Risk factors of sunburns from occupational sun exposure in outdoor workers

Question: Outdoor workers can be exposed to intense ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation likely to results to sunburns. As sunburn is an important risk factor for skin cancer, in particular melanoma, we investigated the causes of occupational sunburns (OS) in French outdoor workers. Methods: A population-based survey was conducted in May-June 2012 through computer-assisted telephonic interviews in population 25 to 69 years of age. History of sunburn from occupational exposure within the year preceding interview was collected. We analysed the risk of OS in multivariate logistic regression. Results: Out of 1442 individuals who declared having an occupational exposure to solar UV radiation, 403 (27.9%) reported a sunburn from occupational exposure in the year preceding the interview. Sunburns were more frequent in women (30% vs. 26.4% in men although not significant p = 0.14), in younger workers (p = 0.0099), in sensitive phototype (40% in phototype I/II vs. 23% in phototype III/IV, p < 0.001) and in workers taking lunch outdoor (p = 0.0355). Some occupations were more associated with OS (more than 30%): health occupations, managing, research/engineering, construction workers and culture/art/social sciences workers. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for OS are phototype (I vs. IV, OR = 4.30 95% CI [2.65-6.98]), sunburn during leisure time (OR = 3.46 95% CI [2.62-4.59]), seasonality of exposure (seasonal vs. constant exposure OR = 1.36 95% CI [1.02-1.81] and annual UVA exposure (OR for 10J/m² daily average increment 1.08 95% CI [1.02-1.14]). In multivariate analysis the type of occupation was not associated with increased OS. Conclusion: Sunburns from occupation was also observed in non sensitive population, phototype IV, which shows that outdoor workers are potentially exposed to intense UV radiations. This study suggests that prevention should target UV sensitive outdoor workers as well as those cumulating intense UV exposure.

Determinantes del progreso en los estudios de doctorado. Diferencias entre disciplinas científico-tecnológicas versus ciencias sociales y humanidades

En numerosos países, incluido España, existen problemas en relación con las tasas de éxito en los estudios de doctorado. El trabajo que aquí se presenta fue diseñado con el fin de identificar los factores asociados con el progreso durante el tercer ciclo y la elaboración de las tesis doctorales en dos grupos disciplinares: científico-tecnológico versus humanidades y ciencias sociales. El artículo presenta la información obtenida a partir de un cuestionario aplicado a 81 estudiantes de doctorado de la Universidad de Girona, en relación con tres áreas de interés: variables económicas, personales y académicas que condicionan el éxito en el tercer ciclo. Los resultados muestran diferencias substanciales entre disciplinas. Los factores responsables de estas diferencias son, principalmente: la vinculación profesional a la universidad, la planificación del proyecto de investigación y los objetivos personales.

A statistical procedure for testing social reciprocity at group, dyadic and individual levels

This paper examines statistical analysis of social reciprocity, that is, the balance between addressing and receiving behaviour in social interactions. Specifically, it focuses on the measurement of social reciprocity by means of directionality and skew-symmetry statistics at different levels. Two statistics have been used as overall measures of social reciprocity at group level: the directional consistency and the skew-symmetry statistics. Furthermore, the skew-symmetry statistic allows social researchers to obtain complementary information at dyadic and individual levels. However, having computed these measures, social researchers may be interested in testing statistical hypotheses regarding social reciprocity. For this reason, it has been developed a statistical procedure, based on Monte Carlo sampling, in order to allow social researchers to describe groups and make statistical decisions.

