Urban environmental degradation and the standard of living: the case of the Spanish mining industry (1870–1930)

This paper analyses the consequences of urban environmental degradation on the well-being of Spanish miners. It is based on analyses of differences in mortality and height. The first part of the paper examines new hypotheses regarding the urban penalty. We take into consideration existing works in economic theory that address market failures when analysing the higher urban death rate. We explain the reduction in height using the model recently created by Floud, Fogel, Harris and Hong for British cities. The second part of the paper presents information demonstrating that the urban areas in the two largest mining areas in Spain (Bilbao and the Cartagena-La Unión mountain range) experienced a higher death rate relative to rural areas as a consequence of market failures derived from what we term an ‘anarchic urbanisation’.

Biennial report of the Vermont State Board of Agriculture, Manufactures and Mining ...

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Public notice regarding mining,

Public proclamation, signed by Cesareo Sanchez. In Spanish.

Mining Districts, Victoria, Australia, ca. 1868 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Victoria mining districts, mining divisions & the gold fields, engraved by William Slight under the direction of R. Brough Smyth ; colored by Arthur Everett, August 1st, 1868. It was published by Dept of Mines ca. 1868. Scale [ca. 1:1,000,000].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, administrative boundaries, railroads, gold reefs, mining districts, telegraph lines, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.