“Acham que brotamos das fontes dessa cidade?”: uma etnografia sobre o cotidiano de sobrevivência de pessoas em situação de rua em Nata/RN

Through participant observation, held in the administrative region east of Natal / RN, this research aimed to understand about the daily life of men and women living on the streets in the city. How they relate to the space where they live? In this relationship, which uses and survival strategies triggered by this social segment? These were some of the questions that guided this research, in order to highlight the specificities of this way of life and the possible consequences that such a situation could reverberate. In this sense, there was an effort to keep up with people on the streets, their itineraries and seize their narratives. Along the search path - which took place intermittently between the years 2011-2015 - attended spaces of occupation and traffic of this population group in the street, as well as insert me and got involved in events, forums, seminars, meetings and subject of joints on the streets as a political movement (MNPR / RN). They are considered in this study as people on the street to those who occupy the street as their main space of survival and ordering of daily life: in the streets sleep, feed themselves, meet the physiological and hygienic needs, and is where draw sustenance. The street is taken in this research in its broadest sense, including all possible places relatively protected from the cold, rain and exposure to violence, thus includes both open and public spaces: as squares and parks; but also closed and private places: hostels, abandoned warehouses, prisons, etc. It was observed that in none of these spaces guys on the street are established in a fixed manner, in contrast, they experience the roaming, which in part is due to urban systems - which tends to stigmatize them and delete them places - and the very need to survive, because while living in the street differentiated practices are triggered, and these differ from the dominant mode of sedentary life.

“Acham que brotamos das fontes dessa cidade?”: uma etnografia sobre o cotidiano de sobrevivência de pessoas em situação de rua em Nata/RN

Through participant observation, held in the administrative region east of Natal / RN, this research aimed to understand about the daily life of men and women living on the streets in the city. How they relate to the space where they live? In this relationship, which uses and survival strategies triggered by this social segment? These were some of the questions that guided this research, in order to highlight the specificities of this way of life and the possible consequences that such a situation could reverberate. In this sense, there was an effort to keep up with people on the streets, their itineraries and seize their narratives. Along the search path - which took place intermittently between the years 2011-2015 - attended spaces of occupation and traffic of this population group in the street, as well as insert me and got involved in events, forums, seminars, meetings and subject of joints on the streets as a political movement (MNPR / RN). They are considered in this study as people on the street to those who occupy the street as their main space of survival and ordering of daily life: in the streets sleep, feed themselves, meet the physiological and hygienic needs, and is where draw sustenance. The street is taken in this research in its broadest sense, including all possible places relatively protected from the cold, rain and exposure to violence, thus includes both open and public spaces: as squares and parks; but also closed and private places: hostels, abandoned warehouses, prisons, etc. It was observed that in none of these spaces guys on the street are established in a fixed manner, in contrast, they experience the roaming, which in part is due to urban systems - which tends to stigmatize them and delete them places - and the very need to survive, because while living in the street differentiated practices are triggered, and these differ from the dominant mode of sedentary life.

Acurácia dos indicadores clínicos do diagnóstico de enfermagem falta de adesão em pessoas vivendo com AIDS

