Fracture risk and zoledronic acid therapy in men with osteoporosis

Fractures in men are a major health issue, and data on the antifracture efficacy of therapies for osteoporosis in men are limited. We studied the effect of zoledronic acid on fracture risk among men with osteoporosis.

Does surgery improve outcomes for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? An analysis using the surveillance epidemiology and end results registry from 1998 to 2008

We examined survival associated with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC) to evaluate if treatment without surgery could be considered adequate.

The role of radiation therapy in resected T2 N0 esophageal cancer: a population-based analysis

The prognosis of even early-stage esophageal cancer is poor. Because there is not a consensus on how to manage T2 N0 disease, we examined survival after resection of T2 N0 esophageal cancer, with or without radiation therapy.

Wheeze and asthma prevalence and related health-service use in white and south Asian pre-schoolchildren in the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data for south Asian children in the United Kingdom are contradictory, showing a lower prevalence of wheeze, but a higher rate of medical consultations and admissions for asthma compared with white children. These studies have not distinguished different asthma phenotypes or controlled for varying environmental exposures. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of wheeze and related health-service use in south Asian and white pre-schoolchildren in the United Kingdom, taking into account wheeze phenotype (viral and multiple wheeze) and environmental exposures. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was completed by parents of a population-based sample of 4366 white and 1714 south Asian children aged 1-4 years in Leicestershire, UK. Children were classified as having viral wheeze or multiple trigger wheeze. RESULTS: The prevalence of current wheeze was 35.6% in white and 25.5% in south Asian 1-year-olds (P<0.001), and 21.9% and 20.9%, respectively, in children aged 2-4 years. Odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval) for multiple wheeze and for viral wheeze, comparing south Asian with white children, were 2.21 (1.19-4.09) and 1.43 (0.77-2.65) in 2-4-year-olds after controlling for socio-economic conditions, environmental exposures and family history. In 1-year-olds, the respective ORs for multiple and viral wheeze were 0.66 (0.47-0.92) and 0.81 (0.64-1.03). Reported GP consultation rates for wheeze and hospital admissions were greater in south Asian children aged 2-4 years, even after adjustment for severity, but the use of inhaled corticosteroids was lower. CONCLUSIONS: South Asian 2-4-year-olds are more likely than white children to have multiple wheeze (a condition with many features of chronic atopic asthma), after taking into account ethnic differences in exposure to some environmental agents. Undertreatment with inhaled corticosteroids might partly explain their greater use of health services.

Cupiennin 1a, an antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the neotropical wandering spider Cupiennius salei, also inhibits the formation of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase

Cupiennin 1a (GFGALFKFLAKKVAKTVAKQAAKQGAKYVVNKQME-NH2) is a potent venom component of the spider Cupiennius salei. Cupiennin 1a shows multifaceted activity. In addition to known antimicrobial and cytolytic properties, cupiennin 1a inhibits the formation of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase at an IC50 concentration of 1.3 +/- 0.3 microM. This is the first report of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition by a component of a spider venom. The mechanism by which cupiennin 1a inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase involves complexation with the regulatory protein calcium calmodulin. This is demonstrated by chemical shift changes that occur in the heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectrum of 15N-labelled calcium calmodulin upon addition of cupiennin 1a. The NMR data indicate strong binding within a complex of 1 : 1 stoichiometry.

STOCHASTIC CHARGE TRANSPORT IN MULTI-ISLAND SINGLE-ELECTRON TUNNELING DEVICES

The physics of the operation of singe-electron tunneling devices (SEDs) and singe-electron tunneling transistors (SETs), especially of those with multiple nanometer-sized islands, has remained poorly understood in spite of some intensive experimental and theoretical research. This computational study examines the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of multi-island single-electron devices using a newly developed multi-island transport simulator (MITS) that is based on semi-classical tunneling theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The dependence of device characteristics on physical device parameters is explored, and the physical mechanisms that lead to the Coulomb blockade (CB) and Coulomb staircase (CS) characteristics are proposed. Simulations using MITS demonstrate that the overall IV characteristics in a device with a random distribution of islands are a result of a complex interplay among those factors that affect the tunneling rates that are fixed a priori (e.g. island sizes, island separations, temperature, gate bias, etc.), and the evolving charge state of the system, which changes as the source-drain bias (VSD) is changed. With increasing VSD, a multi-island device has to overcome multiple discrete energy barriers (up-steps) before it reaches the threshold voltage (Vth). Beyond Vth, current flow is rate-limited by slow junctions, which leads to the CS structures in the IV characteristic. Each step in the CS is characterized by a unique distribution of island charges with an associated distribution of tunneling probabilities. MITS simulation studies done on one-dimensional (1D) disordered chains show that longer chains are better suited for switching applications as Vth increases with increasing chain length. They are also able to retain CS structures at higher temperatures better than shorter chains. In sufficiently disordered 2D systems, we demonstrate that there may exist a dominant conducting path (DCP) for conduction, which makes the 2D device behave as a quasi-1D device. The existence of a DCP is sensitive to the device structure, but is robust with respect to changes in temperature, gate bias, and VSD. A side gate in 1D and 2D systems can effectively control Vth. We argue that devices with smaller island sizes and narrower junctions may be better suited for practical applications, especially at room temperature.

