Mercado de trabajo y condicionamiento por color de piel en grandes centros urbanos de la Argentina

La discriminación por aspecto físico, y más en particular, el trato diferenciado hacia personas cuyos rasgos remiten a un origen entendido como indígena o no-europeo, constituye un problema escasamente tratado en los estudios de la desigualdad en la Argentina. Esta carencia, sumada a la falta de una articulación en las explicaciones de estos mecanismos relacionados con las desigualdades derivadas de las condiciones de clase, con frecuencia opacan el estudio del fenómeno profundizando sus efectos de invisibilidad. En este sentido, se mantienen ocultas las dificultades que afrontan quienes poseen estos rasgos para sobreponerse a prejuicios que reeditan cotidianamente principios racistas que asocian los rasgos nativos con la delincuencia, la falta de capacidades y saberes y, en términos generales, con la inferioridad socialmente entendida. En este artículo se investiga la incidencia del trato desigual basado en el aspecto físico -en particular, en el color de piel- sobre los logros laborales en una muestra de 2.500 personas de grandes centros urbanos de la Argentina en el año 2007. La discriminación por rasgos físicos, como efecto de la persistencia de principios operativos basados en la racialización de las interacciones sociales, pone de manifiesto la continuidad de principios jerárquicos, simbólicos y materiales que obstruyen la posibilidad de una mayor igualdad en el desarrollo cotidiano de las condiciones de vida de las personas

Mercado de trabajo y condicionamiento por color de piel en grandes centros urbanos de la Argentina

La discriminación por aspecto físico, y más en particular, el trato diferenciado hacia personas cuyos rasgos remiten a un origen entendido como indígena o no-europeo, constituye un problema escasamente tratado en los estudios de la desigualdad en la Argentina. Esta carencia, sumada a la falta de una articulación en las explicaciones de estos mecanismos relacionados con las desigualdades derivadas de las condiciones de clase, con frecuencia opacan el estudio del fenómeno profundizando sus efectos de invisibilidad. En este sentido, se mantienen ocultas las dificultades que afrontan quienes poseen estos rasgos para sobreponerse a prejuicios que reeditan cotidianamente principios racistas que asocian los rasgos nativos con la delincuencia, la falta de capacidades y saberes y, en términos generales, con la inferioridad socialmente entendida. En este artículo se investiga la incidencia del trato desigual basado en el aspecto físico -en particular, en el color de piel- sobre los logros laborales en una muestra de 2.500 personas de grandes centros urbanos de la Argentina en el año 2007. La discriminación por rasgos físicos, como efecto de la persistencia de principios operativos basados en la racialización de las interacciones sociales, pone de manifiesto la continuidad de principios jerárquicos, simbólicos y materiales que obstruyen la posibilidad de una mayor igualdad en el desarrollo cotidiano de las condiciones de vida de las personas

TTIP and Climate Change – How real are Race to the Bottom Concerns?

This paper examines concerns about the impact that TTIP could have on existing and future climate policies and laws from the inclusion of provisions on investment protection including investor-to-State dispute settlement (ISDS), the reduction of non-tariff barriers and the introduction of rules for trade in energy and raw materials. It argues that from an environmental perspective, ISDS should not necessarily be seen as a regime that goes against the defence of the environment or prevention of climate change. Although it might be used to challenge policies of an EU home State that increase levels of environmental protection, it can also be used to contest changes in an EU home State’s environmental policies that would reduce the protection of the environment, if foreign investment is affected. To a large extent, this also holds true for other areas of TTIP negotiations. While the achievement of a balance between rules that promote trade and those that maintain policy space for governments to respond to environmental concerns has to be closely monitored, benefits for climate could be seized from harmonisation of carbon laws at the level of the strictest regulations of two parties, provisions that promote trade in low carbon technologies and renewable energy and bilateral cooperation on climate change.

