Sistema automatizado de alimentação de juvenis de tilápia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evolução do temperamento de bovinos de corte mantidos a pasto e frequentemente manejados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Avaliação nutricional de silagem de restos culturais de abacaxi pérola

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Physiological and production response of dairy goats bred in a tropical climate

The aim of this work was to determine the adaptability of Saanen and A1/2Saanen x A1/2Anglo-Nubian (A1/2SA1/2AN) goats bred in tropical climates. The study included 30 goats, 15 Saanen and 15 A1/2SA1/2AN. The data was collected during the rainy and dry seasons. During the whole experimental period, the environment variables were recorded, as well as rectal temperature (RT), superficial temperature (ST), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) and milk production (MP). The adaptability coefficient (AC) was calculated for both genotypes. The averages were evaluated by ANOVA at 5 % probability. There was a genotype and period of year effect, as well as the interaction genotype x period of year. Pearson's simple correlation analysis was then carried out between milk production and physiological and environment variables. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between the seasons for RT, ST and RR. RT, RR and HR were lower for A1/2SA1/2AN than Saanen goats, regardless of the season. MP was greater in the dry season (p < 0.05) (2.52 A +/- 0.50 kg/day for A1/2SA1/2AN and 2.41 A +/- 0.38 kg/day for Saanen) than the rainy season (2.17 A +/- 0.27 kg/day for A1/2SA1/2AN and 2.28 A +/- 0.53 kg/day for Saanen). The MP correlations were very significant (p < 0.05), however low and negative, where it was higher when correlated with RR in Saanen goats. Under the conditions of the present study, it is concluded that the goats were influenced by climatic factors, where the rainy period was more likely to cause thermal stress in the animals.

Short-wave solar radiation level willingly tolerated by lactating Holstein cows in an equatorial semi-arid environment

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Phenothiazine Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy

Objective: This study sought to assess if discoloration of tooth structures occurs after photodynamic therapy (PDT) and to determine the efficacy of a protocol to remove the photosensitizers. Background data: PDT has been used in root canal treatment to enhance cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system. PDT uses a low power laser in association with a dye as a photosensitizer. Photosensitizers can induce staining of the dental structures, resulting in an unaesthetic appearance. Methods: Forty teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the photosensitizer used and pre-irradiation time: 0.01% methylene blue for 5 min (MB5); 0.01% methylene blue for 10 min (MB 10); 0.01% toluidine blue for 5 min (TB5); and 0.01% toluidine blue for 10 min (TB 10). Specimens were irradiated with a 660 nm diode laser with a 300 mu m diameter optical fiber, at 40 mW power setting for 3 min. Immediately after, the photosensitizers were removed with Endo-PTC cream +2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The shade was measured by a Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer based on the CIELAB color system (L*a*b* values) at three different experimental times: before PDT (T0), immediately after PDT (T1), and after removal of the photosensitizer (T2). Results: The results showed a decrease in the averages of the L*a*b* coordinate values after PDT (T1) in all the groups, when compared with the number at T0, with a significant statistical difference in group MB10. After photosensitizer removal (T2), all the values of the coordinates increased with significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) between T1 and T2 in L* and a*. Conclusions: It can be concluded that both methylene blue and toluidine blue dyes cause tooth discoloration, and that Endo-PTC cream associated with 2.5% NaOCl effectively remove these dyes, regardless of the pre-irradiation time used for PDT.

Sexual Precocity of Nellore Bulls that are Offspring of Super Precocious, Precocious and Normal Cows in Extensive Farming Conditions

Contents The objective of this work was to verify that mothers classified as super precocious (M1) and precocious (M2) produce more precocious bulls than females classified as normal (M3). This study included 21186 animals with an average age of 21.29 +/- 1.77months that underwent a breeding soundness evaluation from 1999 to 2008. Of these animals, 2019, 6059 and 13108 were offspring of M1, M2 and M3 females, respectively. In the breeding soundness examination, the animals were classified as sound for reproduction, sound under a natural mating regime, unsound for reproduction and discarded. To compare the averages obtained for each category of mother within the individual breeding soundness classes, a chi-square test with a 5% error probability was used, considering the effects of year and month of birth and farm. For the three classes of mothers (M1, M2 and M3), 67.26, 67.22 and 64.16% of bull calves were considered sound for reproduction and 19.71, 19.46 and 21.90% were considered unsound for reproduction, respectively. There was no difference in the frequency of animals that were sound for reproduction under the natural breeding regime between the three classes of mothers (8.87, 9.31 and 9.19%, respectively). There was a difference between the numbers of precocious and normal females that were discarded, with frequencies of 4.01 and 4.75%, respectively (p<0.05). There were differences in year and month of birth and farm between super precocious and precocious cows in relation to the breeding soundness classification of the animals. It was concluded that the bull offspring of super precocious and precocious cows presented a higher percentage of approval in the breeding soundness examination than the bull offspring of normal cows, demonstrating that the selection for precocity of females has contributed to an increase in the sexual precocity of the herd in relation to the sexual maturity of bulls.

