Produ����o e qualidade fisiol��gica de sementes de soja avaliadas na semeadura de inverno

O cultivo da soja fora da ��poca convencional pode ser uma alternativa de rota����o de cultura al��m de proporcionar sementes de melhor qualidade fisiol��gica, que podem ser utilizadas na semeadura da pr��xima safra diminuindo o per��odo de armazenamento. O trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento de sete cultivares de soja, em tr��s densidades populacionais, quanto ao porte e altura de inser����o da primeira vagem, assim como quanto �� produ����o e qualidade fisiol��gica das sementes, semeadas no per��odo de inverno, na regi��o de Selv��ria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeti����es, dispostos em esquema fatorial 7 ��3. Os tratamentos constaram de sete cultivares (IAC-16, IAC-Foscarin 31, FT-2, IAC-17, IAC-8, Doko e FT-Cristalina) e tr��s densidades de plantas (300, 400 e 500 mil plantas ha-1). O ciclo da soja foi reduzido no cultivo de inverno, principalmente nos cultivares considerados tardios. O fotoper��odo no cultivo de inverno reduziu o per��odo entre o florescimento e a matura����o. O cultivar IAC-8 foi o menos sens��vel ao fotoper��odo, possuindo matura����o em ��poca semelhante aos cultivares tardios, e apresentou as melhores caracter��sticas agron��micas para o cultivo no per��odo de inverno. �� aconselh��vel o aumento de densidade de semeadura quando do uso de cultivares precoces em cultivos de inverno. N��o �� aconselh��vel armazenar sementes em condi����es ambientes, principalmente com valores de germina����o pr��ximo ao limite inferior desej��vel (80%).

Morphology of beak and tongue of partrigde Rhynchotus rufescens

Vinte perdizes Rhynchotus rufescens foram utilizadas para estudar a morfologia do bico e da l��ngua. Os comprimentos do bico e da l��ngua foram avaliados, e sec����es histol��gicas foram coradas com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), ��cido peri��dico de Schiff (PAS) e tricromo de Masson, posteriormente analisadas e descritas. O bico da perdiz em ambos os sexos s��o curvos, duros e com uma extremidade pontiaguda tendo em m��dia de 4,90cm de comprimento para as f��meas e 4,80 para os machos. A l��ngua �� caracterizada por um formato triangular e possui em m��dia 1cm de comprimento para ambos os sexos, sendo sua extremidade pontiaguda. A organiza����o histol��gica da l��ngua apresenta epit��lio estratificado queratinizado com papilas filiformes em toda a superf��cie, gl��ndulas mucosas com ductos que se projetam na superf��cie epitelial e cartilagem hialina em todo o comprimento, localizada sobre a musculatura esquel��tica, a qual �� orientada em v��rias dire����es.

Morphological description of Amblyomma brasiliense Arag��o, 1908 (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae and nymphs

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Lactate sequestration by osteoderms of the broad-nose caiman, Caiman latirostris, following capture and forced submergence

Lactate accumulation in osteoderms; of the broad-nose caiman, Caiman latirostris, was determined following capture and surgery and after a period of forced submergence and related to concurrent values in blood. Control samples of bone and blood were taken after recovery from surgery and before submergence. In addition, samples of osteoderm were incubated in a lactate solution to determine equilibrium concentration, and additional samples were analyzed for elemental and CO2 concentrations. The composition of the osteoderms closely resembles that of typical vertebrate bone, with a high concentration of calcium and phosphate. Plasma and osteoderm lactate concentrations were both elevated following surgery and decreased significantly after 1 day of recovery. Submergence produced a typical lactate pattern in the plasma, with only a modest increase during the dive and then a sharp increase during recovery to a peak of 31.2 +/- 1.9 mumol ml(-1) after 1 h. When caimans were anesthetized 2 h after submergence, osteoderm lactate in the same animals was significantly increased to 14.8 mumol g(-1) wet mass. The ratio of the osteoderm: plasma lactate concentration after submergence was similar to the ratio observed in the incubated samples, suggesting that osteoderm lactate concentrations in vivo were equilibrated with circulating plasma levels. We conclude that caiman osteoderms sequester lactate during lactic acidosis and that the time course is fast enough to have benefit to these animals following normal anaerobic burst activity.

In vitro acaricidal activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts with known azadirachtin concentrations against Rhipicephalus microplus

The effect of four extracts from neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) containing 2000, 5000, 9000 and 10,000 ppm of azadirachtin A (AZA), quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and diluted to 1.25%; 2.5%; 5.0%; 10.0% and 12.8% was verified by in vitro tests with engorged females and larvae of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus micro plus. The results from the bioassays with the engorged females showed that the main toxic effect of the extracts was reduction of the reproductive parameters, with a sharp drop in the number of eggs laid and the hatching rate, mainly when the extracts were diluted to 10.0% and 12.8%. The product effectiveness (PE) calculations for all the solutions tested showed that the AZA solution at 10,000 ppm (N10) was the most effective. However, statistical analysis of the PE data obtained for the proportional AZA concentrations in the different diluted extracts showed significance (P<0.05) of the effects included in the model (extract dilution, principle effect (classificatory) of the assay (extract) and the interaction between the two), indicating significant variations due to the dilution, the test and the interaction between the two factors in the tests with engorged females. For solutions N2, N5, and N9, it was not possible to estimate LC(90) values in the dilution range tested. The lowest LC(50) was observed for extract N5, and although extract N10 was the only extract for which the LC(90) could be estimated within the range tested, the LC(50) was higher than for N5 and N9. These results suggest that substances other than AZA present in the extracts influenced the efficacy, especially up to a certain LC range. In the tests with larvae, no mortality was observed, indicating zero effectiveness of all the extracts tested. The results of the tests with engorged females showed that the neem extracts had acaricide activity, inhibiting egg laying and the larval hatching rate. Complementary studies are necessary to develop new methods to isolate and/or identify other substances besides AZA contained in this plant, to enable using products made from it as acaricides. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Avalia����o de vari��veis fisiol��gicas em porta-enxertos de videira cultivados em solu����o nutritiva com a adi����o de alum��nio

Realizou-se este experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta dos porta-enxertos de videira IAC 313 Tropical e IAC 572 Jales a diferentes n��veis de alum��nio em solu����o nutritiva. A condu����o do experimento foi realizada em condi����es de casa-de-vegeta����o do Departamento de Produ����o Vegetal/��rea de Horticultura, da Faculdade de Ci��ncias Agron��micas - UNESP/Botucatu. Utilizaram-se cinco n��veis de alum��nio, a saber: 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 mg L-1. Ap��s a aplica����o dos tratamentos, realizaram-se coletas a cada 15 dias para obten����o das vari��veis fisiol��gicas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de parcelas subdivididas, inteiramente casualizado e com 3 repeti����es. Avaliaram-se as vari��veis: taxa de crescimento absoluto e relativo, raz��o de massa foliar e rela����o parte a��rea/ra��zes. Concluiu-se que o porta-enxerto IAC 572 Jales, quando submetido ao n��vel de 10mg Al L-1 na solu����o, apresentou maior taxa de crescimento absoluto e relativo, e maior redistribui����o de massa seca das folhas para o restante da planta, ao passo que o porta-enxerto IAC 313 Tropical, quando submetido a esse n��vel de alum��nio, apresentou um decr��scimo acentuado nessas vari��veis.

Mecanismos de desgaste de poliuretano em ensaios de microabras��o

Wear mechanisms and thermal history of two non-conforming sliding surfaces was investigated in laboratory. A micro-abrasion testing setup was used but the traditional rotative sphere method was substituted by a cylindrical surface of revolution which included seven sharp angles varying between 15o to 180o. The micro-abrasion tests lead to the investigation on the polyurethane response at different contact pressures. For these turned counterfaces with and without heat treatment. Normal load and sliding speeds were changed. The sliding distance was fixed at 5 km in each test. The room and contact temperatures were measured during the tests. The polyurethane was characterized using tensile testing, hardness Shore A measurement, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermomechanical Analyze (TMA). The Vickers micro-hardness of the steel was measured before and after the heat treatment and the metallographic characterization was also carried out. Worn surface of polyurethane was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDS (Electron Diffraction Scanning) microanalyses. Single pass scratch testing in polyurethane using indenters with different contact angles was also carried out. The scar morphology of the wear, the wear mechanism and the thermal response were analyzed in order to correlate the conditions imposed by the pressure-velocity pair to the materials in contact. Eight different wear mechanisms were identified on the polyurethane surface. It was found correlation between the temperature variation and the wear scar morphology.

Sparse one-dimensional discrete Dirac operators II: Spectral properties

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

The hamster cheek pouch: an immunologically privileged site suitable to the study of granulomatous infections

A bolsa jugal do hamster (BJH) �� uma invagina����o da mucosa oral, caracterizada histologicamente como semelhante a pele. Nesse estudo n��s descrevemos algumas de suas caracter��sticas anat��micas, histol��gicas e embriol��gicas e comentamos sobre sua propriedade como local imunologicamente privilegiado, considerando a aus��ncia de drenagem linf��tica e o reduzido n��mero de c��lulas de Langerhans. Apresentamos tamb��m os resultados obtidos quando da inocula����o de micobacterias (BCG, Mycobacterium tuberculosis e Mycobacterium leprae) e do fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis na bolsa jugal. Comparada com as les��es provocadas em outras localiza����es e, �� exce����o do BCG, as les��es induzidas na bolsa s��o menores e de maior dura����o e, mesmo quando granulomatosas, incapazes de controlar a multiplica����o do agente; nos casos em que houve o desenvolvimento da resposta imune, ele se fez tardiamente e foi acompanhado pela redu����o do n��mero de parasitas nas les��es. Essas observa����es apontam a bolsa jugal do hamster como um local de escolha para o estudo sobre a participa����o da resposta imune no desenvolvimento e modula����o das doen��as infecciosas e dos granulomas.

O desejo, o relato e a pr��tica da cidade: de como s��o produzidos territ��rios marginais na cidade do pr��ncipe (1880 - 1900)

The theme of this work is the study of marginal territories of the Cidade do Pr��ncipe, sketch in time than today is constituted as the city of Caic��/RN, with the time frame the years 1880 to 1900. Our goal is to investigate the construction of these territories from multiple speech subjects practitioners of the city. Thus, we propose to discover the mapping of the deviation in the city in question, as they were drawn, those who experienced and through which practices. Investigate the construction of these spaces from the speeches, and fill a historiographical gap, allows to find stories sharp, silenced or ignored, abortions and madness in prison, repressed passions and avenged. To meet these spaces the sources are diverse, such as the newspaper O Povo, the Codes of posture, the Reports of Presidents and Heads of Provincial Police and process-crime. Regarding the methodological aspects of research, we decided by discourse analysis, discourse here conceived not only as what is said about someone or something, but as a set of statements circulating at any given time in society, articulating speech, intentions, actions and thought. The city is then considered from their territories, imagined as a space configured in/by the relations power that the dispute, but also as a space for experiences multiple, different feelings, place and non-place, the discipline and mockery, of power and resistance.

Caracteriza����o dos acoplamentos fase-amplitude na regi��o CA1 do hopocampo

Brain oscillation are not completely independent, but able to interact with each other through cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in at least four different ways: power-to-power, phase-to-phase, phase-to-frequency and phase-to-power. Recent evidence suggests that not only the rhythms per se, but also their interactions are involved in the execution of cognitive tasks, mainly those requiring selective attention, information flow and memory consolidation. It was recently proposed that fast gamma oscillations (60 150 Hz) convey spatial information from the medial entorhinal cortex to the CA1 region of the hippocampus by means of theta (4-12 Hz) phase coupling. Despite these findings, however, little is known about general characteristics of CFCs in several brain regions. In this work we recorded local field potentials using multielectrode arrays aimed at the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus for chronic recording. Cross-frequency coupling was evaluated by using comodulogram analysis, a CFC tool recently developted (Tort et al. 2008, Tort et al. 2010). All data analyses were performed using MATLAB (MathWorks Inc). Here we describe two functionally distinct oscillations within the fast gamma frequency range, both coupled to the theta rhythm during active exploration and REM sleep: an oscillation with peak activity at ~80 Hz, and a faster oscillation centered at ~140 Hz. The two oscillations are differentially modulated by the phase of theta depending on the CA1 layer; theta-80 Hz coupling is strongest at stratum lacunosum-moleculare, while theta-140 Hz coupling is strongest at stratum oriens-alveus. This laminar profile suggests that the ~80 Hz oscillation originates from entorhinal cortex inputs to deeper CA1 layers, while the ~140 Hz oscillation reflects CA1 activity in superficial layers. We further show that the ~140 Hz oscillation differs from sharp-wave associated ripple oscillations in several key characteristics. Our results demonstrate the existence of novel theta-associated high-frequency oscillations, and suggest a redefinition of fast gamma oscillations

Metal-insulator transition in Nd1-x Eu-x NiO3 probed by specific heat and anelastic measurements

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Bound states by a pseudoscalar Coulomb potential in one-plus-one dimensions

The Dirac equation is solved for a pseudoscalar Coulomb potential in a two-dimensional world. An infinite sequence of bounded solutions are obtained. These results are in sharp contrast with those ones obtained in 3 + 1 dimensions where no bound-state solutions are found. Next the general two-dimensional problem for pseudoscalar power-law potentials is addressed consenting us to conclude that a nonsingular potential leads to bounded solutions. The behaviour of the upper and lower components of the Dirac spinor for a confining linear potential nonconserving- as well as conserving-parity, even if the potential is unbounded from below, is discussed in some detail. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Treatment of PVC using an alternative low energy ion bombardment procedure

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium parasiticum in a renal transplant patient

A 49-year-old renally transplanted man, under a five-year course of immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone and cyclosporine A, experienced a subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium parasiticum. The clinical presentation consisted of impressive, large, inflammatory and draining cystic tumors on the left foot that had been present for one year. A significant improvement was obtained with itraconazole plus intralesional injection with amphotericin B. Drug interaction was observed between itraconazole and cyclosporine A causing a severe hypertensive crisis and requiring a temporary sharp reduction in cyclosporine administration. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by P. parasiticum is uncommon among major organ transplant patients but several cases have previously been published and some patterns are emerging, e. g., limbs are generally involved but no known traumatic event has preceded lesion development. The identification of the case isolate was confirmed using a recently published online system based in part on beta-tubulin sequence comparison.