Conhecimentos e práticas dos agentes comunitários de saúde na promoção do aleitamento materno

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Exogenous bacterial osteomyelitis in 52 dogs: a retrospective study of etiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile (2000-2013)

Background: Most clinical cases of osteomyelitis in dogs involve infectious agents, especially bacteria and fungi. The characterization of these microorganisms may aid in the prevention and treatment of disease.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively microbiological cultures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates from 52 cases of bacterial osteomyelitis in long bones of dogs over 2000-2013. In 78% of the cases injuries were caused by a motor vehicle accident, but there were a few cases of dog bites (17%) and ascending infection due to pododermatitis (5%).Animals and methods: The isolated microorganisms were identified based on conventional phenotypic methods. In vitro disk diffusion test was performed using 30 different antimicrobials.Results: The isolates were obtained from femur (28%), humerus (16%), tibia (31%), and radius/ulna (25%). Among 52 cases, culture was positive in 88% of cases. Thirteen genus of different species of microorganisms were isolated. The most common microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli followed by Streptococcus spp., enteric bacteria, Corynebacterium sp. and anaerobic bacteria. In 42% of cases cultures were mixed. The most effective drugs against isolated bacteria were amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (79%) followed by ceftriaxone (69%). High-resistance rates were documented against azithromycin (80%), penicillin (59%), and clindamycin (59%).Conclusions: The present study highlights diverse etiologic agents in cases of infectious bacterial osteomyelitis, with predominance of Staphylococcus genus, and reinforces the importance of obtaining cultures and susceptibility profiles given the high rates of antimicrobial resistance.

Alveolar ridge augmentation with the perforated and nonperforated bone grafts

Purpose: Autogenous bones are frequently used because of their lack of antigenicity, but good osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study evaluated the biological behavior of perforated and nonperforated cortical block bone grafts.Methods: Ten nonsmoking patients who required treatment due to severe resorption of the alveolar process and subsequent implant installation were included in the study. The inclusion criteria was loss of one or more teeth; the presence of atrophy of the alveolar process with the indication of reconstruction procedures to allow rehabilitation with dental implants; and the absence of systemic disease, local infection, or inflammation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups based on whether they received a perforated (inner surface) or nonperforated graft. After a 6-month healing period, a biopsy was performed and osseointegrated implants were installed in the same procedure.Results: Fibrous connective tissue was evident at the interface in patients who received nonperforated grafts. However, full union between the graft and host bed was visible in those who had received a perforated graft.Conclusions: We found that cortical inner side perforations at donor sites increased the surface area and opened the medullary cavity. Our results indicate an increased rate of graft incorporation in patients who received such perforated grafts.

A simulação de Monte Carlo como instrumento fundamental para a análise de viabilidade econômica: a implementação de uma fundição de ferro em uma empresa metalúrgica

In uncertainly economic scenarios, an economic feasibility analysis must be done to accept a project based on investment criteria, such as NPV and IRR, mainly because the shareholders tend to invest their budget in a project if it has a great chance to return their investments. The studied company outsources all of its foundry services, what makes it very dependent of its suppliers, because the products have a lower quality level, long delivery periods and high prices. Therefore, this work will analyze the project of building an iron-casting foundry to decrease the dependence of its suppliers. In order to develop this research, all needed data related to the construction of the foundry and sales were collected to create deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo Simulation) cash flows using MsExcel® and Oracle's Crystal Ball® software. As a result, the project was found to be risky by the NPV and IRR in the case of this new production line supplying only the internal needs. However, when the company offers its services to the foundry market, the project turns to be feasible

Análise das propriedades físicas em estrutura do tecido ósseo de eqüinos

This project has several objectives: To determine medium values and variations of the density, porosity, humidity, shrinkage volume and the coefficient of mass attenuation of gamma radiation of 59,6 keV of the radioisotope 241Am, using samples of equine radio, in growth and adult. The samples of bones were supplied by the Department of Pathology of University of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics - UNESP campus Botucatu. Bones of the paws front left of two males were used. Of each bone ten samples were removed. Those samples were prepared to just obtain compact bony fabric, being submitted to the rehearsal of determination of the density by the immersion method in water and determination of the coefficient attenuation lineal for the method of attenuation of the radiation of the 241Am, also obtaining your humidity content. Still, they were obtained new samples starting from the ground samples and verified the density of the particles present in that, obtaining the medium value of the coefficient of mass attenuation. The results showed the medium values and significant statistical variations of the density, porosity, humidity, shrinkage volume and coefficient of mass attenuation of gamma radiation of 59, 6 keV of the radioisotope 241Am in the samples, establishing some relationships between of the certain physical parameters with biological aspects and possible existent influences between them

