Catholic worker movement: un análisis desde la acción política no violenta y la lógica transnacional de los movimientos sociales

El Catholic Worker Movement se ha caracterizado por enmarcarse en las dinámicas de movilización social y acción política no violenta, que respondían, desde su creación en 1933, a un conjunto de problemáticas sociales y económicas sobre las cuales la sociedad civil se interesó y dio inicio a su actividad en escenarios de la política doméstica de Estados Unidos. Pese a ser un movimiento que surgió en un contexto nacional con fundamentación religiosa, el CWM alcanzó el desarrollo de lógicas transnacionales que contribuyeron a la defensa de su causa y a la reivindicación de valores y principios que motivarían posteriormente a la búsqueda de recursos para reforzar su lucha. Así, el proceso de evolución del movimiento tomó dirección en torno a fenómenos como la difusión, la adquisición de repertorios de acción colectiva correspondientes a la no violencia, y al aprovechamiento de factores exógenos y endógenos representados en distintas formas de oportunidad política y capacidad organizativa.

La influencia del resurgimiento religioso en el papel social de la mujer musulmana en Turquía (2007-2011)

El presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo explicar la influencia del resurgimiento religioso en el papel social de la mujer, en el Estado de Turquía, dentro del periodo tiempo comprendido entre el año 2007 al 2011. Este proceso se ha podido evidenciar a través del islam político y las demandas culturales, en este sentido, se tendrá en cuenta el Partido de la Justicia y el Desarrollo para describir la situación de la mujer musulmana a partir del feminismo islámico; de esta manera se podrá entender su participación en el ámbito público y privado. El análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias será el método principal para la recolección de información, de igual forma se desarrollarán entrevistas, lo que permitirá un acercamiento con las mujeres y su estilo de vida, a partir de sus prácticas religiosas. El resultado de esta investigación demostrará que el resurgimiento religioso le ha permitido a la mujer musulmana identificarse con su religión en el escenario público y tener mayor relevancia en las diferentes áreas del Estado.

Errores gerenciales en empresas multinacionales del sector farmacéutico en Colombia

La presente investigación brinda una explicación, a partir de una metodología basándose en aportes de la administración, a la longevidad de las empresas nacionales y multinacionales en Colombia, partiendo de un análisis de los errores gerenciales que las llevan a la quiebra o al no cumplimiento de los objetivos organizacionales a partir de analizar en diferentes situaciones el comportamiento de sus gerentes y/o dirigentes. Actualmente en Colombia existen 1’683.079 empresas clasificadas de la siguiente manera: 1’609.015 microempresas, 62.274 pequeñas empresas, 10.098 medianas empresas y 1.683 grandes empresas y alrededor de 700 multinacionales.

Entendiendo un programa de reparación: reconstrucción del proceso de creación e implementación de familias en su tierra – FEST– El caso del municipio de La Palma, Cundinamarca

A partir de la reconstrucción del proceso de creación e implementación del programa presidencial para la reparación a población desplazada Familias En Su Tierra, se exploran las dificultades y retos que enfrenta la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras.

Jornadas laborales prolongadas y sus repercusiones en el buen vivir del trabajador y de su familia (Tema Central)

En versiones no oficiales del nuevo Código Orgánico de Relaciones Laborales que se discute actualmente en el país, se contempla la posibilidad de distribuir el máximo de 40 horas semanales en seis días en lugar de cinco, reconociendo el recargo de apenas el 25% (en lugar del 100%) en las horas que se ejecuten durante el sexto día de labor, en franca oposición a los principios esenciales de la intangibilidad y de no regresividad de los derechos laborales, a los postulados de la Constitución, que reconoce y garantiza a toda persona una vida digna que asegure, entre otros derechos, el trabajo, el empleo, el descanso, el ocio y la salud (en definitiva los medios para conciliar el trabajo con la vida personal y familiar), y a las políticas públicas reflejadas en los Planes Nacionales del Buen Vivir.

What kind of European Banking Union? Bruegel Policy Contribution [2012/12?]June 25, 2012

