instrument onboard Venus Express were studied. The thesis consists of an introductory part and four peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals. In the introduction Venus is presented as one of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System and the main findings of the work are discussed within the wider context of planetary physics. Venus is the closest neighbouring planet to the Earth and the most earthlike planet in its size and mass orbiting the Sun. Whereas the atmosphere of the Earth consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, Venus has a hot carbon dioxide atmosphere, which is dominated by the greenhouse effect. Venus has all of its water in the atmosphere, which is only a fraction of the Earth's total water supply. Since planets developed presumably in similar conditions in the young Solar System, why Venus and Earth became so different in many respects? One important feature of Venus is that the planet does not have an intrinsic magnetic field. This makes it possible for the solar wind, a continuous stream of charged particles from the Sun, to flow close to Venus and to pick up ions from the planet's upper atmosphere. The strong intrinsic magnetic field of the Earth dominates the terrestrial magnetosphere and deflects the solar wind flow far away from the atmosphere. The region around Venus where the planet's atmosphere interacts with the solar wind is called the plasma environment or the induced magnetosphere. Main findings of the work include new knowledge about the movement of escaping planetary ions in the Venusian induced magnetosphere. Further, the developed simulation model was used to study how the solar wind conditions affect the ion escape from Venus. Especially, the global three-dimensional structure of the Venusian particle and magnetic environment was studied. The results help to interpret spacecraft observations around the planet. Finally, several remaining questions were identified, which could potentially improve our knowledge of the Venus ion escape and guide the future development of planetary plasma simulations.
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Abstract. We critically examine some recent claims that certain field theories with and without boson kinetic energy terms are equivalent. We point out that the crucial element in these claims is the finiteness or otherwise of the boson wavefunction renormalisation constant. We show that when this constant is finite, the equivalence proof offered in the literature fails in a direct way. When the constant is divergent, the claimed equivalence is only a consequence of improper use of divergent quantities.
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A novel method of detecting the charge-carrying species in inorganic decomposable salts is described. In ammonium perchlorate it is observed that the charge-carrying species at temperatures 150 and 230°C are oppositely charged; i.e., they are negatively charged (ClO−4 ions) at 230°C and positively charged (H+ or NH+4) at 150°C.