856 resultados para Serviços de saúde materna
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O câncer do colo do útero é um dos graves problemas de saúde pública no mundo e no Brasil. O exame colpocitológico e a educação em saúde são estratégias fundamentais para o êxito do programa de prevenção do câncer do colo do útero nos serviços de saúde pública. Foi realizado um estudo transversal e analítico, com o objetivo de identificar e discutir os fatores interferentes nas estratégias de controle do câncer do colo do útero, com ênfase na infecção pelo vírus HPV, sob a perspectiva das clientes do programa. A população do estudo foi de 858 mulheres atendidas nas unidades de saúde pública, em duas estratégias de Saúde da Família e três unidades básicas de saúde, sendo uma um Centro de Saúde Escola, no Município de Belém/PA. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista. Entre os fatores que interferem negativamente na efetividade das estratégias do respectivo programa estão incluídos: o perfil de clientela quanto a idade, grau de instrução e renda familiar; as características de atendimento e tipo de demanda do programa; o conhecimento de mulheres sobre câncer do colo do útero, neoplasia intraepitelial cervical, vírus HPV e vacina anti-hpv e; o uso das práticas educativas pelas unidades de saúde deste estudo. Conclui-se que intervenções na organização dos serviços de saúde pública podem contribuir na efetividade dessas estratégias, como a efetivação da busca ativa para melhorar o acesso das mulheres nas faixas etárias de maior prevalência de infecção pelo HPV e das mulheres em atraso com o exame colpocitológico anual. Assim como, o estabelecimento das práticas educativas como um recurso organizacional permanente para elevar o nível de conhecimento de mulheres sobre câncer do colo do útero e vírus HPV; além de tornar o monitoramento efetivo de mulheres sob controle anual. Enfim buscar ferramentas organizacionais na perspectiva da prevenção primária e secundária importantes para o controle do câncer do colo do útero e do vírus HPV.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB
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Um trabalho de campo, este livro é parte do projeto Integração Universidade, Serviços de Saúde e Comunidade na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Unesp: construindo novas práticas de formação e pesquisa. Integrado por pesquisadores e alunos de pós-graduação e graduação, o projeto está no bojo de um movimento maior - de alcance internacional -, voltado à mudança no sistema de graduação na área da saúde. Os autores debruçam-se principalmente sobre os aspectos práticos e humanos do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, levantando como se dá, no ensino superior da área de saúde, o compromisso com a integralidade dos cuidados médicos, a aproximação entre academia e serviço e entre a saúde e a educação, dentro de primados éticos, estéticos e políticos. As narrativas dos alunos do terceiro ano da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Unesp analisadas no livro foram elaboradas num contexto pedagógico em que eles tiveram a oportunidade de acompanhar um mesmo paciente ao longo de até quatro meses, vivência rara nas escolas médicas. Muitas dessas narrativas expressam a intensidade do encontro com o paciente, as dificuldades para lidar com pacientes difíceis (outro tema negligenciado na formação médica), a alegria do bom encontro, o sentimento de impotência diante das mazelas sociais e dos claros limites da medicina, como o de lidar com demandas situadas na fronteira entre os problemas da vida e a patologia, e que por isso nem sempre podem ser claramente configuradas e diagnosticadas
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PURPOSE: To analyze the time between the first symptom and treatment in patients treated for breast cancer in public hospitals in the Federal District. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis. We interviewed 250 women diagnosed with breast cancer treated in six hospitals of the State Department of Health of the Federal District from November 2009 to January 2011. The time intervals studied were the time between the detection of the symptoms and treatment subdivided into intervals until and after the first medical appointment. The variables were: age, menopausal status, color, educational level, average monthly household income, origin, reason for the initial consultation, staging, tumor size, laterality, metastasis to axillary lymph nodes, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery. The Mann-Whtney test was used to assess the association of these variables with the time intervals until treatment. RESULTS: The mean age was 52 years, with a predominance of white women (57.6%), from the Federal District (62.4%), with a family income of up to 2 minimum wages (78%), and up to four years of schooling (52.4%). The staging of the disease ranged from II to IV in 78.8% of the women. The time between the first symptom and treatment was 229 days (median). After detection of the first symptom, 52.9% of the women attended a consultation within 30 days and 88.8% took more than 90 days to start treatment. Women with elementary school education had a greater delay to the start of treatment (p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant delay to start treatment of women with breast cancer in public hospitals of the Federal District, suggesting that efforts should be made to reduce the time needed to schedule medical appointments and to diagnose and treat these patients.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9%. Variables associated with hypertension were self-rated health, alcohol consumption, gender, and hospitalization in the last year, regardless of age. The three most common measures taken to control hypertension, but only rarely, are oral medication, routine salt-free diet and physical activity. Lifestyle and socioeconomic status did not affect the practice of control, but knowledge about the importance of physical activity was higher among those older people with higher education and greater income. The research suggests that health policies that focus on primary care to encourage lifestyle changes among the elderly are necessary.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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OBJECTIVE: to describe elderly mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and neoplasms in Marilia (SP). METHODS: this is a descriptive study of mortality from three diseases as defined by the 10th International Classification of Diseases, between 1998-2000 and 2005-2007. Mortality Information System records were used. Mortality rates by age and sex were calculated. RESULTS: circulatory diseases were the main causes of death among the elderly (39.25%). Neoplasm decline was noticed in both sexes and in those aged 60-69, particularly prostate cancer in men (-83.86%) and breast cancer (-70.96%) in this age group. Deaths from respiratory diseases increased in patients aged 80 and older: 39.31% in men and 57.92% in women. CONCLUSION: mortality from circulatory diseases and neoplasms among the elderly showed a decline, with increased mortality from respiratory system problems in patients 80 years of age and older.
