Aislamiento biodirigido de compuestos con actividad antiviral contra VHS-1 y VHS-2 a partir de plantas del noreste de México.

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Química Biomédica) UANL, 2012.

Aplicación de los catalizadores ZnO-Fe?O? y ZnO-Fe? en la degradación fotocatalítica solar de dicamba y 2,4-D.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con orientación en Química Analítica Ambiental) UANL, 2013.

Salud familiar y su relación con la salud individual en diabetes tipo 2.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias de Enfermería) UANL, 2014.

Estudio de maquinabilidad de 2 superaleaciones inconel 617 y 718.

Tesis (Doctor en Ingeniería de Materiales) UANL, 2014.

Determinación y cuantificación de PAHs en partículas PM2.5 en el área metropolitana de Monterrey y su relación con el 1-hidroxipireno como marcador biológico de exposición.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con orientación en Farmacología y Toxicología) UANL, 2014.

Les fonctions de la dialectique chez Aristote selon Topiques I,2

Le but de ce mémoire est d’expliciter en détail et de voir la portée d'un passage bien précis du traité des Topiques, ouvrage où Aristote tente d'élaborer une méthode qui permettra de raisonner de manière dialectique. Dans le deuxième chapitre du premier livre (I, 2), il énonce de manière succincte trois utilités que le traité en question peut procurer à celui qui possède et maîtrise adéquatement cette méthode. En premier lieu, la dialectique servirait de gymnastique intellectuelle pour former l'esprit et lui donner plus de souplesse dans ses raisonnements. Dans un second temps, elle serait utile dans les rencontres de tous les jours avec autrui parce qu’elle permettrait de discuter et d'argumenter sur un sujet donné avec le premier venu. Enfin, il semble également que la dialectique soit utile pour les «connaissances de caractère philosophique», en ce sens qu'elle permettrait de développer les apories et ultimement, d'établir les principes ou les notions premières de chaque science. Dans ce travail, je me propose donc d’examiner chacune de ces prétendues utilités afin de voir comment, et dans quelle mesure, nous pouvons réellement affirmer que la dialectique s’avère profitable pour chacun des services énumérés en Topiques I, 2.

Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on in vivo and in vitro porcine circovirus type 2 infections.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp and is a common contaminant of grains in North America. Among farm animals, swine are the most susceptible to DON because it markedly reduces feed intake and decreases weight gain. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of several syndromes in weaning piglets collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of DON on PCV2 replication in NPTr permissive cell line, and to determine eventual potentiating effects of DON on PCV2 infection in pigs. Noninfected and infected cells with PCV2 were treated with increasing concentrations of DON (0, 70, 140, 280, 560, 1200 ng/mL) and cell survival and virus titer were evaluated 72 h postinfection. Thirty commercial piglets were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 10 animals based on DON content of served diets (0, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/kg DON). All groups were further divided into subgroups of 6 pigs and were inoculated with PCV2b virus. The remaining pigs (control) were sham-inoculated with PBS. In vitro results showed that low concentrations of DON could potentially increase PCV2 replication depending on virus genotype. In vivo results showed that even though viremia and lung viral load tend to be higher in animal ingesting DON contaminated diet at 2.5 mg/kg, DON had no significant effect on clinical manifestation of PCVAD in PCV2b infected animals. DON has neither in vitro nor in vivo clear potentiating effects in the development of porcine circovirus infection despite slight increases in viral replication.

Emergence of a new type of porcine circovirus (PCV) in swine: a type 1 and type 2 PCV recombinant.

In late September 2008, tissue samples from piglets experiencing an acute outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) were submitted to the Veterinary diagnostic service of the University of Montreal. Several diagnostic assays were performed including a multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay (mrtqPCR) for the detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2a and 2b genotypes in the lung and lymph nodes. The pig samples were found to be positive for PCV2a using the mrtqPCR but odd results were obtained. The Ct values obtained with mrtqPCR probes targeting the ORF1 and ORF2 of PCV2 were not as expected which suggested the presence of genomic variations in the PCV2 viral genome. Ultimately, a total of three diagnostic cases with mrtqPCR unusual results were investigated. After virus isolation and sequence analyses, a new type of PCV was identified in those three cases. Based on sequence analyses, this new PCV genome contains the ORF1 of PCV1 and the ORF2 of PCV2a and its entire viral genome nucleotide identity compared to PCV1, PCV2a and 2b are 86.4%, 88.7% and 86.5%, respectively. It is proposed to name this new PCV by taking into account the nomenclature of Segales et al. (2008) and by indicating the origin of the ORF1 at first and the origin of the ORF2 in second. Consequently, the name proposed for this new PCV is PCV1/2a. The prevalence of PCV1/2a seems to be very low in Quebec, Canada (2.5% of PCV positive cases), and its origin is now in debate.

