UTFORMNING AV GÅNG-, CYKEL- OCH MOPED-NÄT ANPASSAT FÖR ELCYKEL

Purpose: An increase in the number of pedelecs on Swedish roads is according to studies soon reality. This creates a need to adapt the bmp-grid (bike-, moped- and pedestrian-grid) to pedelecs for them to experience good security, accessibility and comfort while using it. The guidelines Swedish municipalities follow are VGU(Design of Roads and Streets) and the GCM-manual(Bike-, moped-, and pedestrian-manual) which currently do not take society’s future increase of pedelecs into account. VGU and the GCM-manual are tools that are commonly used during planning and design of roads and streets. The aim of the thesis is to use current advice and recommendations on how to adapt the bmp-grid to the pedelec and with this complete current guidelines for bmp-infrastructure. Method: The document-analysis is made on current federal documents that have an impact on bmp-design. Scetch-suggestions were then developed from the author’s personal improvement suggestions and from advice and recommendations gathered during the document-analysis and the theoretical framework. Findings: It was discovered that if the bmp-grid’s design allow bikes traveling up to 30km/h and has a good standard for bicycles according to VGU, then the infrastructure generally fulfil the needs of the pedelec. Altough there are still areas in VGU that needs complements. This need to be done on the design-guidelines so they can aid the adaption of the infrastructure to the pedelec during the planning- and design process. Necessary steps according to the result is to give clearer notifications on bmp-design, issue guidelines for choosing DTS, motivate minimal widths on roads, categories bikers and pedestrians into separate groups, give out more detailed descriptions of when separation of bikers and pedestrians should be done and also to specify different types of bike-users. When taking needs and claim of the pedelec into consideration the result shows that: adaption of the whole bmp-grid to the pedelec is not possible, to simplify priorities the bmp-grid needs to be divided into different sections, space should be taken from the car-traffic, solutions with mixed-traffic and bike-fields for pedelecs can be used in low-speed areas, larger opportunities to connect towns to increase commuting with bicycles appeared with the pedelec. Implications: After examining current guidelines regarding the design of the bmp-grid and gathering opinions on this from interviews the conclusion is that several areas in VGU needs completion. The following are recommendations on how to take the pedelec into consideration during the design-process:• Connect towns and urban-areas with bmp-grids to make use of pedelecs capacity.• Where there is not enough space for both cars and separated pedelec- and bike lanes the speed for car-traffic can be lowered to 30km/h. This creates opportunities with mixed-traffic or bike-lanes.• The width of existing roads and streets are often greater than what’s described in VGU. They can be made smaller to free space on roads for bicycle-infrastructure.• To prioritize which parts of the bmp-grid that needs design to allow pedelecs the bmp-grid can be divided into main- and local grid. The main grid should be design with consideration to the needs and claim of the pedelecs. Limitations: The limitation of the study lies in that none of the interviews where done with employees in any of the bigger municipalities in Sweden. This gives the study a general application in small- to middle-sized cities but not in bigger cities.Keywords: elcykel, ebike, pedelec, utformning, cykel, infrastruktur, infrastructure, society, planering, utformning, säkerhet, fordonstyp

Feeling existentially touched - A phenomenological notion of the well-being of elderly living in special housing accommodation from the perspective of care professionals

This article presents a phenomenological analysis of interview material, in which 12 care professionals in elderly care reflect on the elderly's well-being within the frame of special housing accommodation. The perspective of the care professionals is of special interest. The findings show that the well-being is characterized as the elderly's feelings of being existentially touched. The well-being is an existential experience of being acknowledged as a human being and is an approach that classifies the elderly's needs as those of having, loving, and being. The meaning of the phenomenon is elucidated by the constituents: (1) to feel the freedom of choice, (2) to feel pleasure, and (3) to feel closeness to someone or something. The findings contribute new understanding of well-being in the elderly care by its existential dimension of the well-being as "just being'' and of doing things in order to experience meaningfulness. Accordingly, the well-being of the elderly as it is seen from the perspective of the care professionals involves both carers' subjectivity and intersubjectivity between the care professional and the elderly. An implication for promoting elderly's well-being is to develop awareness of these existential dimensions.