This paper discusses the creation of a European Banking Union. First, we discuss questions of design. We highlight seven fundamental choices that decision makers will need to make: Which EU countries should participate in the banking union? To which categories of banks should it apply? Which institution should be tasked with supervision? Which one should deal with resolution? How centralised should the deposit insurance system be? What kind of fiscal backing would be required? What governance framework and political institutions would be needed? In terms of geographical scope, we see the coverage of the banking union of the euro area as necessary and of additional countries as desirable, even though this would entail important additional economic difficulties. The system should ideally cover all banks within the countries included, in order to prevent major competitive and distributional distortions. Supervisory authority should be granted either to both the ECB and a new agency, or to a new agency alone. National supervisors, acting under the authority of the European supervisor, would be tasked with the supervision of smaller banks in accordance with the subsidiarity principle. A European resolution authority should be established, with the possibility of drawing on ESM resources. A fully centralized deposit insurance system would eventually be desirable, but a system of partial reinsurance may also be envisaged at least in a first phase. A banking union would require at least implicit European fiscal backing, with significant political authority and legitimacy. Thus, banking union cannot be considered entirely separately from fiscal union and political union. The most difficult challenge of creating a European banking union lies with the short-term steps towards its eventual implementation. Many banks in the euro area, and especially in the crisis countries, are currently under stress and the move towards banking union almost certainly has significant distributional implications. Yet it is precisely because banks are under such stress that early and concrete action is needed. An overarching principle for such action is to minimize the cost to the tax payers. The first step should be to create a European supervisor that will anchor the development of the future banking union. In parallel, a capability to quickly assess the true capital position of the system’s most important banks should be created, for which we suggest establishing a temporary European Banking Sector Task Force working together with the European supervisor and other authorities. Ideally, problems identified by this process should be resolved by national authorities; in case fiscal capacities would prove insufficient, the European level would take over in the country concerned with some national financial participation, or in an even less likely adverse scenario, in all participating countries at once. This approach would require the passing of emergency legislation in the concerned countries that would give the Task Force the required access to information and, if necessary, further intervention rights. Thus, the principle of fiscal responsibility of respective member states for legacy costs would be preserved to the maximum extent possible, and at the same time, market participants and the public would be reassured that adequate tools are in place to address any eventuality.

The geography of tyranny and despair: development indicators and the hypothesis of genetic inevitability of national inequality

Development geography has long sought to understand why inequalities exist and the best ways to address them. Dependency theory sets out an historical rationale for under development based on colonialism and a legacy of developed core and under-developed periphery. Race is relevant in this theory only insofar that Europeans are white and the places they colonised were occupied by people with darker skin colour. There are no innate biological reasons why it happened in that order. However, a new theory for national inequalities proposed by Lynn and Vanhanen in a series of publications makes the case that poorer countries have that status because of a poorer genetic stock rather than an accident of history. They argue that IQ has a genetic basis and IQ is linked to ability. Thus races with a poorer IQ have less ability, and thus national IQ can be positively correlated with performance as measured by an indicator like GDP/capita. Their thesis is one of despair, as little can be done to improve genetic stock significantly other than a programme of eugenics. This paper summarises and critiques the Lynn and Vanhanen hypothesis and the assumptions upon which it is based, and uses this analysis to show how a human desire to simplify in order to manage can be dangerous in development geography. While the attention may naturally be focused on the 'national IQ' variables as a proxy measure of 'innate ability', the assumption of GDP per capita as an indicator of 'success' and 'achievement' is far more readily accepted without criticism. The paper makes the case that the current vogue for indicators, indices and cause-effect can be tyrannical.

Soft topographic map for clustering and classification of bacteria

In this work a new method for clustering and building a topographic representation of a bacteria taxonomy is presented. The method is based on the analysis of stable parts of the genome, the so-called “housekeeping genes”. The proposed method generates topographic maps of the bacteria taxonomy, where relations among different type strains can be visually inspected and verified. Two well known DNA alignement algorithms are applied to the genomic sequences. Topographic maps are optimized to represent the similarity among the sequences according to their evolutionary distances. The experimental analysis is carried out on 147 type strains of the Gammaprotebacteria class by means of the 16S rRNA housekeeping gene. Complete sequences of the gene have been retrieved from the NCBI public database. In the experimental tests the maps show clusters of homologous type strains and present some singular cases potentially due to incorrect classification or erroneous annotations in the database.

Paradise postponed? The Department of National Heritage and political hegemony

Established following the Conservative Party's election victory in April 1992, the Department of National Heritage has been heralded as an important stage in the growing recognition of the significance of the leisure industry to Britain. By combining, for the first time, responsibility for sport, tourism, the arts, libraries, heritage, broadcasting and film, and by providing them with Cabinet representation, a unique opportunity has, seemingly, been provided to develop and promote the interests of leisure in Britain. This paper takes the view that although this initiative has been broadly welcomed, there are important inconsistencies which require attention. On the one hand the selection of the portfolio appears somewhat eclectic. On the other hand, it is questionable why such a department should have been developed at all. An inspection of the implicit ideology suggests that rather than the traditional use of the state to promote leisure interests, the introduction of the department signifies a shift to the use of leisure to promote the Government's interests. Thus the new Department of National Heritage is to be used as a central feature in the legitimation of the government's political programme. Rather than emphasising its traditional quasi-welfare role, the new place for leisure and heritage is firmly in the market economy. Whilst a leisured society may be the epitome of post-industrialism, therefore, the citizen rights claim for access to leisure activities can only be secured by engaging with the market. This legitimised construction of post- modern citizenship is at the centre of a new political order where choice has been replaced by means and where the classless paradigm championed by the Prime Minister will be a classlessness of constructed omission.

The horizontal spread of a vertical malady: cosmopolitanism and history in Pernambuco’s recent cinematic sensation

Brazil’s recent cinematic sensation, O som ao redor/Neighboring Sounds (Kleber Mendonça Filho, 2012), displays an effective integration of form and content, as exemplified by its vertical figuration that crystallizes the devastating effects of property development and global capitalism. This chapter will attempt to unravel a two-way drive within this vertical motif: a movement off the ground, resulting in global cosmopolitanism; and another into the ground, in search of the social history and film history at its base. As I hope to demonstrate, despite the characters’ late postmodernist disconnect from local context and history, O som ao redor offers a perspicacious insight into regional and national history that contributes an original and exciting addition to Brazilian and world cinema.

Evaluation of the Conservation Lands of Maine Based on Presence of Habitat Suitable for Listed Species

“Conservation Lands” include both public and private lands that are devoted to the protection of wildlife and natural resources. “Listed Species” include federally and state endangered and threatened animals that are in danger of extermination in the state of Maine. The purpose of this study is to determine how well conservation lands are protecting the habitats of listed species. GAP data was used for 13 terrestrial vertebrate species indicating the presence or absence of suitable habitats. This data was compiled in GIS, generating a layer showing the number of listed species an area is suitable for. The areas that were suitable for at least one habitat were compared to answer three questions: (1) Is there is a difference between the presence and absence of listed species on protected lands and lands that are not protected? (2) Is there is a difference between the presence and absence of listed species on public lands managed by the state and the federal government and private land? (3) Is there is a difference between the presence and absence of listed species on lands protected under easements and lands that are protected fee simple? We found significant differences between all three categories. Conservation lands, private lands, and lands held under easement protect the habitat of listed species most effectively. We believe that this is due to the large number of private land trusts in the state of Maine and the effective management strategies of state lands.

Percepções de maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos à luz da nova gestão pública: uma investigação com gestores das secretarias estaduais do Rio Grande do Norte

This study aimed to measure the perception of maturity project management of state boards of Rio Grande do Norte by the perception of its managers. Argues that project management has been highlighted as a critical factor for the success of any organization, because the projects are directly related to the set of activities that result in organizational innovation as products, services and processes and the improvement of project management is directly aligned with the main pillars of the New Public Management. Methodologically, this is a quantitative research of a descriptive nature in which 161 forms were applied with coordinators and subcoordinators of state departments of Rio Grande do Norte, culminating in a sampling error of less than 6% to 95% confidence according to the procedures finite sampling. The process of tabulation and analysis was done using the package Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS 18.0 and worked with techniques such as mean, standard deviation, frequency distributions, cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results indicate that the levels of maturity in project management in state departments of Rio Grande do Norte is below the national average and that behavioral skills are the main problem for improving management in these departments. It was possible to detect the existence of two groups of different perceptions about the management of projects, indicating, according to the managers, there are islands of excellence in project management in some sectors of the state departments. It was also observed that there are eight factors that affect maturity in project management: Planning and Control , Development of Management Skills , Project Management Environment , Acceptance of the Subject Project Management , Stimulus to Performance , Project Evaluation and Learning , Project Management Office and Visibility of Project Managers . It concludes that the project management in state departments of Rio Grande do Norte has no satisfactory levels of maturity in project management, affecting the levels of efficiency and effectiveness of the state apparatus, which shows that some of the assumptions that guide the New Public Management are not getting the levels of excellence nailed by this management model

Configurando a cidade contemporânea em Natal : os processos espaciais em Ponta Negra

This dissertation is about the spatial configuration in Natal and processes in the Ponta Negra neighborhood today. Ponta Negra has undergone a number of critical social and spatial changes due to tourism development after the 1990s. It is of special interest to consider the intensification of real estate investment after 2000, when the new airport terminal, located in the neighboring municipality of Parnamirim, was in use. Ponta Negra is the place where most tourists go to, so attracting considerable public investments. New agents of transformation have produced change in the neighborhood as well. The present study aims at analysing the spatial processes in this part of the city. Here, the spatial configuration that resulted from extended real estate investments, both public and private, in recent years, is analysed in detail. The study identifies the multually differentiated, however internally homogenous areas. The concepts of production of space, contemporanean urban development and spatial dynamics are discussed. The research is based on document analysis and field work. Results were plotted to maps and tables. A detailed analysis of the spatial processes in the Ponta Negra neighborhood is undertaken as a conclusion, considering the contemporanean global scenario