Synthèse et étude de nouvelles molécules potentiellement polymérisables pour la fabrication de matériaux électroluminescents : analogues du 1,3,5 benzènetripyrrole, méthyle 3,5-bipyrrolebenzoate et 6,12-diméthyle-1,5-dipyrrolediazocane

Pyrroles are found in various natural products and in the chemical composition of certain drugs because of their interesting biological properties. Lipitor, Tolmetin and Amtolmetin are examples of drugs with 1,2,5-substituted pyrroles in their composition, in which biological activities have been certified. Moreover, pyrroles are used as precursors of semiconductor polymers, oligomers and dendrimers useful for the synthesis of electroluminescent materials used in devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, solar and organic photovoltaic cells. We are interested in conjugated polymers based on pyrrole due to their optical properties, electrochemical and the conductivity produced by electron delocalization along their carbon chains. The overall objective of the work presented in this thesis is the synthesis of new molecules based on pyrrole for studying their electronic and electrochemical properties as well for the synthesis of conjugated polymers. Initially, we performed the synthesis of 1,3,5-tri-(1-alkyl-5-methylpyrrol-2-yl)benzenes, which may serve as precursors for the synthesis of conjugated dendrimers. Their synthesis was made in three steps starting from trimethyl 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylate which was converted to 1,3,5-tri-(pent-4-enoyl)benzene using vinylmagnesium bromide in a Grignard reaction catalyzed by copper cyanide. The olefins of 1,3,5-tri-(pent-4-enoyl)benzene were oxidized to produce 1,3,5-tri-(4-oxopentanoyl)benzene using a modified protocol of the Tsuji-Wacker reaction. Subsequent, Paal-Knorr condensation reactions on 1,3,5-tri-(4-oxopentanoyl)benzene with different amines were used to synthesize 1,3,5-tri-(1-alkyl-5-methylpyrrol-2-yl)benzenes with different N-substituents in yields between 44 and 60%. Incomplete reaction of vinylmagnesium bromide with trimethyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate gave the methyl-3,5-di(pent-4-enoyl)benzoate, which was converted to methyl-3,5-dipyrrolylbenzoate following the reaction of Tsuji- Wacker and Paal-Knorr with yields between 30 and 60%. The photochemical and electrochemical properties of the 1,3,5-tri-(1-alkyl-5-methylpyrrol-2-yl)benzenes and methyl-3,5-dipyrrolylbenzoates were studied in collaboration with the research group of professor William Skene. The results have shown that both types of pyrrole have potential for the synthesis of conjugated polymers and dendrimers used in the manufacture of electroluminescent materials. Following these encouraging results, we performed the synthesis of 6,12-dimethyl-1,5-dipyrrolediazocane. Methyl N-(Boc)-β-alaninate was converted to its corresponding homoallylic ketone, which was oxidized to N-(Boc)aminoheptan-3,6-dione. The Paal-Knorr condensation between N-(Boc)aminoheptan-3,6-dione and aminoheptan-3,6-dione hydrochloride gave 6,12-dimethyl-1,5-dipyrrolediazocane in 17% yield. In sum, we have synthesized and characterized seven new molecules, six of them having photochemical and electrochemical properties interesting for the synthesis of conjugated polymers and dendrimers. The latter offering potential as precursor for the conception of compounds of therapeutic interest.

Le moi, le caractère et l’identité personnelle chez David Hume

David Hume, dans son Traité sur la nature humaine, utilise deux concepts qui semblent se rapporter à l’identité personnelle d’un individu : le moi (self) et le caractère personnel. Cependant, dans le Traité, il ne traite pas à la fois de l’un et de l’autre : dans le premier livre, « De l’entendement », il s’intéresse au moi, alors que dans les second et troisième livres, « Des passions » et « De la morale » il traite plutôt du caractère. On constate alors qu’il y a une nette différence chez Hume entre ce qui constitue le moi d’un individu et son caractère personnel. Ils ne se définissent absolument pas de la même manière et au final, ils ne se rapportent pas, tous deux, à l’identité personnelle. Le caractère qui permet d’aborder la question de la responsabilité morale d’un individu, ce que le moi ne peut pas faire, constitue la véritable identité d’un individu.

La démocratie directe, cette divine imposture

Est-il possible de comparer la démocratie au despotisme sans susciter de fâcheux malentendus ? Aristote et Rousseau s’y sont risqués à leurs époques respectives. Le directeur du Lycée distingue ainsi, dans ses Politiques, quatre formes de démocratie dont seule la dernière peut, en toute rigueur, être qualifiée de « directe » et de despotique, parce que le peuple, dirigé par les démagogues, finit par y gouverner sans la loi. Quant à l’écrivain genevois, il ne semble imaginer dans le livre III du Contrat social qu’une seule forme de démocratie, celle qui réunirait entre les mains du peuple assemblé les pouvoirs législatif et exécutif de l’État. Et si pareille démocratie pouvait exister, elle serait pire que le despotisme entendu au sens qu’on lui prête au XVIIIe siècle d’usurpation du pouvoir législatif par le gouvernement, parce qu’elle se traduirait nécessairement par la corruption du Souverain. Il s’agit donc d’étudier les textes et les analogies qu’ils contiennent, afin de voir en quoi la démocratie directe – hypothétique pour Rousseau, mais bien réelle pour Aristote – est tantôt l’analogue de la tyrannie, tantôt le pire des maux que puisse connaître l’État.