In the early 1990s, a major milestone in the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was the development of highly active combination antiretroviral therapy. The great benefit generated by the use of this therapy was prolonging the survival of the people who got this disease, since it is no longer considered fatal, becoming a chronic condition. Despite improvements generated by this therapy, there are still many difficulties to be overcome. One is the patient adherence to their treatment, bringing challenges to services and health professionals. Hence the need for early identification of nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession so that solutions are sought by the nurse with the patient and his family. With this problem, adds to the difficulty of hospital nurses in inferring that diagnosis, especially in identifying their defining characteristics. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the accuracy of clinical indicators of nursing diagnosis Lack of Adherence to antiretroviral treatment for people living with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The research took place in two stages. The first consists of the evaluation of the diagnostic indicators in the study; and second, the diagnostic inference performed by specialist nurses. The first step took place in a referral hospital in the treatment of infectious diseases in the Northeast of Brazil, and data were collected through an instrument for carrying out history and physical examination and analyzed for the presence or absence of the diagnostic indicators. In the second stage, the data were sent to experts, who judged the presence or absence of the diagnosis in the studied clientele. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, obtaining approval with the General Certificate for Ethics Assessment (CAAE) No 46206215.3.0000.5537. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Test were used Fisher's exact, chi-square test of Pearson and logistic regression. Since the accuracy of clinical indicators was measured by sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios. As a result, we identified the presence of diagnosis Lack of Accession on 69% (n = 78) of the study patients. The defining characteristics that showed statistically significant association with the diagnosis studied were: lack of adherence behavior, complications related to development, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. The characteristic with greater sensitivity was missing scheduled appointments and the highest specificity behavior of noncompliance. The logistic regression showed as predictors for the diagnosis Lack of Accession: lack of adherence behavior, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. It was concluded that the identification of clinical indicators accurately enabled a good prediction of the nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession on people living with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, helping nurses develop early on strategies for promoting adherence to the use of antiretrovirals.

Acurácia dos indicadores clínicos do diagnóstico de enfermagem falta de adesão em pessoas vivendo com AIDS

In the early 1990s, a major milestone in the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was the development of highly active combination antiretroviral therapy. The great benefit generated by the use of this therapy was prolonging the survival of the people who got this disease, since it is no longer considered fatal, becoming a chronic condition. Despite improvements generated by this therapy, there are still many difficulties to be overcome. One is the patient adherence to their treatment, bringing challenges to services and health professionals. Hence the need for early identification of nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession so that solutions are sought by the nurse with the patient and his family. With this problem, adds to the difficulty of hospital nurses in inferring that diagnosis, especially in identifying their defining characteristics. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the accuracy of clinical indicators of nursing diagnosis Lack of Adherence to antiretroviral treatment for people living with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The research took place in two stages. The first consists of the evaluation of the diagnostic indicators in the study; and second, the diagnostic inference performed by specialist nurses. The first step took place in a referral hospital in the treatment of infectious diseases in the Northeast of Brazil, and data were collected through an instrument for carrying out history and physical examination and analyzed for the presence or absence of the diagnostic indicators. In the second stage, the data were sent to experts, who judged the presence or absence of the diagnosis in the studied clientele. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, obtaining approval with the General Certificate for Ethics Assessment (CAAE) No 46206215.3.0000.5537. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Test were used Fisher's exact, chi-square test of Pearson and logistic regression. Since the accuracy of clinical indicators was measured by sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios. As a result, we identified the presence of diagnosis Lack of Accession on 69% (n = 78) of the study patients. The defining characteristics that showed statistically significant association with the diagnosis studied were: lack of adherence behavior, complications related to development, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. The characteristic with greater sensitivity was missing scheduled appointments and the highest specificity behavior of noncompliance. The logistic regression showed as predictors for the diagnosis Lack of Accession: lack of adherence behavior, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. It was concluded that the identification of clinical indicators accurately enabled a good prediction of the nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession on people living with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, helping nurses develop early on strategies for promoting adherence to the use of antiretrovirals.

Sexualidade e saúde mental: construindo sentidos entre pessoas usuárias de um CAPS

When expressed by mental health services users, sexuality is typically denied by professionals, viewed as another symptom or as if these people are not capable of practicing it. Once Brazilian health professionals haven’t shown lots of investment in this theme, and few are the studies in this field, it is necessary the attention to be focused on researches involving this public. Therefore, the main goal of this study was understand the meanings of sexuality of the mental health services users, which were negotiated in sexuality workshops. The secondary goals were: a) understand the meanings of themes about sexuality brought by users through their experiences of everyday life; b) to evaluate the facilitating experience of the workshops on sexuality at CAPS. Thus, 10 workshops on sexuality were held, with an average of an hour and twenty minutes each, distributed from December 2014 and April 2015. There were 43 participants, 29 women and 14 men. The meetings had the following central themes: sexuality; sexuality and mental health; myths, beliefs and sexual taboos; gender identity; sexual orientation; sexual and reproductive rights; safe sex; and STD/AIDS. The data collection was through audio-recording of these meetings. Later, was made the transcript of the workshops, a careful reading of these transcripts and then its analysis. It was identified categories to analyze the interfaces that permeate the focus of the study. Initially, the categories relating to mental health and sexuality: meanings about sexuality; gender issues; gender and religion; sexual rights, STD/AIDS prevention and attention or denial of sexuality at CAPS. Later, those relating to the workshops facilitating process: challenges in facilitating the workshops; and the perception of the participants. A variety of meanings about sexuality could be noticed in the users’ statements, relating it more with affection and respect than with intercourse. The gender issues that emerged during the workshops were related to marital relationship, sexism, domestic violence, psychological violence and male and female roles in society. Moreover, were also revealed some situations that associated gender differences with religious issues, such as the submission of women and homosexuality. It was also noticed some experiences of the participants involving worrying situations of family violence, suicidal ideation and chemical castration, were often mismanaged or ignored by the service professionals. With regard to the facilitation of the workshops, it was possible to legitimize it as places where users were able to talk openly about the suggested themes and highlight its importance to the study site. Besides, it’s possible to list a few challenges of its facilitation in a mental health service, which was in general positively evaluated by the participants. Thus, the research highlights the need for sexuality theme discussion in mental health services, in order to understand, discuss and inform the users. Also, it’s important to problematize the stigma created in the theme relation with the users, the professionals and the society, working its specificities and avoiding a pathological bias.

O bibliotecário como mediador no processo de transferência da informação para pessoas com deficiência visual

MAIA, Maria Aniolly Queiroz et al. O bibliotecário como mediador no processo de transferência da informação para pessoas com deficiência visual. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE BIBLIOTECONOMIA, 24., DOCUMENTAÇÃO E CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO, 2011, Maceió. Anais... Maceió: CBBD, 2011

Localização geográfica assistida aplicada a pessoas com necessidades especiais

Segundo o documento do Programa Nacional para a Saúde Mental, Portugal tem a prevalência mais elevada de pessoas com perturbações mentais (22,9%), entre oito países europeus, e é o segundo, a nível mundial, em nove países analisados. Perante o exposto anteriormente, existe uma elevada necessidade de cuidados com essas pessoas, já que um dos principais problemas deste tipo de doenças é a desorientação e a consequente falta de orientação espacial. Uma das possíveis soluções para este controlo, que deve ser efetuado a estes doentes, pode ser o uso constante de GPS, para as monitorizar. Porém, através dessa mesma monitorização com recurso ao sistema GPS, deparamo-nos com algumas limitações, em termos de eficácia, já que o GPS pode funcionar mal em determinadas situações, tais como o mau tempo, em ambientes fechados, ou mesmo em ambientes abertos mas rodeados por prédios elevados. Para o uso da solução supracitada e para contornar os problemas referidos anteriormente, pretende-se desenvolver uma aplicação móvel para o seguimento de seres humanos, em tempo real, direcionada para pessoas com necessidades de cuidados especiais, tais como portadores de Alzheimer ou algum grau de deficiência. Esta aplicação baseia-se na informação obtida do GPS integrado no dispositivo. Quando este não estiver disponível ou a sua precisão for limitada, a aplicação deverá estimar a localização, através das antenas do operador. Para suportar esta funcionalidade, a aplicação integrará um módulo de Raciocínio Baseado em Casos que, gradualmente, irá aprendendo a classificar a posição do utilizador, a partir da distribuição das antenas em seu redor, bem como pela intensidade dos sinais recebidos. A aplicação será complementada por uma aplicação web que permitirá a visualização dos dados e a visualização de notificações, nos casos em que um utilizador saia de limites pré-determinados

Estudo do usuário com deficiência visual: um importante instrumento sócio-inclusivo de pesquisa e formação para o profissional de biblioteconomia perante as necessidades informacionais de pessoas com deficiência

SANTOS, Christiane Gomes; ALMEIDA, Edson Marques. Estudo do usuário com deficiência visual: um importante instrumento sócio-inclusivo de pesquisa e formação para o profissional de biblioteconomia perante as necessidades informacionais de pessoas com deficiência. In: SEMINÁRIO DE PESQUISA DO CCSA, 16., 2010, Rio Grande do Norte. Anais eletrônicos... Natal: UFRN, 2010. Disponível em:

Laços Sociais e Capital Social nas Narrativas das Pessoas em Situação de Sem-abrigo

A pertinência da rutura e reconstrução dos laços sociais nas pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo leva-nos à abordagem dos seus processos idiossincráticos de emergência e manutenção do capital social nos laços sociais. A investigação pretende, através dos discursos de pessoas que experienciam a situação de sem-abrigo, compreender como emerge e se mantém o capital social nos laços sociais. Assim, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada para aceder às suas narrativas. A escolha dos participantes teve em consideração a acessibilidade e disponibilidade dos indivíduos na cidade de Coimbra. Das narrativas dos seis entrevistados verificou-se que apresentam um capital social vulnerável associado a uma escassa rede de apoio (formal e/ou informal). Emergiu dos seus discursos que um dos principais fatores que concorre para a emergência da situação de sem-abrigo é a rutura com os diferentes tipos de laços sociais, sobretudo os familiares, que potencia a diminuição da rede de suporte, e tem repercussões nas diferentes dimensões do capital social, dificultando a sua emergência. A rutura dos laços de filiação e parentescos foram identificados pelos entrevistados como o principal fator para a emergência da situação de sem-abrigo, evidenciando também uma quebra dos níveis de confiança para a possível criação de novos laços ou reativação/reconstrução dos laços quebrados. As conclusões da presente investigação constituem um contributo para o Serviço Social, na medida em que um conhecimento mais aprofundado da situação de sem-abrigo, pelas suas próprias vozes, assim como dos seus laços sociais e das suas ruturas, e das dificuldades sentidas na emergência e manutenção do capital social, permitirão a concertação de estratégias de intervenção mais ajustadas à realidade com estas pessoas e com este problema social.

Pessoas com deficiência visual e o acesso à informação

Expõe considerações a respeito dos portadores de necessidades especiais, das pessoas com deficiência, um enfoque parcial sobre as doenças degenerativas da visão, e uma atenção especial para as pessoas com deficiência visual, objeto de estudo da pesquisa desenvolvida. Estabelece um resgate da evolução dos métodos que possibilitaram a essas pessoas registrar e decodificar informações na forma escrita até o surgimento do Sistema Braille. Destaca ainda os suportes e as formas de registro da informação no mencionado sistema, e aponta nominalmente os novos recursos decorrentes do advento das novas tecnologias.

Coimbra: cidade amiga das pessoas idosas?!

Introdução: Em Portugal, bem como nos restantes países mundiais, tem sido registado, em virtude de múltiplas transformações societárias, um aumento crescente do envelhecimento demográfico. Este novo cenário demográfico originou uma reflexão, por parte de organizações supranacionais, sobre as cidades na sua relação com os munícipes mais velhos. Desta reflexão surge o projeto Cidade Amiga das Pessoas Idosas que apresenta referenciais de avaliação das cidades para que estas possam adaptar as suas estruturas e serviços aos seus munícipes mais velhos. Beneficiando desta forma do potencial que as pessoas mais velhas representam para a humanidade. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo central verificar se a cidade de Coimbra é uma cidade amiga das pessoas idosas. Metodologia: A pesquisa remete para um estudo qualitativo exploratório a partir dos procedimentos metodológicos que constam do Protocolo de Vancouver. O focus group decorreu em duas sessões. Participantes: Foram auscultados 16 pessoas, 15 (93,8%) do sexo feminino. A idade média situa-se nos 79,88 anos (dp= ± 10,658), são maioritariamente viúvos (7= 43,8 %) e 7 (43,8%) e têm como habilitações a 4ª classe. Autoclassificam-se maioritariamente na classe média baixa (7 =43,8). Resultados: Das oito categorias analisadas três categorias “espaços exteriores e edifícios”, “transportes” e “respeito e inclusão social” são avaliadas com aspetos positivos e negativos. O “suporte comunitário e serviços de saúde” é avaliado como positivo enquanto a “habitação”, “participação social” e “comunicação e informação” são avaliados como negativos. As sugestões efetuadas referem-se a um único tópico “espaços exteriores e edifícios”. Conclusões: Se partilharmos a tese que uma cidade amiga das pessoas idosas estimula o envelhecimento ativo porque otimiza as oportunidades de participação no ambiente urbano melhorando, desta forma, a qualidade de vida das pessoas envelhecem. Os resultados que obtivemos, a partir da auscultação de um grupo de idosos, permitem-nos afirmar que Coimbra precisa de se adaptar aos seus munícipes mais velhos. Só assim Coimbra se poderá tornar uma cidade amiga das pessoas idosas. Importa igualmente registar que os resultados encontrados devem ser mediados pelo perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos entrevistados. / Introduction: In Portugal, as well as in other countries worldwide, has been registered by virtue of multiple associated transformations, an increasing growing of population. This new demographic scenario triggered, led to a reflection on the part of supranational organizations, about the cities in their relationship with the older residents. This reflection comes with the project Friendly City of Older Persons that presents benchmarks for the evaluation of cities so that they can adapt their structures and services to its older citizens. Enjoying this way the potential that older people represent for humanity. Objectives: This study aims to check if the city of Coimbra is an elderly friendly city. Methodology: The research refers to an exploratory qualitative study from the methodological procedures of the Vancouver Protocol. The focus group was held in two sessions. Participants: 16 people were sounded out, 15(93.8%) were female. The average ages tends at79.88 years (dp = ±10,658), are mostly widowers (7=43.8%) and 7 (43.8%) have the qualifications to4th grade. They are classified mostly in the lower middle class(7=43.8). Results: Of the eight analyzed categories three categories" outdoor spaces and buildings", "transport" and "respect and social inclusion" are evaluated on positive and negative aspects. The "community support and health services" is evaluated as positive as the"housing", "social participation "and "communication and information" are evaluated as negative. The suggestions are related to a single topic "buildings and outdoor areas." Conclusions: If we share the view that an elderly friendly citizen courages active aging because it optimizes the opportunities for participation in the urban environment improving, in this manner, the quality of life of the elderly. The results we obtained from the consultation of a group of elderly allow us to say that Coimbra needs to adapt to its older citizens. Only then Coimbra can become a friendly city of the elderly. It should also be noted that the results should be mediated by socio-demographic profile of elderly respondents.

Perfil socioeconômico de pessoas com úlcera venosa: aspectos relevantes para a enfermagem

Traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes com úlcera venosa. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 50 pessoas no ambulatório de clínica cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/HUOL, localizado no município de Natal/RN/Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e armazenados numa planilha do software Excel e analisadas pela estatística descritiva. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 0038.0.294.000-11. Resultados: idade média de 59,72 anos, 66% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, 60% possuíam companheiro, a média de estudos foi de 4,98 (±3,36) anos e a renda familiar 2,3 salários mínimos. Encontrou-se, portanto, o perfil de pessoas com úlcera venosa semelhante ao evidenciado na literatura. Conclusão: é imprescindível conhecer as características dessa clientela para desenvolver estratégias visando à melhoria de suas condições de saúde

Comprometimento Organizacional, Autocriticismo e Autocompaixão em Profissionais/Cuidadores Formais que Trabalham com Pessoas com Deficiência/Doença Mental

Introdução: Alguns estudos internacionais e nacionais têm-se dedicado a estudar as caraterísticas psicológicas de profissionais/cuidadores que trabalham na área da prestação de cuidados a pessoas com doença e deficiência mental. Porém, segundo temos conhecimento são escassos ou mesmo inexistentes os estudos que abordem os níveis de autocriticismo, autocompaixão e comprometimento organizacional destes profissionais/cuidadores. Foram nossos objetivos: caraterizar uma amostra de cuidadores formais/profissionais que trabalham com pessoas com doença e deficiência mental em diferentes variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais; analisar os níveis de autocriticismo, autocompaixão e comprometimento organizacional destes cuidadores formais/profissionais, bem como explorar as associações entre todas estas variáveis (entre si e com as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais). Metodologia: 55 cuidadores formais de pessoas com doença/deficiência mental (sexo feminino/n = 49, 84,5%; idade média de 45,21; DP = 10,92; variação = 22-65) preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Comprometimento Organizacional, a Escala das Formas do Autocriticismo e Autotranquilização e a Escala de Autocompaixão. Resultados: O Eu inadequado apresentou um valor médio bastante maior que o Eu detestado. O valor médio do Eu tranquilizador foi superior a qualquer dimensão de autocriticismo. O Calor-Compreensão (autocompaixão) apresentou o valor médio mais elevado e a Autocrítica o valor médio mais baixo. O Eu inadequado e detestado associaram-se positivamente às dimensões negativas de autocompaixão e o Eu tranquilizador às dimensões positivas de autocompaixão. O Comprometimento Afetivo associou-se positivamente ao Autocriticismo total. O Comprometimento Calculativo associou-se positivamente ao Eu detestado, que foi seu preditor. O Comprometimento Normativo associou-se de forma positiva ao Eu detestado, Autocriticismo total e idade negativamente ao Mindfulness. A idade foi o seu preditor. O Comprometimento Afetivo associou-se positivamente aos meses de trabalho na instituição, que foram seus preditores. Os cuidadores com um familiar com deficiência mental tiveram um valor mais baixo de Eu inadequado. Discussão: No geral, esta amostra de cuidadores formais apresentou caraterísticas psicológicas que nos tranquilizam quanto ao papel que desempenham junto de pessoas com doença/deficiência mental, mas as instituições devem sempre encontrar formas de estimular os níveis de comprometimento e autocompaixão dos seus profissionais. / Introduction: Some international and national studies have focused on studying the psychological characteristics of professionals/caregivers working with people with mental disease and intelectual disability. However, to our knowledge, the studies exploring levels of selfcriticism, self-compassion and organizational commitment in these professionals are scarce or even nonexistent. Our goals were to: characterize a sample of formal caregivers/professionals who work with people with mental illness and intellectual in different sociodemographic and professional variables; analyze the levels of selfcriticism, self-compassion and organizational commitment of these formal caregivers/professionals, as well as explore the associations between all these variables (with each other and with the sociodemographic and professional variables and professionals). Methodology: 55 caregivers of people with mental disease/intelectual disability (female/n = 49, 84.5%; mean age of 45,21; DP = 10,92; variation = 22-65) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Commitment questionnaire, the Forms of Self Criticism Rating Scale and the Self- Compassion Scale. Results: Inadequate Self had na higher mean value than the Hated Self. The mean value of the Reassuring Self was higher than any dimension of selfcriticism. Self-Kindness was the one with a higher mean value (of self-compassion) and Self-Judjment the one with the lowest mean value. The Inadequate Self and the Hated Self were positively associated with the negative dimensions of selfcompassion and the Reassuring Self with the positive dimensions of selfcompassion. The Affective Commitment was positively associated to total selfcriticism. The Continuance Commitment was associated with the Hated Self (positively), being its predictor. The Normative Commitment was positively associated to the Hated Self, the total selfcriticism and age and negatively to Mindfulness. Age was its predictor. The Affective Commitment was positively associated to months of work at the institution. This variable was its predictor. Professionals with a family member with intellectual disability had a lower value of Inadequate Self. Discussion: In general, this sample of formal caregivers presented psychological characteristics that reassure us about the role that they have while working with people with mental disease/intellectual disability, but the institutions must always find ways of stimulating the commitment and selfcompassion levels of their professionals.