Anàlisi del patrimoni proper com a recurs en la didàctica de les ciències socials

La pregunta inicial d’aquesta investigació rau en si el patrimoni proper és un recurs que facilita l’aprenentatge de les ciències socials als nens i nenes. Per tal de donar resposta a aquesta qüestió, s’ha estudiat la relació entre el patrimoni local i l’interès que genera. Per realitzar-ho, es van concretar uns ítems que han estat analitzats a partir d’un estudi de casos. Els participants d’aquesta investigació han estat un grup d’alumnes d’Educació Primària, els quals van realitzar una proposta didàctica on s’utilitzava el patrimoni proper com a eix vertebrador. També, han participat en aquesta investigació mestres d’escoles de Sant Celoni, els quals han expressat les vivències viscudes amb els seus alumnes en activitats que impliquen el patrimoni local. Finalment, s’ha analitzat la informació aportada per tots els participants i s’ha arribat a unes conclusions.

The gendering of excellence through quality criteria: the case of the SNSF Professorships in Switzerland

The Swiss National Science Foundation Professorships Programme is presented as a scientific programme that aims to promote outstanding young scholars to professorial positions. Academic excellence is presented as the main selection criterion. The emphasis put on the research portfolio and on the age of the candidates means that the beneficiaries of these professorships put forward an image of excellence that is more embedded in data-based sciences than in the humanities and social sciences, thus strengthening the domination of a sector scientific activity essentially occupied by men over the sector that has opened up more widely to women. This paper aims to deconstruct the criteria of academic excellence as they appear in this programme and to show that what seem quality criteria are in fact inspired by a specific androcentric model. These biases tend to undermine the gender equality aims of the programme.

Análisis bibliométrico sobre el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) en la educación superior a partir de la base de datos ERIC

[spa]El estudio bibliométrico descriptivo que sigue presenta tendencias de investigación sobre el aprendizaje basado en problemas entre 1974 y 2009. Se sirve de la base de datos ERIC y trabaja con una muestra de 1007 documentos. Se analizan los registros a tenor de cuatro variables: el año de publicación o realización, la titulación, el área de conocimiento y la tipología de investigación. En cuanto a la producción científica, pueden diferenciarse tres fases: la primera, de 1974 a 1989, supone el inicio de las publicaciones y muestra escasa relevancia estadística; la segunda, de crecimiento, durante la década de los 90 del pasado siglo; y la última, de maduración, desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2009. La distribución de los registros por sectores de conocimiento destaca Ciencias de la Salud, Ciencias Sociales y Enseñanzas Técnicas. Las titulaciones en las que más ha proliferado el ABP son Medicina, Económicas, Empresariales, Pedagogía, Formación del Profesorado y el conjunto de las ingenierías.

Surrogate science: The idol of a universal method for scientific inference

The application of statistics to science is not a neutral act. Statistical tools have shaped and were also shaped by its objects. In the social sciences, statistical methods fundamentally changed research practice, making statistical inference its centerpiece. At the same time, textbook writers in the social sciences have transformed rivaling statistical systems into an apparently monolithic method that could be used mechanically. The idol of a universal method for scientific inference has been worshipped since the "inference revolution" of the 1950s. Because no such method has ever been found, surrogates have been created, most notably the quest for significant p values. This form of surrogate science fosters delusions and borderline cheating and has done much harm, creating, for one, a flood of irreproducible results. Proponents of the "Bayesian revolution" should be wary of chasing yet another chimera: an apparently universal inference procedure. A better path would be to promote both an understanding of the various devices in the "statistical toolbox" and informed judgment to select among these.

The multi-facets of sustainable nanotechnology : lessons from a nanosafety symposium

An international symposium for nanosafety was held recently at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Topics relating to understanding nanomaterial properties, tools, and infrastructure required for predicting hazardous outcomes, measuring nanomaterial exposure levels, systems approach for risk assessment and public's perception of nanotechnology were covered. The need for a multidisciplinary approach, across both natural and social sciences, for developing sustainable nanotechnology solutions was heavily emphasized. This commentary highlights the major issues discussed and the commitment of the nanosafety research community in Singapore to contribute collectively to realise the vision of sustainable nanotechnology.