Copper(II) complexes of embelin and 2-aminobenzimidazole encapsulated in zeolite Y-potential as catalysts

Copper(II) complexes of two biologically important ligands, viz., embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-2,5-cyclohexadien 1,4-dione) and 2-aminobenzimidazole were entrapped in the cages of zeolite Y by the flexible ligand method. The capability of these compounds in catalyzing the reduction of oxygen (industrially known as deoxo reaction) was explored and the results indicate an enhancement of the catalytic properties from that of the simple copper ion exchanged zeolite. These point to the ability of the ligands in enhancing the oxygen binding capability of the metal ion. Elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), diffuse reflectance and EPR spectral studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements, TG, surface area analyses and powder X-ray diffraction studies were used in understanding the presence, composition and structure of the complexes inside the cages. The study also reveals the increased thermal and mechanical stability of the complexes as a result of encapsulation.

Copper(II) complexes of N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazones derived from pyridine-2-carbaldehyde: Crystal structure of a binuclear complex

Ten copper(II) complexes {[CuL1Cl] (1), [CuL1NO3]2 (2), [CuL1N3]2 · 2/3H2O (3), [CuL1]2(ClO4)2 · 2H2O (4), [CuL2Cl]2 (5), [CuL2N3] (6), [Cu(HL2)SO4]2 · 4H2O (7), [Cu(HL2)2] (ClO4)2 · 1/2EtOH (8), [CuL3Cl]2 (9), [CuL3NCS] · 1/2H2O (10)} of three NNS donor thiosemicarbazone ligands {pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-p-methoxyphenyl thiosemicarbazone [HL1], pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-2-phenethyl thiosemicarbazone [HL2] and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde N(4)-(methyl), N(4)-(phenyl) thiosemicarbazone [HL3]} were synthesized and physico-chemically characterized. The crystal structure of compound 9 has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies and is found that the dimer consists of two square pyramidal Cu(II) centers linked by two chlorine atoms.

Plan de evaluación del español como segunda lengua en contextos escolares de enseñanza obligatoria de la Región de Murcia : pruebas de evaluación. 2 Parte.

Las pruebas destinadas a la evaluación de las destrezas lingüísticas se organizan en fichas para el alumno y fichas para el evaluador.La carpeta contiene también tablas de registro y una tabla de evaluación global.- Esta parte da continuidad a la guía de evaluación que con el mismo título publicó la Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Región de Murcia en el año 2007.

Determinantes sociales de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en niños menores de 5 años en países en desarrollo

Antecedentes: Cada año hay 2,5 billones de casos de diarrea en menores de 5 años y 1,3 millones de estos niños mueren; lo que constituye a la EDA como segunda causa de muerte en este grupo de edad Metodología: Análisis transversal transnacional multinivel de la Encuesta DHS y el Banco Mundial en 348.706 niños de 40 países Resultados: Prevalencia de EDA 14%. Inequidad (OR=1.335; IC 95% 1.117-1.663) y bajos ingresos en las naciones (OR=1.488; IC 95% 1.024-2.163) presentaron asociación con EDA. Vivir en un país pobre aumenta la asociación entre el índice de riqueza del hogar y EDA (OR=1.0961; IC 95% 1.003-1.207) y la asociación entre no educación de la madre y EDA (OR=1.310; IC 95% 1.035-1.601). Otros factores asociados con EDA fueron sexo femenino, (OR=0.922; IC 95% 1.900-0.944), edad de niño (OR=0.978; IC 95% 0.978-0.979), vacunación (OR=0.821; IC 95% 0.799-0.843), peso normal al nacer (OR=0.879; IC 95% 0.834-0.926), edad de la madre (OR=0.987; IC 95% 0.985-0.989), no educación de la madre (OR=1.416; IC 95% 1.283-1.564), madre trabajadora (OR=1.136; IC 95% 1.106-1.167), embarazo deseado (OR=0.774; IC 95% 0.753-0.795), familia nuclear (OR=0.949; IC 95% 0.923-0.975) e índice de riqueza del hogar (OR=0.948; IC 95% 0.921-0.977) Conclusiones: La desigualdad y los bajos ingresos de los países desarrollados se asocian con EDA, independientemente de las características del niño, la mamá o el hogar. El gasto en salud no presenta asociaciones con EDA. Esto se debe considerar en las campañas de salud pública orientadas al manejo de la EDA.