Qualidade subjetiva do sono, sintomas depressivos, sentimentos de solidão e institucionalização em pessoas idosas

RESUMO Objetivos: A presente investigação teve como principais objetivos descrever a qualidade subjetiva do sono e as perturbações do sono e analisar a intensidade dos sintomas depressivos e dos sentimentos de solidão em idosos institucionalizados; comparar estes dados com um grupo de idosos não institucionalizados e analisar a relação entre estas variáveis nos dois grupos. Métodos: Este estudo insere-se no Projeto Trajetórias do Envelhecimento de Idosos em Resposta Social de onde foi retirada uma amostra de cento e quarenta idosos sem défice cognitivo, com 70 institucionalizados e 70 não institucionalizados emparelhados por idade, sexo, escolaridade e estado civil. A média de idades foi de 76,58 (DP = 6,10), incluindo 104 mulheres e 36 homens. Como instrumentos foram utilizados um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Questionário sobre o Sono na Terceira Idade, a Escala Geriátrica de depressão e a Escala de Solidão da Universidade da Califórnia, Los Angeles. Resultados: Verificou-se que os idosos institucionalizados apresentavam mais sentimentos de solidão do que os não institucionalizados. Contudo, não se verificaram diferenças entre os dois grupos em relação aos sintomas depressivos, qualidade subjetiva do sono ou perturbações do sono, com algumas exceções: os idosos residentes na comunidade mostraram ter a perceção de demorar mais tempo a adormecer, de acordar mais cedo e de ter mais pesadelos. Através de uma análise correlacional verificou-se, na amostra global, que quanto pior a qualidade subjetiva do sono mais sintomas depressivos se observavam e quanto mais sintomas depressivos, mais sentimentos de solidão, não havendo, contudo, relação entre o sono e a solidão. Conclusões: Concluímos que a situação de institucionalização se acompanha de mais sentimentos de solidão, mas não de sintomas depressivos ou de pior qualidade de sono. Por esse motivo, sugere-se que se desenvolvam programas de intervenção dirigidos à solidão em idosos institucionalizados. ABSTRACT Aims: The main objectives of this investigation were to describe the subjective quality of sleep and sleep disorders and analyze the intensity of depressive and loneliness symptoms in institutionalized elderly people; compare these data against a non-institutionalized elderly people subsample and analyze the relationship between these variables in both subsamples. Method: This study is part of Trajectories of Elderly Aging in Social Response Project from which a sample of one hundred and forty elderly people with no cognitive impairment was taken, with 70 institutionalized and 70 non-institutionalized matched by age, sex, education, and marital status. The average age was 76.58 (SD = 6.10), including 104 women and 36 men. The tools used for this analysis were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Questionnaire About Sleep in the Older Adults, Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Loneliness Scale of the University of California, Los Angeles. Results: The study confirmed that institutionalized elderly people had more feelings of loneliness than those non-institutionalized. However, there were no differences between the two subsamples regarding depressive symptoms and subjective sleep quality or sleep disturbances, with some exceptions: Elderly people living in the community showed to have the perception of taking more time to fall asleep, waking up earlier, and having more nightmares. Through a correlational analysis it was found, in both subsamples, that the worse the subjective sleep quality the more depressive symptoms were observed; and the more depressive symptoms, the more feelings of loneliness, despite of not existing a relation between sleep and loneliness. Conclusions: We concluded that institutionalization is linked to more feelings of loneliness but not to depressive symptoms nor to worse quality of sleep. For this reason, it is suggested that intervention programs are developed with a focus on elderly institutionalized populations.