REGSTATTOOLS: freeware statistical tools for the analysis of disease population databases used in health and social studies

Background: The repertoire of statistical methods dealing with the descriptive analysis of the burden of a disease has been expanded and implemented in statistical software packages during the last years. The purpose of this paper is to present a web-based tool, REGSTATTOOLS http://regstattools.net intended to provide analysis for the burden of cancer, or other group of disease registry data. Three software applications are included in REGSTATTOOLS: SART (analysis of disease"s rates and its time trends), RiskDiff (analysis of percent changes in the rates due to demographic factors and risk of developing or dying from a disease) and WAERS (relative survival analysis). Results: We show a real-data application through the assessment of the burden of tobacco-related cancer incidence in two Spanish regions in the period 1995-2004. Making use of SART we show that lung cancer is the most common cancer among those cancers, with rising trends in incidence among women. We compared 2000-2004 data with that of 1995-1999 to assess percent changes in the number of cases as well as relative survival using RiskDiff and WAERS, respectively. We show that the net change increase in lung cancer cases among women was mainly attributable to an increased risk of developing lung cancer, whereas in men it is attributable to the increase in population size. Among men, lung cancer relative survival was higher in 2000-2004 than in 1995-1999, whereas it was similar among women when these time periods were compared. Conclusions: Unlike other similar applications, REGSTATTOOLS does not require local software installation and it is simple to use, fast and easy to interpret. It is a set of web-based statistical tools intended for automated calculation of population indicators that any professional in health or social sciences may require.

Forecasting a language shift based on cellular automata

Language extinction as a consequence of language shifts is a widespread social phenomenon that affects several million people all over the world today. An important task for social sciences research should therefore be to gain an understanding of language shifts, especially as a way of forecasting the extinction or survival of threatened languages, i.e., determining whether or not the subordinate language will survive in communities with a dominant and a subordinate language. In general, modeling is usually a very difficult task in the social sciences, particularly when it comes to forecasting the values of variables. However, the cellular automata theory can help us overcome this traditional difficulty. The purpose of this article is to investigate language shifts in the speech behavior of individuals using the methodology of the cellular automata theory. The findings on the dynamics of social impacts in the field of social psychology and the empirical data from language surveys on the use of Catalan in Valencia allowed us to define a cellular automaton and carry out a set of simulations using that automaton. The simulation results highlighted the key factors in the progression or reversal of a language shift and the use of these factors allowed us to forecast the future of a threatened language in a bilingual community.

Ensenyar la ciutat o aprendre de la ciutat: l'exemple de Barcelona

L"article mostra, a través de l"exemple de Barcelona, com la ciutat s"ha anat consolidant en el decurs del segle XX com un instrument bàsic per a l"aprenentatge de les ciències socials en els diferents nivells educatius. En aquest sentit destaca després d"un breu anàlisi dels precedents històrics en l"ensenyament de la ciutat les primeres experiències didàctiques desenvolupades en la dècada de 1930 amb els importants moviments de renovació pedagògica. També s"estudien els factors específics que, en el cas barceloní, han possibilitat en els darrers vint-i-cinc anys l"eclosió de materials didàctics sobre la ciutat, com ara l"important protagonisme del professorat en coincidència amb els nous plantejaments de les disciplines referents, el despertar d"una consciència ciutadana, el suport dels professionals dedicats a la ciutat i les iniciatives desenvolupades per l"Ajuntament de Barcelona. D"ara endavant s"obre el nou repte d"inserir amb més claredat aquesta eina educativa que és la ciutat en el currículum escolar, a partir del suport de les noves tecnologies i amb estreta connexió amb les disciplines referents com la Geografia, la Història i la resta de Ciències Socials.

