King Solomon's Miners- Starvation and Bioaccumulation? An Environmental Archaeological Investigation in Southern Jordan

Pyatt, B. Barker, G. Birch, P. Gilbertson, D. Grattan, J. Mattingly, D. King Solomon's Miners - Starvation and Bioaccumulation? An Environmental Archaeological Investigation in Southern Jordan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety 43, 305-308 (1999) Environmental Research, Section B

Land Use and Military Supply in the Highland Zone of Roman Britain

Davies, Jeffrey. 'Land Use and Military Supply in the Highland Zone of Roman Britain', In: Artefacts and Archaeology. Aspects of the Celtic and Roman World (University of Wales Press, 2002), pp.44-61 RAE2008

Structure of glasses and melts

Wilding, M. C., Benmore, C. J. (2006). Structure and Glasses and Melts. reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 63 (1), 275-311 RAE2008

Chemical vapour deposition of complex ferroic oxide thin films

Herein is presented a novel chemical vapour deposition (CVD) route for the fabrication of oxide ferroelectrics. A versatile layer-by-layer growth mode was developed to prepare naturally super-latticed bismuth based materials belonging to the Aurivillius phase family, with which good control over composition and crystal structure was achieved. In chapter 3, the effect of epitaxial strain on one of the very simple oxide materials TiO2 was studied. It has been found that the ultra-thin TiO2 films demonstrate ferroelectric behaviour when grown on NdGaO3 substrates. TiO2 exists in various crystal phases, but none of them show ferroelectric behaviour. The epitaxial strain due to the substrate, changes the crystal structure from tetragonal to orthorhombic which in turn leads to ferroelectric behaviour. In chapter 4, a unique growth method for multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films is shown, where a phase pure BFO thin films can be prepared even in the presence of excess bismuth precursor during the growth process. This type of growth is usually called adsorption controlled growth and can be used for growing various bismuth containing compounds, where the volatility of bismuth can create various types of defects. Chapter 5 describes the growth of Bi4Ti3O12 thin films in a layer-by-layer growth mode. In this section, the effect of Bi and Ti precursor flows on the growth of thin films is discussed and it is shown that how change in precursor flows leads to out-ofphase boundary defects during the layer-by-layer growth mode. In chapter 6, the growth of a compound Bi5Ti3FeO15, which is a 1:1 mixture of BiFeO3 and Bi4Ti3O12, is presented. The growth mechanism of Bi5Ti3FeO15 thin films is presented, where the Fe precursor flow was controlled from zero to the insertion of one full BiFeO3 perovskite unit cell into the Bi4Ti3O12 structure in addition, the effect of iron precursor flow on crystalline properties is demonstrated. The methods presented in this thesis can be adopted to grow ferroelectric and multiferroic films for industrial applications.

Kant, le philosophe parodié: “mauvais usage” de la Critique de la raison pure dans le Saint Genet de Sartre

Aachen

Le néant dans L’Etre et le Néant et la Critique de la raison pure

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Hepcidin as a therapeutic tool to limit iron overload and improve anemia in β-thalassemic mice.

Excessive iron absorption is one of the main features of β-thalassemia and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Serial analyses of β-thalassemic mice indicate that while hemoglobin levels decrease over time, the concentration of iron in the liver, spleen, and kidneys markedly increases. Iron overload is associated with low levels of hepcidin, a peptide that regulates iron metabolism by triggering degradation of ferroportin, an iron-transport protein localized on absorptive enterocytes as well as hepatocytes and macrophages. Patients with β-thalassemia also have low hepcidin levels. These observations led us to hypothesize that more iron is absorbed in β-thalassemia than is required for erythropoiesis and that increasing the concentration of hepcidin in the body of such patients might be therapeutic, limiting iron overload. Here we demonstrate that a moderate increase in expression of hepcidin in β-thalassemic mice limits iron overload, decreases formation of insoluble membrane-bound globins and reactive oxygen species, and improves anemia. Mice with increased hepcidin expression also demonstrated an increase in the lifespan of their red cells, reversal of ineffective erythropoiesis and splenomegaly, and an increase in total hemoglobin levels. These data led us to suggest that therapeutics that could increase hepcidin levels or act as hepcidin agonists might help treat the abnormal iron absorption in individuals with β-thalassemia and related disorders.