Ciclagem de nutrientes em mangueira

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Valor nutricional de silagem de capim-mombaça com aditivos agroindustriais

It was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of grass silage-mombasa associated with different additives in four times of opening the silo. The experiment was conducted in UFGD. After harvesting the forage, biomass in natura crushed, was taken to the lab, homogenized and enriched on the basis of natural mass, with the following additives: 5% wheat bran, 5% of waste (broken grain and soy ice cream cone) of soybean, 5% urea in natural matter and the witness (without additive). The silos were opened after (unprocessed material), 15, 30 and 45 days, for the analysis of chemical composition. The data obtained were analyzed through the statistical programme SISVAR and averages were compared to 5% of probability, by Skott-Knot. The grass silage-mombasa without additive presented major (P<0.05) dry matter content compared to other treatments at time 0 and 30 days of silage and did not differ (P>0.05) of grass silage- mombasa associated with 5 of urea in 15 days and 45 of silage. The grass silage-mombasa with 5% urea showed the highest crude protein content at time 0 and differed from other treatments. The silage of mombasa associated with 5% urea provided greater in vitro digestibility of dry matter to 15 days of silage.

Desempenho e digestibilidade de componentes nutritivos de dietas contendo subprodutos de leaginosas na alimentação de cordeiros

The aim of this work was evaluate introduction of byproducts of oleaginous in lambs feeding. Diets were composed for 30% of Tifton hay and 70% of concentrate based on corn grain, soybean meal, soybean cake, sunflower cake and peanut cake, limestone and mineral mixture, as dites: FS - control with soybean meal, TS - soybean cake as part of the concentrate, TG sunflower cake as part of the concentrate and TA - peanut cake as part of the concentrate. For performance evaluating 24 Santa Ines lambs with initial age and weight of 70 days and 19 +/- 2 kg, according to a completely randomized design. For digestive evaluate, weight Santa Ines sheep with initial age and weight of 70 days and 16 +/- 1.2 kg, adapted to the use of bag, for collect feces. Animals were distributed in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin Square and means were compared by Tukey's test with 5% significance level. By the performance trial, duration of confinement, weight gain, fed conversion and the dry matter intake were not affected (P>0,05), with averages of 54.29 days, 259 g/day, 4.29 kg of DM/kg and 1.32 kg/day, respectively. There were no difference P>0,05) for intake DM, OM, CP, CT and CE among diets, digestibility trial with averages of 76.23; 74.47; 76.44; 41.12; 73.00 and 93.00%, respectively. There were no differences for digestibility DM, OM, CP, ADF, CT and NCF. The partial substitution of the soybean meal for byproducts of oleaginous was a good proteic alternative in the feeding of lambs.

Produção de leite, duração da lactação e intervalo de partos em búfalas mestiças Murrah

This study aimed to evaluate the potential for milk production (MP), lactation length (LL) and calving interval (CI), analyze the environmental component affecting these traits, and to estimate the heritability and repeatability for milk production in crossbreds of Murrah buffalo cows in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data was composed of 487 observations of MP from 136 lactations recorded between the years of 2000 and 2010. In the analysis of variance for PL, the fixed effects were season (1- October to March, 2 -April to September) and year of the beginning of lactation, calving order and the LL (covariate). For the analysis of LL only the fixed effect of year of the beginning of lactation was included, and finally for the CI analysis, year of the beginning of lactation and calving order. The estimates of covariance were obtained using unicharacteristic analysis by Bayesian inference method, applyingan animal model, through Gibbs sampling. The additive genetic, permanent environment and residual effects were included as random effects in the model. The averages (sd) of MP, LL and CI were 2,218.03 kg (408.18), 282.59 days (39.48) e 422.49 days (91.05), respectively. All the effects included in the models were important (P<0.01). The estimates of heritability and repeatability for PL were 0.29 and 0.69, respectively. The results suggest that there is a moderate genetic variability among individuals for PL, indicating the possibility to obtain gain using selection.