5 Sentidos

5 Sentidos es un restaurante que se crea a partir de las expectativas que tienen las personas de encontrar un lugar novedoso, diferente y divertido, salido de lo común. Es un lugar fusión que contempla tanto de la gastronomía moderna como la clásica, donde se da cabida al público de experimentar el uso de todos sus sentidos en un recinto bañado de sorpresas desde el momento de cruzar la puerta, dando acogida a un gran sector demográfico el cual consideraba que no podía acceder a un sitio como este, para probar la magia culinaria que allí se ofrece. 5 Sentidos se aleja de la formalidad y elegancia de un sitio que se caracteriza por la comida que allí se ofrece para dar paso a la informalidad, donde las personas que allí acuden, son grupos de amigos o familiares que buscan encontrar un lugar casual y relajado. 5 Sentidos pretende inspirar a esas personas que consideran que hay cosas imposibles tanto de crear como de imaginar, para que se lancen a crear, hacer, construir; no construyan sueños, hagan sus sueños realidad.

La presencia del Soft Law en el derecho administrativo colombiano : los documentos Conpes como manifestación del Soft Law en Colombia

El derecho internacional, como el derecho administrativo de cada Estado, se encuentra vinculado a la finalidad universal del derecho. No obstante, la influencia de la comunidad internacional en los asuntos jurídicos de los Estados está generando, con el auge de la globalización, mecanismos o instrumentos que de forma no impositiva pero sí persuasiva, vienen delimitando las competencias estatales. Estos instrumentos ejercen la función de ordenar los ámbitos de validez de dichas competencias jurídicas y administrativas internas, a través de formas declaratorias de carácter internacional, mediante normas jurídicas blandas denominadas soft law. El amplio y variado uso del soft law en temas como los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente plantea una dificultad para la teoría tradicional de fuentes, inspirada en la voluntad de los Estados, los cuales se constituyen a partir de su soberanía estatal (hard law). Esto sugiere una dicotomía jurídica, en donde el soft law se contrasta con las reglas legales que definen obligaciones específicas de hard law, es decir, “son normas o principios más abiertos o generales en su contenido y significado, comprendiéndose como suaves. En tal caso, el Soft Law plantea una apertura a la internacionalización y democratización del derecho administrativo. La creciente adopción de instrumentos de soft law de influencia internacional o global permite la participación de actores no estatales, tales como las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG), y de carácter civil en la construcción de políticas e instrumentos que en ocasiones adquieren más legitimidad que las leyes creadas para atender tales asuntos.

Lugares de montanha: proposta de reactivação de uma aldeia do Vale do rio Ceira, Serra da Lousã

O território da Serra da Lousã, quase desabitado e profundamente descaracterizado, esconde lugares em ruína e indícios de vivências passadas que a montanha teima em reclamar. Importa recuperar esses lugares reinventando-os, sob pena de se perderem com o passar do tempo e o avanço do meio natural. Este trabalho debruça-se sobre um dos lugares abandonados desta serra, a Silveira de Baixo, procurando nas suas raízes oportunidades para uma reactivação. Estuda a hipótese de tornar a aldeia e esta parte da serra, acessíveis a pessoas portadoras de deficiências, físicas ou cognitivas, tendo assim um duplo objetivo: permitir o acesso para todos a lugares de grande beleza natural e reactivar uma economia local que permita um desenvolvimento sustentado, através de actividades e produtos nativos deste território, conservando assim alguns dos seus saberes ancestrais. Desenha-se deste modo o início de uma comunidade, experimentando um equilíbrio entre o antigo e o contemporâneo, negando a musealização do lugar que o pode tornar estéril e constitui um impedimento no retorno de vida a este território. Assim, o trabalho experimenta o papel da arquitectura na reactivação de um lugar antigo e com marcas, preservando os seus elementos notáveis e com eles construindo novas espacialidades que ajudem ao estabelecimento de vivências contemporâneas; Mountain setlements: Proposal for reactivating an abandoned village in Ceira river valley, Lousã mountain range Abstract: The Lousã mountain range, almost uninhabited and profoundly decharacterized, speaks to us through its ruins about ways of living that ceased to exist. It is important to recover and reinvent them, otherwise they will slowly vanish as time goes by and nature steps in. This investigation focus on one of these abandoned settlements, Silveira de Baixo. It looks in its roots for opportunities of reactivation, investigating the hypothesis of turning this village and the mountain accessible to the physically and mentally impaired, thus assuming a double objective, of allowing these disabled people to experience a place of extreme beauty and of reinventing and reactivating native productive activities thus conserving them and allowing for the village’s economical sustainability. This work designs a new beginning for a community and experiments the balance between the old and the new, without excessive patrimonialisation that often kills the return of life to such settlements. Experimenting the role of architecture in providing life to an abandoned place through a sustainable intervention.