Slow and steady wins the race : how the garment industry leads industrialization in low-income countries

This paper investigates how the garment industry escapes this vicious cycle and argues for the validity of labor-intensive industry as a starting point for full-fledged industrialization, even though it might at first seem to be a digression from the path to an innovation-led economy. By examining original firm-level data on garment-producing firms collected in 2002 and 2008 in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kenya and Madagascar, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) low wages, though still sufficient for poverty reduction, are the main source of competitiveness in low-income countries; (2) after the successful initiation of industrialization causes wages to begin to rise, there is still a possibility for productivity enhancement; and (3) skill bias in technological progress is not yet a major factor, implying that the garment industry is still a labor-intensive industry. In sum, labor-intensive industry should not be discounted as a part of the development strategy of low-income countries.

Velero de competición capacitado para la regata alrededor del mundo “Volvo Ocean Race.”

TIPO DE BUQUE: Velero de competición capacitado para la regata alrededor del mundo “Volvo Ocean Race.” REGLAMENTOS: Reglas de la clase: Volvo Ocean 60 rule 2000 + changes CLASIFICACIÓN: ABS Guide for Building and Classing Offshore Racing Yachts 1994 incorporating Notice #1 DESPLAZAMIENTO MÁXIMO: 15000 KG CALADO MÁXIMO: 3.75 m ESLORA MÁXIMA: 23.5 m CONSTRUCCIÓN: Casco: Materiales compuestos. Mástil: materiales compuestos sin núcleo o aluminio. INSTALACIÓN ELÉCTRICA: 24V DC con un motor auxiliar y al menos dos alternadores independientes. SISTEMA DE PROPULSIÓN: Vela, aparejo tipo Sloop. Motor propulsivo de emergencia con hélice plegable de dos palas capaz de dar 7 nudos en condiciones de mar en calma ALOJAMIENTO: para 12 tripulantes REQUERIMIENTOS: Desaladora-potabilizadora, radar, GPS, GMDSS, comunicaciones por satélite Inmarsat B y C, sistema de gobierno de emergencia, calefacción, bombas de lastre, sistema de corrección de escora mediante tanques de lastre liquido.

Real-time image processing for crop/weed discrimination in maize fields

This paper presents a computer vision system that successfully discriminates between weed patches and crop rows under uncontrolled lighting in real-time. The system consists of two independent subsystems, a fast image processing delivering results in real-time (Fast Image Processing, FIP), and a slower and more accurate processing (Robust Crop Row Detection, RCRD) that is used to correct the first subsystem's mistakes. This combination produces a system that achieves very good results under a wide variety of conditions. Tested on several maize videos taken of different fields and during different years, the system successfully detects an average of 95% of weeds and 80% of crops under different illumination, soil humidity and weed/crop growth conditions. Moreover, the system has been shown to produce acceptable results even under very difficult conditions, such as in the presence of dramatic sowing errors or abrupt camera movements. The computer vision system has been developed for integration into a treatment system because the ideal setup for any weed sprayer system would include a tool that could provide information on the weeds and crops present at each point in real-time, while the tractor mounting the spraying bar is moving

Validation of microsatellite markers for cytotype discrimination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

Brachypodium distachyon (2n = 2x = 10) is a small annual grass species where the existence of three different cytotypes (10, 20 and 30 chromosomes) has long been regarded as a case of autopolyploid series, with x = 5. However, it has been demonstrated that the cytotypes assumed to be polyploids represent two separate Brachypodium species recently named as B. stacei (2n = 2x = 20) and B. hybridum (2n = 4x = 30). The aim of this study was to find a PCR-based alternative approach that could replace standard cytotyping methods (i. e., chromosome counting and flow cytometry) to characterize each of the three Brachypodium species. We have analyzed with four microsatellite (SSR) markers eighty-three Brachypodium distachyon-type lines from varied locations in Spain, including the Balearic and Canary Islands. Within this set of lines, 64, 4 and 15 had 10, 20 and 30 chromosomes, respectively. The surveyed markers produced cytotype-specific SSR profiles. So, a single amplification product was generated in the diploid samples, with non-overlapping allelic ranges between the 2n = 10 and 2n = 20 cytotypes, whereas two bands, one in the size range of each of the diploid cytotypes, were amplified in the 2n = 30 lines. Furthermore, the remarkable size difference obtained with the SSR ALB165 allowed the identification of the Brachypodium species by simple agarose gel electrophoresis.