Caracterização molecular do gene que codifica a TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein) em tomate (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara)

The gene encoding TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein) is present in all eukaryotes and its product is involved in various cellular processes. Although well characterized in mammals, there are only few works available in the literature related to the analysis of this protein in plants. In this present work, the expression of the gene encoding TCTP was analyzed in different organs/tissues of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara). A quantification performed by RT-qPCR revealed the presence of TCTP transcript in all tissues/organs analyzed, with the highest expression level found in leaves. With the exception of fruits in intermediate stage of maturation, for which a small increase on the expression was detected, there was minimal variation in the relative expression of TCTP in other organ/tissues. In parallel, the effects of the constitutive expression of TCTP were investigated using transgenic tobacco lines able to overexpress this protein at different levels (T1, T2 and T3). Seedlings of these lines, and of a non-transgenic control line, were grown in MS culture medium for 21 days. At the end of this period, the length of roots and leaves was taken and the seedlings were photographed. According to Tukey's test, the analysis of the mean root length revealed a significant difference between T1 and T3 lines when compared to the control, although the same was not observed for the T2 line. For leaves, according to Kruskal-Wallis test, there was a statistical difference between the averages of leaf growth obtained for the different lines evaluated. According to these results, we can conclude that TCTP shows an ubiquitous expression in tomato plants, with the highest expression detected in leaves, and also that its overexpression promoted a higher root and leaf development in two of three transgenic tobacco lines tested

Circulação atmosférica e precipitação pluviométrica na Bacia do Itajaí - SC: um estudo climatológico aplicado

The work is guided by the detailing of the Itajaí river basin, SC, rainfall dynamics at the annual, seasonal and monthly levels, allowing us to identify different responses that each location gives to the regional atmospheric circulation, particularly the rainfall. In this sense, we are aiming at approaching the concept of rhythm, which must be obtained at the daily level. The analysis at different climate scales was possible through isohyetal maps, trend lines, and Schroeder pluviographs. Moreover, we established the flow rate of the air masses by means of the Venn diagram. This data made it possible to assess the behavior of rains on that site and the reason why it is the stage of major flooding, as occurred in November 2008. The relatively mountainous topography combined with the frequent invasions of the Atlantic Polar Front, which often stop over the region, generate events of that magnitude, with high volumes accumulated in short periods of time. Such extreme events reinforce the idea of the search for the succession of types of weather to the detriment of averages that tend to abstract the reality

Estudo de doses e otimização de carta técnica na transição de radiologia convencional para computacional em diagnósticos veterinários

This project aims the verification of doses in canines and felines to chest and coxal exams due to the transition from screen-film to computed radiography system. It also seeks a possible optimization of the new techniques employed in this new system. The study was carried out in Diagnostic Imaging service in Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo using a conventional x-ray equipment. Initially, data about the physical characteristics of animals and the technique currently used in computed radiography was collected for each of 80 chest and 16 coxal X-ray examinations. The animals were divided into different groups according to the body weight. For each group, were calculated the averages of each item: thickness of the region to be imaged, voltage, current, exposure time, current-time product, size of film used, presence or absence of bucky and focus (small or large). The techniques have been reproduced in phantoms (representative of the thickness of the animal) in order to collect the air kerma entrance. Based on the average of intermediate size M group (weights less than 5 kg for cats and from 10.1 kg and 20 kg for dogs) analysis of image quality using three devices test patterns were made consisting of the evaluation of spatial resolution, low-contrast resolution and contrast-detail. In general, the results showed the dose animals decreased with the use of computed radiography and was possible to preliminary optimization of some techniques used currently in CR

As vazões de outorga das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Aguapeí e Peixe

This work presents procedures for getting data to estimate grant flow by means of statistical and hydrological methods, acquired during the graduate course, of some streams in the watersheds of Aguapeí and Peixe rivers, in order to make available this data set to Sao Paulo State water and electrical energy department – DAEE and to the Committees of Aguapeí and Peixe watersheds. This study was performed using discharge data and the were a selection process to identify some faults in the historical series. Finally it was calculated the 7-day moving averages, Q7 and some characteristics discharges like Q90 and Q95. Taking into account the average discharge en seven days in a 10-year recurrence interval, it was estimated the grant flow of some streams. Data were generated for six posts inside the Aguapei and Peixe watersheds