994 resultados para Publicidade comercial, regulação


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En esta nota técnica se presentan algunas de las razones que explican el bajo crecimiento de la economía mexicana y las dificultades exhibidas en la generación de empleos, pese a la favorable evolución experimentada por sus exportaciones. Se plantea que los bajos encadenamientos productivos domésticos reflejan un bajo nivel de articulación intersectorial, que ha impedido dinamizar a los distintos sectores productivos del país. Esta falta de conectividad del entramado productivo doméstico se traduce en que los estímulos que se destinan a un determinado sector no se dispersen al resto de la economía y que, por lo tanto, tengan un efecto muy limitado en la generación de valor agregado doméstico y en el crecimiento. En particular, los sectores de “equipo eléctrico y maquinaria” y “equipo de transporte”, que en forma conjunta representaron un 55,4% de las exportaciones brutas de México en 2011 y que, por ende, son los llamados a constituirse en los motores del crecimiento del país, en la práctica aportaron sólo un 23,4% del valor agregado nacional.

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Incluye bibliografía.

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Incluye bibliografía.

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En el presente informe se analiza la dinámica reciente de las relaciones comerciales entre este país centroamericano y Chile. Con ello se busca detectar espacios para la ampliación y diversificación de dicho comercio, especialmente desde Guatemala hacia Chile. Se hace presente que ello no depende solo de la remoción de los obstáculos existentes al comercio bilateral, sino de múltiples otros factores. Este informe tiene como principal valor agregado un análisis del comportamiento de las empresas en el comercio bilateral, en términos de su cantidad, tamaño, concentración y permanencia.

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Coffee is one of the most valuable exported agricultural product worldwide as well as the second most traded commodity after oil. This crop represents a source of employment and considerably accounts for the revenue of the country, besides its undeniable importance for local and world socioeconomical scenery. The quality of the coffee drink is directly related to the fruit ripening stage, which is found in different stages at harvesting due to the sequential flowering, increasing costs with the production and generating a lower-quality beverage. The asynchronous flowering of the coffee tree comes from the uneven development of buds, which can be influenced by environmental factors, taking into account that the anthesis takes place after a water deficit period, followed by precipitation. Changes in the hormone balance have been observed after water deficit and rehydration cycles, and such oscillation on the water status of the plant increased the level of ethylene in some species. This finding led to the association between the requirements at the flowering stage of the coffee tree and the involvement of the ethylene in promoting anthesis. The application of 1- MCP (ethylene action inhibitor) triggered the anthesis in coffee trees. And, in coffee seedlings in greenhouse conditions after a period of water shortage followed by irrigation, the profile of gene expression of the biosynthesis route and signaling of ethylene are changed in leaves and roots. The increased levels of the ethylene precursor (ACC) in roots throughout the dry season and the transportation of this compound into shoots may be the signal to trigger the anthesis in coffee tree after rehydration. Thus, in order to better understand the role of the ethylene in regulation of flowering, we analyzed the effects of the exogenous application of 1-MCP in different physiological characteristics and in the expression of genes related to the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in coffee leaves and bud from plants under field conditions. The evaluations and tissue sampling were carried out in different times treatments implementation: T1 – control, T2 – 1-MCP+Break-Thru, and T3 – Break-Thru. There was influence of 1-MCP and Break-Thru in gas exchange parameters and of 1-MCP contributed to the increase in relative water content. RT-qPCR analyses showed a different behavior in relation to the profile of gene expression in leaves and buds analyzed in the present study (CaACS1 – like, CaACO1 – like, CaACO4 – like, CaETR4 – like) and the expression levels were changed a few hours (2h) after applying the products. However, there was flowering only in plants treated with 1-MCP, in the absence of rain and irrigation.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC