Simulating the interaction of cabin crew with passengers during aircraft emergency evacuation conditions

In this paper we briefly describe new modelling capabilities within the airEXODUS evacuation model. These new capabilities involve the explicit ability to simulate the interaction of crew with passengers in managing evacuation situations

Mistake, frustration and implied conditions in leases

Discusses the Court of Appeal decision in Graves v Graves on determination of a tenancy by reason of common mistake and frustration. Reviews earlier case law regarding the effects on a contract of a common mistake or frustrating event. Considers the effect of the common mistaken belief held by the parties in Graves when executing a tenancy agreement that the tenant would be entitled to housing benefit, in particular whether by reason of it a condition was implied into the tenancy that the contract would be terminated if housing benefit was unavailable.

Caking strength of granulated clay under frozen conditions

Transport of particulate clay occurs during some extremely cold weather conditions typically in the winter in the far North area. During the transport and temporary storage time, the clay may cake inside a rail or road wagon or in a silo, and consequently be difficult to be discharged from the containers. This paper studied caking strength of a granulated clay powder with a certain water moisture content of 18% for influences of temperature, packing stress and freezing time. The temperature tested was -5 oC, -10 oC and -20 oC. Because the clay powder may be packed at different bed depth, the study was undertaken across the packing stress range at 8.3 kPa (1 m bed depth), 25.0 kPa (3 m) and 75.0 kPa (9 m). Freezing time varied between 4 hours (transport) and 18 hours (overnight). During the tests, failure of caked materials was measured using a QTS texture analyzer and the caking strength of frozen samples was calculated. Influences on freeze caking of granular clay in storage or transport are discussed briefly. Some conclusions are made at the end of the paper,including recommendations for practical methods for mitigating these problems.