El Plan General del Valle de San Mateo del Pilón (1816): una delineación urbana en plena guerra de Independencia

El Plan General del Valle de San Mateo del Pilón es, con probabilidad, el primer plano trazado para la actual ciudad de Montemorelos a comienzos del siglo XIX. Levantado en plena guerra de Independencia de la mano de un sacerdote con dotes de alarife.

Catalogue of the loan exhibition, 1878, in aid of the Society of Decorative Art : consisting of gems of the modern, foreign and American schools of painting and rare examples of various art industries, at the National Academy of Design.

Cover title: Loan exhibition in aid of the Society of Decorative Art, 1878.

Crónicas y biografías alavesas / por Eduardo Velasco López Cano.

D. Ladislao de Velasco y sus contemporáneos ; El General D. Juan de Velasco, primer marqués de Villa-Antonia ; La Batalla de Vitoria según manuscrito inédito del General Velasco precedida de algunas consideraciones históricas

Solicitud de beca en el Colegio Mayor del Rosario por Mateo María Domínguez de la Roche

Solicitud de la beca en el Colegio Mayor del Rosario que pertenecía a Joaquín de Uricochea, colegial fallecido; por parte de Mateo María Domínguez argumentando ser descendiente de la familia de León, que tenía becas para sus miembros en dicho Colegio.

Reclamo y solicitud de beca en el Colegio Mayor del Rosario por parte de Mateo María Domínguez de la Roche

Segunda solicitud de Mateo María Domínguez para ocupar la beca de la familia de León en el Colegio Mayor del Rosario, argumentando ser merecedor de la vacante por su descendencia "de línea mayor" con la mencionada familia, en comparación con sus primos con quienes se disputaba la beca. Fecha probable de creación 1810.

Documentos familiares de Mateo María Domínguez para solicitar beca en el Colegio Mayor del Rosario

Presentación de documentos por Mateo María Domínguez que demuestran su descendencia de la familia de León, para obtener una beca en el Colegio Mayor del Rosario. Incluye copias del certificado del matrimonio y partidas de bautismo de bisabuelos, abuelos y padres del solicitante.

Cuadro del café que se cultiva en la provincia de Alajuela, 1878.

Se sabe que a lo largo del siglo XIX, las autoridades municipales y los agentes fiscales provinciales se empeñaron en inventariar algunas facetas de la sociedad costarricense. La necesidad práctica de estos padrones era muy diversa: algunos tenían fines administrativos, como los censos de población; otros para recopilar cifras que indicaran el alcance de las exportaciones y el comercio; algunos, en su gran mayoría, tenían el propósito de establecer criterios apropiados para la recaudación de los impuestos. También, hallamos estadísticas de producción, precios de plaza de granos básicos, listas de hacendados y cuadros demostrativos de haciendas de café; en fin, son fuentes que poseen una relativa riqueza y un circunscrito contenido social de la época. Desafortunadamente, los inconvenientes mayores que dificultan cualquier intento de realizar análisis globales con estas fuentes, están asociados a la combinación de dos factores: la deficiente calidad de las compilaciones, pues no alcanzaron un apreciable nivel técnico; y el vacío de buenas series cronológicas continuas, lo cual hace imposible desglosar una imbricación aproximada a la realidad.

The role of the rule of law in virtual communities

There is a severe tendency in cyberlaw theory to delegitimize state intervention in the governance of virtual communities. Much of the existing theory makes one of two fundamental flawed assumptions: that communities will always be best governed without the intervention of the state; or that the territorial state can best encourage the development of communities by creating enforceable property rights and allowing the market to resolve any disputes. These assumptions do not ascribe sufficient weight to the value-laden support that the territorial state always provides to private governance regimes, the inefficiencies that will tend to limit the development utopian communities, and the continued role of the territorial state in limiting autonomy in accordance with communal values. In order to overcome these deterministic assumptions, this article provides a framework based upon the values of the rule of law through which to conceptualise the legitimacy of the private exercise of power in virtual communities. The rule of law provides a constitutional discourse that assists in considering appropriate limits on the exercise of private power. I argue that the private contractual framework that is used to govern relations in virtual communities ought to be informed by the values of the rule of law in order to more appropriately address the governance tensions that permeate these spaces. These values suggest three main limits to the exercise of private power: that governance is limited by community rules and that the scope of autonomy is limited by the substantive values of the territorial state; that private contractual rules should be general, equal, and certain; and that, most importantly, internal norms be predicated upon the consent of participants.

Mission unreachable : how Jaman is shaping the future of on-line distribution

Perhaps the most innovative of all independent OLD ventures specialising in ROW content is Jaman. Founded in 2007 by IT entrepreneur Gaurav Dhillon, and based in San Mateo, California, Jaman is a quality specialist distributor of non-Hollywood films. As of late 2010, Jaman had 1.8 million registered users and attracts viewers from most countries in the world. 75% of all use is generated from outside the U.S. Jaman does very well in English speaking parts of the world, particularly current and former Commonwealth countries. The United Kingdom accounts for 29% of users, North America (U.S. and Canada) 26%, and India represents 23%. Jaman is sometimes referred to as ‘social cinema’: a website which brings together the critique and review of a cinephile website (the forums of Rue-morgue.com for cinefantastique movie fans for example) with the social interaction, community and functionality of a social media site (for example Facebook.com). Jaman could be considered a pioneer in this space; a first mover in wrapping commercial movie downloading in an interactive social experience.

VAMP3 regulates podosome organisation in macrophages and together with Stx4/SNAP23 mediates adhesion, cell spreading and persistent migration

The ability of cells to adhere, spread and migrate is essential to many physiological processes, particularly in the immune system where cells must traffic to sites of inflammation and injury. By altering the levels of individual components of the VAMP3/Stx4/SNAP23 complex we show here that this SNARE complex regulates efficient macrophage adhesion, spreading and migration on fibronectin. During cell spreading this complex mediates the polarised exocytosis of VAMP3- positive recycling endosome membrane into areas of membrane expansion, where VAMP3's surface partner Q-SNARE complex Stx4/SNAP23 was found to accumulate. Lowering the levels of VAMP3 in spreading cells resulted in a more rounded cell morphology and most cells were found to be devoid of the typical ring-like podosome superstructures seen normally in spreading cells. In migrating cells lowering VAMP3 levels disrupted the polarised localisation of podosome clusters. The reduced trafficking of recycling endosome membrane to sites of cell spreading and the disorganised podosome localisation in migrating macrophages greatly reduced their ability to persistently migrate on fibronectin. Thus, this important SNARE complex facilitates macrophage adhesion, spreading, and persistent macrophage migration on fibronectin through the delivery of VAMP3-positive membrane with its cargo to expand the plasma membrane and to participate in organising adhesive podosome structures.