Eine Karriere im Schatten von Rosalba Carriera. Felicita Sartori / Hoffmann in Venedig und Dresden

Felicita Sartori, nata a Pordenone nel 1714 ca. come figlia del notaio Felice Sartori e di Tommasa Scotti, ricevette la sua prima formazione artistica intorno al 1724 da suo zio, il calcografo Antonio dall'Agata a Gorizia. Tramite lo zio la quattordicenne si trasferisce a Venezia dove entra nella bottega-casa di Rosalba Carriera per perfezionarsi nella miniatura e nella pittura a pastello senoché nelle varie tecniche della grafica. Durante gli anni seguenti Felicita diventa, accanto alle sorelle di Rosalba, la collaboratrice piú stretta della Carriera che in questi anni tocca il colmo della fama artistica, dovuto soprattutto al suo strepitoso successo riscosso durante il soggiorno a Parigi dal 1720 al 1721. I numerosissimi incarichi che le giungono da tutta l'Europa incrementano la produttivitá e lasciano supporre che la bottega abbia contribuito in misura notevole a contentare tali richieste. Negli anni dopo il 1730 l'attività di Felicita oltre le varie attività pittoriche entro la bottega della Carriera si estende alla produzione di incisioni per le pubblicazioni di Gaspare Stampa e di Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet. Incide inoltre le stampe dai disegni di Giovanni Battista Piazetta, pubblicati da Antonio Maria Zanetti. La finora anonima collaboratrice della famosa veneziana esce dall'ombra quando, nel 1741, viene nominata artista di corte da Augusto III, principe elettore di Sassonia e ré di Polonia. Trasferitosi a Dresda, si unisce poche settimane dopo la nomina in matrimonio al consigliere di corte Franz Joseph von Hoffmann, che probabilmente aveva concosciuto nel 1740 nello studio veneziano di Rosalba spesso frequentato dall'elettore e del suo seguito. Felicita continua la su attività a Dresda dove nella Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister si conservano tuttora 15 miniature di sua mano. Grazie alle ricerche dedicate a queste opere è stato possibile di aumentare l'œuvre della Sartori di altre opere tra cui una Betsabea al bagno (coll. priv. München) già nelle collezioni reali sassoni. Sembra che l'artista dopo la morte del marito nel 1749, si sia trasferito con un secondo marito a Bamberg ma altre fonti citano la sua presenza a Dresda nel 1753 dove secondo le notizie fornite da Jean Pierre Mariette muore nel 1760 all'età di soli 46 anni.

Angemessene Empfindungsräume

Als "maßlose" Kopie ist die zwischen 1774 und 1784 errichtete, gigantische "Ruine" einer dorischen Säule im französischen Landschaftsgarten Désert de Retz eine Ausnahmeerscheinung im Kontext der Kunst- und Gartendiskurse ihrer Entstehungszeit. Komplettiert hätte der Säulestumpf, in dem sich ein mehrgeschossiges Gartenhaus befindet, eine Höhe von einhundertzwanzig Metern. Doch gerade aus der Inszenierung einer übergroßen klassischen Ordnung als bewohnte Ruine erschließt sich die Bedeutung dieses ungewöhnlichen Bauwerks. Die Garten des Désert de Retz zog nicht allein die Surrealisten um André Breton in ihren Bann, die sich 1960 vor seinem Eingang zu einem Gruppenfoto versammelten. Eine eigentümliche Querverbindung besteht auch zu einem der bekanntesten Entwürfe von Adolf Loos, der 1922 für den Chicago-Tribune-Tower-Wettbewerb einen Wolkenkratzer in Gestalt einer riesigen dorischen Säule einreichte.

Do childhood cancer survivors with physical performance limitations reach healthy activity levels?

BACKGROUND The extent to which physical performance limitations affect the ability of childhood cancer survivors to reach healthy activity levels is unknown. Therefore this study aims to describe the effect of different types of limitations on activity levels in survivors. PROCEDURE Within the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study we sent a questionnaire to all survivors (≥16 years) registered in the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry, who survived >5 years and were diagnosed 1976-2005 aged <16 years. We measured healthy activity levels using international guidelines and assessed different kinds of performance limitations (visual impairment, weight and endurance problems, cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neurological problems, pain and fatigue syndromes). RESULTS The sample included 1,560 survivors (75% response rate), of whom 209 (13.5%) reported they have performance limitations. Forty-two percent of survivors with limitations reached healthy activity levels, compared to 57% of survivors without limitations. Least active were survivors with vision impairments (25% active), weight and endurance problems (27.3%), cardiorespiratory problems (36.4%), and musculoskeletal problems (43.1%). After adjusting for socio-demographic variables and type of cancer, we found that survivors with limitations were 1.4 (95%CI 1.0-2.0; P = 0.047) times more likely to be inactive. CONCLUSIONS Although many survivors with physical performance limitations maintain healthy activity levels, there is room for improvement. Adapted and targeted physical activity counseling for survivors with performance limitations might help them to raise level of activity and pursue a healthy lifestyle.

Localized amyloid light-chain amyloidosis and extramedullary plasmacytoma of the mitral valve

An unusual case of localized amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis and extramedullary plasmacytoma of the mitral valve is described. The worsening of a mitral regurgitation led to investigations and surgery. The valve presented marked distortion and thickening by type AL amyloid associated with a monotypic CD138+ immunoglobulin lambda plasma cell proliferation. Systemic staging showed a normal bone marrow and no evidence of amyloid deposition in other localizations. The patient's outcome after mitral valve replacement was excellent. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a localized AL amyloidosis as well as of a primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the mitral valve.