Manejo pré-abate de bovinos

The pre-slaughter moment begins with the animal´s loading on the farm and ends up in its drain. It is a period in which the animal is under physical stress caused by hunger, thirst, fatigue, injuries, and extremes of temperature and psychological stress, due to restraint, handling, innovation and fear. Stress and inappropriate handling bring bad consequences for the final product´s quality, requiring better handling conditions, facilities and equipment. Examples of consequences of mishandling: meat with abnormal color, DFD meat (dark, firm and dry), reduced product´s shelf life, bruises and broken bones in carcasses. The operators should be trained and oriented on the basic principles of biology, behavior and management of cattle. At every step of the pre-slaughter moment, the animals should be handled calmly and quietly to avoid excitement and stress. Operators should avoid shouting, whistling or any noise since cattle have very sensitive ears and can become stressed. If the animals refuse to move, the cause of the problem should be determined

Estudo citogenético em neoplasias e lesões proliferativas ósseas

A busca pela identificação de fatores que possam apontar o diagnóstico, a resposta terapêutica e sobrevida dos pacientes portadores de neoplasias ósseas tem sido incessante. Poderá ser de grande valia na escolha da proposta terapêutica presumir a agressividade tumoral, capacidade de invasão tecidual, propensão ao desenvolvimento de metástases e resposta ao tratamento. As neoplasias ósseas constituem um grupo heterogêneo de tumores, considerando-se os sítios anatômicos e a etiologia. Existe uma grande dificuldade para se estabelecer o prognóstico nestas patologias. Estudos citogenéticos possibilitam um melhor conhecimento antecipado dessas doenças. Embora fatores ambientais e dietéticos contribuam para a etiologia do câncer, as neoplasias se originam de um processo de múltiplos passos envolvendo alterações de genes e seleção clonal da progênie variante. Estas mutações ocorrem em classes de genes reguladores da proliferação celular como os oncogenes, genes supressores de tumor, fatores de crescimento, vias de sinalização e genes de reparo de DNA. Este projeto tem por objetivo detectar e descrever alterações cromossômicas consistentes e recorrentes através da utilização da citogenética clássica e o seu envolvimento no prognóstico em neoplasias ósseas, de pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP. Os conhecimentos sobre a biologia molecular melhoram o entendimento sobre os múltiplos aspectos da carcinogênese. Entretanto, embora, as perspectivas permaneçam, não houve até agora benefícios significativos em termos de prevenção, diagnóstico tratamento e seguimento dos pacientes com lesões ósseas. Este projeto visa estudos na tentativa de contribuir para um melhor entendimento e, por conseqüência, gerar dados para posteriores empregos em terapias mais eficazes para melhorar as taxas de sobrevida e beneficiar maior número de pacientes com neoplasias ósseas

Efeito da plataforma vibratória na recuperação da densidade óssea de ratas ovariectomizadas

As mudanças demográficas decorrentes do envelhecimento populacional têm contribuído substancialmente para o aumento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis relacionadas à idade, dentre elas está a osteoporose, considerada um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, por sua prevalência crescente e pela associação a fraturas em diversas áreas do corpo, com graves repercussões clínicas e sociais. Com isso vem se buscando cada vez mais alternativas de exercício físico válidas para o combate e prevenção a estas doenças ósseas. Como possível alternativa têm se estudado os efeitos e benefícios dos treinamentos realizados em Plataformas Vibratórias, equipamento que através de baixa amplitude e alta freqüência pode vir a influenciar positivamente nas capacidades físicas. Portanto, devido à escassez de informações acerca dos efeitos do exercício na plataforma vibratória sobre a microarquitetura dos ossos em indivíduos idosos e já acometidos pela osteoporose, o objetivo deste estudo foi, com um modelo animal, descrever através de imagens de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), a reação do tecido ósseo de ratas idosas ovariectomizadas ao exercício em Plataforma Vibratória. Para execução deste estudo foram utilizadas 20 ratas Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus Albinus Wistar), separadas em 4 grupos: Sedentário Controle (S), Sedentário Ovariectomizado (SO), Treinado Controle (T) e Treinado Ovariectomizado (TO). Como protocolo de treinamento a plataforma vibratória foi regulada com freqüência de 35 Hz e amplitude baixa (1 a 2 mm) e consistiu de uma fase de adaptação ao exercício e à vibração e após este período uma fase de treinamento. Para análise a região do osso selecionada foi o terço proximal da diáfise do fêmur. Como resultado, obtivemos que para o grupo SO a indução à osteoporose foi positiva quando comparada ao grupo S, que ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Biomateriais e terapia celular na reparação da cartilagem articular em equinos