The Life-World and Its Multiple Realities: Alfred Schütz's Contribution to the Understanding of the Experience of Illness

Alfred Schütz original contribution to the social sciences refers to his analysis of the structure of the "life-world". This article aims to invigorate interest in the work of this author, little known in the field of health psychology. Key concepts of Schütz' approach will be presented in relation to their potential interest to the understanding of the experience of illness. In particular, we develop the main characteristics of the everyday life and its cognitive style, that is, its finite province of meaning. We propose to adopt this notion to define the experience of chronic or serious illness when the individual is confronted to the medical world. By articulating this analysis with literature in health psychology, we argue that Schütz's perspective brings useful insight to the field, namely because of its ability to study meaning constructions by overcoming the trap of solipsism by embracing intersubjectivity. The article concludes by outlining both, the limitations and research perspectives brought by this phenomenological analysis of the experiences of health and illness.

Tales of the City. Storytelling as a contemporary tool of urban planning and design

Almost thirty years ago, as the social sciences underwent their 'discursive turn', Bernardo Secchi (1984) drew, in what he called the 'urban planning narrative', the attention of planners to the production of myths, turning an activity often seen as primarily technical into one centred around the production of images and ideas. This conception of planning practice gave rise to a powerful current of research in English-speaking countries. Efforts were made to both combine the urban planning narrative with storytelling and to establish storytelling as a prescriptive or descriptive model for planning practice. Thus, just as storytelling is supposed to have led democratic communication off track through a pronounced concern for a good story, storytelling applied to the field of urban production may have led to an increasing preoccupation with staging and showmanship for projects to the detriment of their real inclusion in political debate. It is this possible transformation of the territorial action that will be the focus of the articles collected in this special issue of Articulo - Journal of urban research.

CLARIN: common language resources and technology infrastructure

Presentamos el proyecto CLARIN, un proyecto cuyo objetivo es potenciar el uso de instrumentos tecnológicos en la investigación en las Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales

Kansanterveystiede

Kansanterveystieteen pääkokoelma sijaitsee Terveystieteiden osastokirjastossa, jossa painettu yleiskokoelma koostuu 970 nimekkeestä monografioita (painettujen monografiasarjojen osat mukana luvussa). Kansanterveystieteen kokoelmasta 18 % (175) käsittelee tilastoja; näistä teoria- ja menetelmäkirjallisuutta on noin 13 % (122). Yleisteoksien osuus kokoelmasta on vajaa 14 % (130). Muita kokoelman keskeisiä alueita ovat mm. työterveys (12 % / 117), terveydenhuollon hallinto (13 % / 125), eri väestöryhmien terveysongelmat (8 % / 81), terveyskasvatus (9 % / 84) sekä sosiaalilääketiede (4 % / 44). Kansanterveystiede on käsikirjaston hyllyluokittelussa osana lääketiedettä. Kansanterveystieteen nimekkeitä on käsikirjaston kokoelmasta 17 kappaletta, joista pääosa sanakirjoja (8 kpl) ja tilastoja (6 kpl). Painettuja lehtiä on 8 nimekettä (Environment and Health, Journal of Public Mental Health, Kansanterveys, Promo: Terveyden edistämisen lehti, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Salud publica de Mexico, Työ ja ihminen, Työ terveys turvallisuus). Sähkökirjoja kokoelmassa on noin 450 nimekettä Ebrary-tietokannassa, Netlibraryssa 8 nimekettä ja Taylor & Francis –tietokannassa 1 nimeke ja elektronisia sanastoja 4 (FinMESH, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon sanastoja (STAKES), Swedish MeSH). Verkkolehtiä kokoelmassa on 400 nimekettä, joista 35 % vapaasti käytettävissä verkossa. ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports –tietokannan listaamista alan keskeisistä 98 nimekkeestä kokoelmissa on 78 % (76 nimekettä). Lehdistä, joiden IF-arvo on suurempi kuin 2, oli kokoelmissa 88 % (30 / 34). IF -välillä 1-1.99 vastaava luku oli 84 % (32 / 38) ja välillä 0–0.99 54 % (14 / 26). Tietokantoja on 36; mm. lehtitietokanta ScienceDirect ja viitetietokantoja mm. EBM Reviews: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LEO, Medic, Medline (Ovid), Science Citation Index Expanded (ISI), Social Sciences Citation Index (ISI), Tyki.