Qualidade de vida e aptidão física funcional dos idosos do concelho de Évora

Já na antiguidade o Homem se debruçava sobre a temática do envelhecimento, todavia os anos passaram e este fenómeno constitui-se como um dos assuntos da ordem do dia que nos abrange a todos, porque todos queremos vivenciar o prazer de envelhecer, à semelhança dos nossos antepassados. Porém estes procuravam o elixir de uma vida eterna e nós ambicionamos o elixir de uma longa vida com qualidade. Objectivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e aptidão física funcional dos idosos residentes do Concelho de Évora em instituições da rede solidária e nos seus domicílios com idade igual ou superior a 75 anos. Métodos: Após a selecção aleatória e tendo por base os critérios de exclusão (sem défice cognitivo avaliado pelo MMS e sem problemas físicos que impedissem de realizar os testes funcionais) aceitaram participar no estudo 396 idosos do Concelho de Évora dos quais 196 se encontram institucionalizados nos lares da rede solidária e 200 residem nos seus domicílios. Os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados foram o EASYcare e a bateria de testes Rikly Jones- Senior Fitness Test. Conclusões: Os idosos não institucionalizados apresentam melhor qualidade de vida e aptidão física funcional face aos idosos institucionalizados. Os níveis de incapacidade do grupo de idosos são baixos, o que revela que estamos perante um grupo maioritariamente independente. Por sua vez os homens apresentam melhor auto­ percepção da sua qualidade de vida e melhor desempenho nos testes físicos realizados. Com o processo de envelhecimento é notório uma avaliação inferior nas diferentes áreas da qualidade de vida por parte dos idosos assim como um pior desempenho nos testes físicos. Verificou-se também que existem correlações significativas entre as áreas da qualidade de vida avaliadas e os parâmetros de aptidão física funcional considerados, estando estes interrelacionados. ABSTRACT: Introduction: Already in the antiquity Man was dealing with the aging topic, however the years passed and this issue is as one of the topics on the agenda that covers everyone, because we all want to experience the pleasure of growing old, like of our ancestors. Although they sought the elixir of eternal life and we are aiming the elixir of long life with quality. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life and functional fitness of elderly aged over 75 years, residents of the Municipality of Évora in the network institutions in their households. Methods: After random selection and based on the exclusion criteria (no cognitive impairment assessed by MMS and no conditions that hamper them from performing functional tests) agreed to participate in the study 396 elderly from Évora's Municipality of which 196 are institutionalized in nursing homes network of solidarity and 200 reside in their homes. The assessment instruments used were the EASYcare and battery of tests Rikly Jones- Senior Fitness Test. Conclusions: The non-institutionalized elderly have a better quality of life and functional fitness in relation to the institutionalized elderly. The levels of disability in the elderly group are low, indicating that this is a group mostly independent. ln tum the men have better self-perception of their quality of life and better performance in physical tests performed. With the aging process is an assessment of less known in different areas of life quality for elderly people as well as a poorer performance in physical tests. There was also that there are significant correlations between the areas of quality of life and evaluated the parameters of functional fitness considered and these interrelated.