Development of Stimulus-Responsive Ligands for the Modulation of Copper and Iron Coordination

The ability to manipulate the coordination chemistry of metal ions has significant ramifications for the study and treatment of metal-related health concerns, including iron overload, UV skin damage, and microbial infection among many other conditions. To address this concern, chelating agents that change their metal binding characteristics in response to external stimuli have been synthesized and characterized by several spectroscopic and chromatographic analytical methods. The primary stimuli of interest for this work are light and hydrogen peroxide.

Herein we report the previously unrecognized photochemistry of aroylhydrazone metal chelator ((E)-N′-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyliden]isonicotinoylhydrazide) (HAPI) and its relation to HAPI metal binding properties. Based on promising initial results, a series of HAPI analogues was prepared to probe the structure-function relationships of aroylhydrazone photochemistry. These efforts elucidate the tunable nature of several aroylhydrazone photoswitching properties.

Ongoing efforts in this laboratory seek to develop compounds called prochelators that exhibit a switch from low to high metal binding affinity upon activation by a stimulus of interest. In this context, we present new strategies to install multiple desired functions into a single structure. The prochelator 2-((E)-1-(2-isonicotinoylhydrazono)ethyl)phenyl (E)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate (PC-HAPI) is masked with a photolabile trans-cinnamic acid protecting group that releases umbelliferone, a UV-absorbing, antioxidant coumarin along with a chelating agent upon UV irradiation. In addition to the antioxidant effects of the coumarin, the released chelator (HAPI) inhibits metal-catalyzed production of damaging reactive oxygen species. Finally a peroxide-sensitive prochelator quinolin-8-yl (Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)acrylate (BCQ) has been prepared using a novel synthetic route for functionalized cis-cinnamate esters. BCQ uses a novel masking strategy to trigger a 90-fold increase in fluorescence emission, along with the release of a desired chelator, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

Algae-Based Purification of Landfill Biogas Using a CO2 Removal System and Helical Photobioreactor in Series

Biogas is a mixture of methane and other gases. In its crude state, it contains carbon dioxide (CO2) that reduces its energy efficiency and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that is toxic and highly corrosive. Because chemical methods of removal are expensive and environmentally hazardous, this project investigated an algal-based system to remove CO2 from biogas. An anaerobic digester was used to mimic landfill biogas. Iron oxide and an alkaline spray were used to remove H2S and CO2 respectively. The CO2-laden alkali solution was added to a helical photobioreactor where the algae metabolized the dissolved CO2 to generate algal biomass. Although technical issues prevented testing of the complete system for functionality, cost analysis was completed and showed that the system, in its current state, is not economically feasible. However, modifications may reduce operation costs.

Characteristics of the biphasic action of androgens and of the potent antiproliferative effects of the new pure antiestrogen EM-139 on cell cycle kinetic parameters in LNCaP human prostatic cancer cells

The most potent steroid in human prostatic carcinoma LNCaP cells, i.e. dihydrotestosterone (DHT), has a biphasic stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. At the maximal stimulatory concentration of 0.1 nM DHT, analysis of cell kinetic parameters shows a decrease of the G0-G1 fraction with a corresponding increase of the S and G2 + M fractions. In contrast, concentrations of 1 nM DHT or higher induce a return of cell proliferation to control levels, reflected by an increase in the G0-G1 fraction at the expense of the S and especially the G2 + M fractions. Continuous labeling for 144 h with the nucleotide analogue 5'-bromodeoxyuridine shows that the percentage of cycling LNCaP cells rises more than 90% after treatment with stimulatory concentrations of DHT, whereas in control cells as well as in cells treated with high concentrations of the androgen, this value remains below 50%. Although LNCaP cells do not contain detectable estrogen receptors, the new pure steroidal antiestrogen EM-139 not only reversed the stimulation of cell proliferation and cell kinetics induced by stimulatory doses of DHT but also inhibited basal cell proliferation.

