Diel vertical migration of the bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus), a species possessing orbital retia mirabilia

The bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus, Lowe 1841) is one of three sharks in the family Alopiidae, which occupy pelagic, neritic, and shallow coastal waters throughout the altropics and subtropics (Gruber and Compagno, 1981; Castro, 1983). All thresher sharks possess an elongated upper caudal lobe, and the bigeye thresher shark is distinguished from the other alopiid sharks by its large upward-looking eyes and grooves on the top of the head (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948). Our present understanding of the bigeye thresher shark is primarily based upon data derived from specimens captured in fisheries, including knowledge of its morphological features (Fitch and Craig, 1964; Stillwell and Casey, 1976; Thorpe, 1997), geographic range as far as it overlaps with fisheries (Springer, 1943; Fitch and Craig, 1964; Stillwell and Casey, 1976; Gruber and Compagno, 1981; Thorpe, 1997), age, growth and maturity (Chen et al., 1997; Liu et al., 1998), and aspects of its reproductive biology (Gilmore, 1983; Moreno and Moron, 1992; Chen et al., 1997).

植物种群小尺度空间结构的数量分析

采用位置指数、分异指数、结构复杂性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及Ripley的K-方程，探讨了华南海岸英罗港红树植物木榄种群的分布格局、胸围和树高分异以及冠层结构方面的空间异质性。结果表明，多数木榄种群呈现随机分布，其个体胸围和树高的分异程度较低;而少数木榄种群呈现集群分布，其个体胸围和树高的分异程度明显。采用地理信息系统对木榄种群冠层和空隙斑块进行多种水平和垂直尺度的分析，冠层与空隙斑块之间的镶嵌格局因种群而异，这种格局可基于树冠投影用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数进行定量描述。冠层结构的空问异质性随空间尺度而变化，但这种变化在一定尺度范围内保持相对的稳定。这一尺度范围可作为木榄红树林更新或生态管理单位的参考尺度。 采用多重分形理论和方法对华南海岸北海红树林区红树植物白骨壤幼苗种群的分布格局进行了分析。结果表明，白骨壤幼苗种群的分布格局具有多标量和多重分形行为。随着q值由-2增加到4，Dq值介于1.078-1.997，f(a)值介于0.402-1.678，a(q)值介于0.909-2.480。多重分形的参数值与幼苗种群的集聚强度密切相关。差值（D。-D1）和[f(-1) –D]。是度量格局空间异质性程度的有效指数。海洋水文周期性规律、不同面积大小的裸地、树冠的阻拦作用等是制约白骨壤幼苗种群多重分形格局形成的主要因子。 采用地统计学理论和方法，对北京东灵山落叶松和胡桃楸针阔混交林下的克隆植物绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群的统计变量和土壤变量的空间格局进行了分析和比较。结果表明，绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群各器官生物量以及分株数和叶数的空间格局具有较高程度的异质性。总生物量以及茎、叶和根生物量的半方差函数曲线为指数模型，叶柄生物量、分株数和叶数的为球状模型，叶片生物量的为线性无基台值模型，而匍匐茎生物量的为纯块金效应模型。除叶片和匍匐茎的生物量外，其它器官生物量以及分株数和叶数由空间自相关引起的空间异质性．SHA主要表现在120-3 50cm的尺度范围内，SHA占总空间异质性的比例在50%以上。生境中，各种土壤变量的空间格局也具有较高程度的异质性。土壤含水量、NO3-、NH4+、有机质、全磷和PO4(3-)的半方差函数曲线为球状模型，而全氮、K+和pH的为指数模型。土壤变量由空间自相关引起的空间异质性SHA主要表现在8-lOOcm的尺度范围内，SHA占总空间异质性的比例在68%以上。绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群空间格局的自相关尺度显著大于其生境中土壤变量空间格局的自相关尺度，表明绢毛匍匐委陵菜通过匍匐茎相互联结的克隆分株种群对异质性土壤资源表现出较大的缓冲能力。绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株数的空间格局与土壤的含水量和全氮空间格局之间在几乎所有尺度上的相关性都不显著，但与其它土壤变量空间格局之间都存在不同程度的相关性，其中与NH4+、pH、PO4(3-)和全磷空间格局之间的相关性尺度范围较为明显和较大。通过分株数、叶数和生物量分配的可塑性变化，绢毛匍匐委陵菜分株种群的空间格局与土壤资源的空间格局之间产生相互联系，并随空间尺度的变化会发生改变。

Three-dimensional SBLI control for transonic airfoils

The application of shock control to transonic airfoils and wings has been demonstrated widely to have the potential to reduce wave drag. Most of the suggested control devices are two-dimensional, that is they are of uniform geometry in spanwise direction. Examples of such techniques include contour bumps and passive control. Recently it has been observed that a spanwise array of discrete three-dimensional controls can have similar benefits but also offer advantages in terms of installation complexity and drag. This paper describes research carried out in Cambridge into various three-dimensional devices, such as slots, grooves and bumps. In all cases the control device is applied to the interaction of a normal shock wave (M=1.3) with a turbulent boundary layer. Theoretical considerations are proposed to determine how such fundamental experiments can provide estimates of control performance on a transonic wing. The potential of each class of three-dimensional device for wave drag reduction on airfoils is discussed and surface bumps in particular are identified as offering potential drag savings for typical transonic wing applications under cruise conditions.

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症诊断试剂盒

本实用新型为一种阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症诊断试剂盒，主要由盒体(1)，盒体(1)内的蛇毒免疫调节因子(SVIRF)(2)，配套试剂(3)组成。用于诊断阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症，该试剂盒结构简单，操作方便，诊断准确率高，敏感性好，成本低，对设备要求不高，准确诊断率在92％以上。

原尾虫DNA序列变异及无翅类昆虫的系统进化

测定了3种原尾虫、5种跳虫和2种双尾虫约450bp的线粒体cytb基因序列。对核苷酸取代率进行了统计分析,计算了种间Kimura22因子遗传距离,用距离法和简约法构建了分子系统树。原尾虫、跳虫和双尾虫均形成单系群,原尾虫和跳虫为姊妹群,双尾虫则与有翅类昆虫亲缘相近。讨论了原尾虫等的系统发育和分类地位。