Articular cartilage is the structure that coats the bone ends in regions where two bones are articulated, allowing movement. It has inefficient intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of repair, usually resulting in fibrocartilage formation after injury. Such repair have lower strength, stiffness and usability features when compared to hyaline cartilage. The mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to regenerate tissue without the production of scar, and because of this feature it is well studied. But to have its maximum chondrogenic potential, it is necessary to use scaffolds and growth factors. Biomaterials play the role of scaffold for the cells allowing them to become attached, grow and produce extracellular matrix, leading to formation of repair with hyaline cartilage. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to provide information on the various studies using cell therapy and / or biomaterials to produce hyaline cartilage

Crescimento de apatita na superfície da liga Ti-25Ta empregando dois tipos de tratamento de superfície: biomimético e deposição de polímero por eletrofiação

Titanium and its alloys has been widely used as materials for metallic biomaterials implants are usually employed to restore the hard tissue function, being used for artificial joints and bones, synthetic plates, crowns, dental implants and screws . Objective of this work was the surface modification of Ti-alloy 25Ta from biomimetic surface treatment of employment and deposition of polymer by electrospinning. The league was obtained from the fusion of the pure elements in the arc furnace with controlled atmosphere. The ingots were subjected to heat treatment, cold forged and sectioned discs with 13 mm diameter and 3 mm thick. Two surface treatments was evaluated, biomimetic and electrospinning with PCL fiber. The biomimetic treatment was performed involving alkaline treatment for three molarities 1.5M, 3M and 5M with immersion in SBF. The electrospinning was performed using PCL polymer alloy surface after the alkali treatment Ti25Ta 1M. For this group the polymer coated surfaces were immersed in calcium phosphate containing solution for immobilization of apatite. The results were compared with previous studies using surface treatment group to verify hydroxyapatite formation on the sample surface and it is concluded that the best condition is biomimetic treatment with 5M alkali treatment and heat treatment at 80 ° C for 72 hours

Comportamento informacional de profissionais no domínio da saúde: um estudo junto ao Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Avaliação da sensibilidade insulínica, transdução do sinal insulínico e da densidade mineral óssea em ratas tratadas com fluoreto de sódio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Representantes da megafauna pleistocênica do sítio fossilífero de Pau Ferrado (Jaupaci, Goiás)

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Aesthetic rehabilitation of oligodontia in primary dentition with adhesive partial denture

The primary teeth are essential for bone development and establishment of the arches on occlusion. Thus, the congenitally absence of teeth may trigger a shift in the balance of the occlusion, promoting disharmony in the structures of the maxilla-mandibular system. However, some interventions are possible to be performed in these cases even in pediatric patients, to redirect growth, preventing growth deviations and reestablishing the aesthetic. The aim of this paper is to report the treatment of a 4-year-old child presenting congenitally absence of mandibular central and lateral incisors and maxilla lateral incisors, which consequently compromises aesthetics, occlusal function, and the development and the functional growth of the bones. The oral rehabilitation was performed with an adhesive partial denture, which was able to restore the aesthetic and the occlusal function, therefore being a viable alternative in the treatment of this patient of little age.

Manejo das fraturas nasais com manutenção das vias aéreas superiores

Nasal fractures are extremely frequent. The nasal bones are the third most frequently fractured bones in the human skeleton. This is due to their prominent position on the face and to the diminished bone thickness. As a result, weak forces can cause nasal fractures, while stronger forces can comminute the nasal bones. In general, assaults, falls and sports injuries are the etiologies most commonly involved in nasal trauma. The diagnosis of such fractures is basically clinical and their treatment is usually by closed reduction with good results reported in all the relevant literature. Thus, the aim of this paper is to report a modification of the closed reduction technique for the treatment of these fractures.