Opiniões sobre estágio curricular e prática de ensino na licenciatura em química: o caso do CEFET-PB

The Brazilian legal documents are directing the reformulation of the courses that prepare students to be teachers. Through out the country many institutions look for to fit themselves in such documents. On the other hand, other IES (Superior Education Institutions), when they are setting up such courses they looked for to be adequate to the new public politics. Based on the National Curricular Norms to form teachers for Basic Education, in tertiary level, in 2004 it was created at the CEFET-PB,the Chemistry Course (Licenciatura) to prepare people to be teachers, whose organization. This work presents the results of a research of phenomenological nature that aimed to comprehend the teachers opinions, in the range of discussions about the current politics of formation, particularly related to the CNE/CP 1 and CNE/CP 2/2002 resolutions. This work based on the curricular proposal for the Chemistry Course (Licenciatura), presents the relationship between the probationary period and the teaching practice at the CEFET-PB, in order to contribute for a reflection about these categories to clarify the teachers of the course. It started from the consideration of all changes operated in contemporary society implies changes on teacher's pedagogical practices. It was used tow instruments for the data collection: a questionnaire with open and closed questions and recordable interviews. Nine teachers form the CEFET-PB took apart and four licensed teachers. It was based in a theoretic frame as a support for discussions about the different models of teachers formation. We concluded that the representations of teachers about probationary period the practice on the activity for the teachers formation was strongly anchored in characteristic elements of the formative tendency of a institution that historically acted on a technician formation, and the results pointed to strong signs of attitudes based on a model of the technical rationality

Projeto Calha Norte: política de defesa nacional e segurança hemisférica na governança contemporânea

Evidencia a análise do percurso institucional e geoestratégico do Projeto Calha Norte (PCN) como processo de territorialização da fronteira política. O PCN foi pensado nos moldes convencionais da defesa e influenciado pela Doutrina de Segurança Nacional (DSN) dos anos sessenta e setenta, que objetivava e objetiva garantir o aumento da presença do Estado na Faixa de Fronteira Norte (Arco Norte), contribuindo para a Defesa Nacional e para a assistência às populações locais. Busca entender as implicações históricas, estratégicas, geopolíticas, financeiras e ambientais, desde a sua origem até os anos noventa com ênfase no governo de Fernando H. Cardoso - FHC (1994-2002). Apresenta a idéia de que a política de defesa implementada por este obedeceu às inflexões das mudanças internas na governança brasileira, bem como almejou adequá-la às transformações em curso regional e mundialmente, caracterizadas pela substituição da ordem bipolar para multipolar/unipolar, alteração no perfil das instituições políticas e, sobretudo, da integração hemisférica do país num quadro de incertezas e apelo ao fortalecimento da segurança coletiva. Essas mudanças ocorreram no contexto da modernização capitalista, na qual o PCN é concebido como uma modalidade particular de intervenção e expansão do Estado, que tem o uso exclusivo do monopólio da força, cumprindo suas prerrogativas constitucionais numa área marrom - ausência do Estado enquanto um conjunto de burocracias funcionando efetivamente numa área de baixa densidade demográfica. A ineficácia dessas dimensões do Estado define a peculiaridade do circuito da ilegalidade, isto é, o locus das atividades ilícitas tais como o narcotráfico e o contrabando. Assim, a racionalidade presente na ação do Estado consiste em articular os elementos capazes de estimular a materialização de um processo de homogeneização do espaço social na fronteira política em contexto de integração e cooperação com os países da Pan-Amazônia. Baseando-se em indicadores demográficos, econômico-financeiros e ambientais, e numa ampla base de dados sobre a Faixa de Fronteira Norte, a pesquisa concluiu pela necessidade da intervenção na fronteira política, onde o Estado busca cumprir, relativamente, sua função para ordenar e disciplinar as relações e os processos sociais a partir de referências constitucionais; afirmou que o esvaziamento financeiro deveu-se menos ao programa governamental para ajustar as contas públicas e o pagamento da dívida externa do que à decisão política de reorientar os investimentos para o Projeto; provou-se que há um movimento para a inclusão efetiva da sustentabilidade na nova PDN (Política de Defesa Nacional) e; finalmente, argumentou-se a favor da necessidade de integrar o PCN ao sistema de produção de informações do SIVAM entendido como um novo enfoque sobre a defesa nacional na Era da Informação, e que é necessário para a vigilância da região.