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The Brazilian population is ageing rapidly, and chronic diseases have increased. Due to deficient health care services, the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases occur in the tertiary level, which increases costs and reduces the possibilities of early diagnoses. In view of the elderly population‟s increase and of the great demand at hospitalization units, it is important to learn about the difficulties and facilities faced by nursing teams when giving care to hospitalized individuals. In order to reach the objectives, a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive, analytical and qualitative study was performed with basis on Bardin‟s Content Analysis. Among the difficulties were patients‟ limitations, dependence level, behaviors and habits, interference from companions, feeling of abandonment, perception of needs, dealing with suffering and lack of time for adequate care. As to facilities, acceptance of the disease, adherence to treatment, collaboration, trust in the team, and older patients‟ politeness were reported, which shows that passiveness is an important indicator in caring for the elderly. Older individuals suffer the outcomes of certain physical, psychological and mental deficits. When facing disease conditions, they require special care, including hospitalization and greater attention. The nursing team provides daily care and follows patients‟ development; however, its members are still not knowledgeable enough about the ageing process. This contributes to increase prejudice and erroneous stereotypes about older persons. Therefore, not understanding such process compromises the full care to be provided to older patients. This leads team members to accelerate the care provision process in order to meet the daily work demand, thus compromising older patients‟ autonomy and making them more dependent on the team, whereas the process should follow the opposite path
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The demand for health services can be understood as an application needs the user has. The inability to use the outpatient services and limited supply of these make it possible for users to browse sites that focus attention on a greater possibility of entry doors, in which first-aid centers and hospital emergency match this profile, distorting the flow of patients in the network through an inverse demand of the movement hierarchy. Added to this, the burden of care in these services results in overcrowding and poor quality of care. Evaluate the demand of the visits occurred in the Emergency Room of the Hospital of the Medical School of Botucatu / UNESP (PS - HC - FMB / UNESP) during June-July 2010. A transversal, descriptive and retrospective. For data collection sheet was used in the proposed Service unit and the data it was filled out the form with the necessary items for the search. Made an exploratory analysis and frequency distributions for categorical variables of the form. Females predominated (56%) and aged 61 years or older with 30%. 96.5% were owned by DRS VI, and 62.5% of Botucatu. The attendance by the physician on duty and corresponded to 57.7% among the 23 medical specialties, Gastric (7.0%), Cardiology (4.5%), Medical (4.4%), urology (4.2%) and Pulmonology (4.1%) were the ones that stood out. The medical procedures performed that stood out were X-ray (46.4%) and electrocardiogram (ECG) (42.3%) and in most specialty care occurred, only the daily consultation with the patient. It was possible to characterize, so the demand for PS - HC - FMB / UNESP for the period June- July 2010, The predominance of the elderly shows that come along with aging diseases and addictions, causing a greater need for health services. Moreover, this study showed that the high number of visits is related to both the daily demands that the tertiary hospital has the same transformation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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O trabalho se baseia em uma revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos da literatura que abordam o tema adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, a efetividade do tratamento é caracterizada pela relação estabelecida em uma atmosfera na qual as alternativas terapêuticas são exploradas, o regime terapêutico é negociado, a adesão é discutida e o acompanhamento planejado. Para a manutenção da adesão ao tratamento, o paciente precisa ser esclarecido e auxiliado quanto suas próprias decisões. Além disso, é imprescindível entender as características do indivíduo, do processo de atendimento à saúde e de aspectos referentes aos elementos envolvidos. Portanto, faz-se necessário o conhecimento do farmacêutico sobre a importância da realização de intervenções personalizadas e com divisões de responsabilidades, que juntamente com a mudança de comportamento do profissional de saúde e com a existência de um sistema de saúde que garanta o acesso aos recursos terapêuticos irão contribuir para o aumento da adesão. Neste trabalho, a adesão ao tratamento em doenças crônicas tais como diabetes, epilepsia, hipertensão, tuberculose, e HIV/AIDS é avaliada, assim como as possíveis intervenções que visam o aumento da adesão e, consequentemente, proporcionam uma melhor qualidade de vida para o paciente.