Time-Frequency based Feature Selection for Discrimination of non stationary Biosignals.

This research proposes a generic methodology for dimensionality reduction upon time-frequency representations applied to the classification of different types of biosignals. The methodology directly deals with the highly redundant and irrelevant data contained in these representations, combining a first stage of irrelevant data removal by variable selection, with a second stage of redundancy reduction using methods based on linear transformations. The study addresses two techniques that provided a similar performance: the first one is based on the selection of a set of the most relevant time?frequency points, whereas the second one selects the most relevant frequency bands. The first methodology needs a lower quantity of components, leading to a lower feature space; but the second improves the capture of the time-varying dynamics of the signal, and therefore provides a more stable performance. In order to evaluate the generalization capabilities of the methodology proposed it has been applied to two types of biosignals with different kinds of non-stationary behaviors: electroencephalographic and phonocardiographic biosignals. Even when these two databases contain samples with different degrees of complexity and a wide variety of characterizing patterns, the results demonstrate a good accuracy for the detection of pathologies, over 98%.The results open the possibility to extrapolate the methodology to the study of other biosignals.

A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements

biomecanica de la natación

Discrimination of AE Signals From Friction and Concrete Cracking in a Reinforced Concrete Frame Subjected to Seismic Trainings

This paper shows the preliminary results of the development and application of a procedure to filter the Acoustic Emission (AE) signals to distinguish between AE signals coming from friction and AE signals coming from concrete cracking. These signals were recorded during the trainings of an experiment carried out on a reinforced concrete frame subjected to dynamic loadings with the shaking table of the University of Granada (Spain). Discrimination between friction and cracking AE signals is the base to develop a successful procedure and damage index based on AE testing for health monitoring of RC structures subjected to earthquakes.

Guiding functional connectivity estimation by structural connectivity in MEG: an application to discrimination of mild cognitive impaired conditions

Whole brain resting state connectivity is a promising biomarker that might help to obtain an early diagnosis in many neurological diseases, such as dementia. Inferring resting-state connectivity is often based on correlations, which are sensitive to indirect connections, leading to an inaccurate representation of the real backbone of the network. The precision matrix is a better representation for whole brain connectivity, as it considers only direct connections. The network structure can be estimated using the graphical lasso (GL), which achieves sparsity through l1-regularization on the precision matrix. In this paper, we propose a structural connectivity adaptive version of the GL, where weaker anatomical connections are represented as stronger penalties on the corre- sponding functional connections. We applied beamformer source reconstruction to the resting state MEG record- ings of 81 subjects, where 29 were healthy controls, 22 were single-domain amnestic Mild Cognitive Impaired (MCI), and 30 were multiple-domain amnestic MCI. An atlas-based anatomical parcellation of 66 regions was ob- tained for each subject, and time series were assigned to each of the regions. The fiber densities between the re- gions, obtained with deterministic tractography from diffusion-weighted MRI, were used to define the anatomical connectivity. Precision matrices were obtained with the region specific time series in five different frequency bands. We compared our method with the traditional GL and a functional adaptive version of the GL, in terms of log-likelihood and classification accuracies between the three groups. We conclude that introduc- ing an anatomical prior improves the expressivity of the model and, in most cases, leads to a better classification between groups.

Effects of different swimming race constraints on turning movements

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different swimming race constraints on the evolution of turn parameters. One hundred and fifty-eight national and regional level 200-m (meters) male swimming performances were video-analyzed using the individualized-distance model in the Open Comunidad de Madrid tournament. Turn (p < .001, ES = 0.36) and underwater distances (p < .001, ES = 0.38) as well as turn velocity (p < .001, ES = 0.69) significantly dropped throughout the race, although stroke velocity and underwater velocity were maintained in the last lap of the race (p > .05). Higher expertise swimmers obtained faster average velocities and longer distances in all the turn phases (p < .001, ES = 0.59), except the approach distance. In addition, national level swimmers showed the ability to maintain most of the turn parameters throughout the race, which assisted them in improving average velocity at the end of races. Therefore, the variations in the turning movements of a swimming race were expertise-related and focused on optimizing average velocity. Turning skills should be included in the swimming race action plan.