Optimizing the operation of straight-grate iron-ore pellet induration systems using process models

Mathematical models of straight-grate pellet induration processes have been developed and carefully validated by a number of workers over the past two decades. However, the subsequent exploitation of these models in process optimization is less clear, but obviously requires a sound understanding of how the key factors control the operation. In this article, we show how a thermokinetic model of pellet induration, validated against operating data from one of the Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOCC) lines in Canada, can be exploited in process optimization from the perspective of fuel efficiency, production rate, and product quality. Most existing processes are restricted in the options available for process optimization. Here, we review the role of each of the drying (D), preheating (PH), firing (F), after-firing (AF), and cooling (C) phases of the induration process. We then use the induration process model to evaluate whether the first drying zone is best to use on the up- or down-draft gas-flow stream, and we optimize the on-gas temperature profile in the hood of the PH, F, and AF zones, to reduce the burner fuel by at least 10 pct over the long term. Finally, we consider how efficient and flexible the process could be if some of the structural constraints were removed (i.e., addressed at the design stage). The analysis suggests it should be possible to reduce the burner fuel lead by 35 pct, easily increase production by 5+ pct, and improve pellet quality.

Micromagnetic simulation of domain walls in iron films

The micromagnetic structure and energy of 180° domain walls spanning laminar crystals of iron having (100) or (110) surfaces and ranging in thickness from 145 to 580 nm have been investigated by numerical integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Stable equilibrium structures with two flux symmetries were obtained for both crystal orientations at all thicknesses studied.

Modelling electromagnetically levitated liquid droplet oscillations

This work comprises accurate computational analysis of levitated liquid droplet oscillations in AC and DC magnetic fields. The AC magnetic field interacting with the induced electric current within the liquid metal droplet generates intense fluid flow and the coupled free surface oscillations. The pseudo-spectral technique is used to solve the turbulent fluid flow equations for the continuously dynamically transformed axisymmetric fluid volume. The volume electromagnetic force distribution is updated with the shape and position change. We start with the ideal fluid test case for undamped Rayleigh frequency oscillations in the absence of gravity, and then add the viscous and the DC magnetic field damping. The oscillation frequency spectra are further analysed for droplets levitated against gravity in AC and DC magnetic fields at various combinations. In the extreme case electrically poorly conducting, diamagnetic droplet (water) levitation dynamics are simulated. Applications are aimed at pure electromagnetic material processing techniques and the material properties measurements in uncontaminated conditions.

Computational fluid dynamics: advancements in technology for modeling iron and steelmaking processes

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software technology has formed the basis of many investigations into the behavior and optimization of primary iron and steelmaking processes for the last 25+ years. The objective of this contribution is to review the progress in CFD technologies over the last decade or so and how this can be brought to bear in advancing the process analysis capability of primary ferrous operations. In particular, progress on key challenges such as compute performance, fluid-structure transformation and interaction, and increasingly complex geometries are highlighted.

Synthesis and spectroscopic investigation of iron(III) complexes of N'-(thioaroyl)pyridine-2-carbohydrazides

A new series of iron(III) complexes [Fe(L(1))(HL(1))], [Fe(L(1)) Cl]; [H2L(1) = N'-(2-methoxythiobenzoyl)pyridine-2-carbohydrazide], [Fe(L(2))(acac)], [Fe(HL(2))2 Cl]; [H2L(2) = N'-(4-methoxythiobenzoyl)pyridine-2-carbohydrazide] and [Fe(L(3)) (acac)]; [H2L(3) = N'-(2-hydroxythiobenzoyl)pyridine-2-carbohydrazide] were prepared by stirring/refluxing/mixing the respective ligand with FeCl3/Fe(acac)3 in chloroform/methanol. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, IR, UV and Mossbauer spectral data. The complexes high/low spin state and have tetrahedral/octahedral geometry.