Actitudes hacia la variedad caló y sus hablantes : Un estudio sociolingüístico de las opiniones de adolescentes andaluces

Caló is a language/variety spoken by the Spanish Calé (i.e. the Roma). The variety belongs to a group oflanguages referred to as “Para-Romani”, characterized by Romani vocabulary, but largely non-Romani morphology, phonology and syntax, in the case of Caló deriving from Spanish. Much research has been carried out regarding the vocabulary and the grammar of this variety.The conclusions drawn in those studies indicate that Caló is on its way to extinction. However, thereis an expressed interest in reintroducing the variety, in a form called “Romanó-Caló”. Language attitudes play a decisive role for the destiny of endangered languages. In order for arevitalization project to be successful, the attitudes towards the variety being reintroduced have to bepositive. The aim of this study is to measure the attitudes that both Calé and non-Calé have towards Calóand Caló speakers, a type of study never carried out in the past. The methods applied are both direct andindirect. In part one, 231 informants listened to different recordings of voices acting as either a “Spanishspeaking person” or a “Caló speaking person”, a technique referred to as ‘matched guise’. Firstly,the informants were asked to write down their first three impressions of the speakers. Secondly, nineshort questions related to the voices were asked, to which the subjects expressed their answers on attitudescales. They were also asked to match the voices with photos of people. Furthermore, theinformants have answered questions regarding what variety is spoken at home, as well as if he or she hasany knowledge of, or contact with, any language/variety, apart from Spanish. 182 informants continuedwith part two of the questionnaire, which consisted of 20 items – positive and negative statementstowards Caló and Caló speakers. The informants have rated their agreement or disagreement to thesestatements on a Likert scale. Another exercise measured the willingness of the informants to use Calówords for naming various objects. In addition, the subjects were tested on their knowledge of some Calówords, as well as asked whether they thought it was “useful” to know how to speak Caló. Variousstatistical methods have been used in order to establish whether or not the results are statisticallysignificant. The results of the analysis indicate that the attitudes differ towards Caló and Calóspeakers, depending on the informant’s (a) ethnicity (b) contact with Caló as well as with Calóspeakers, and (c) gender. It is those who – in their own opinion – belong to the ethnic group Calé, as wellas those who claim that they have some contact with the variety and its speakers, who show positiveattitudes in both parts of the study. The women also show more positive attitudes than the men. It is alsopossible to note positive attitudes towards the variety and its speakers among the subjects with a highlevel of knowledge of Caló words, as well as among those with the highest willingness to use Caló. These observations suggest that a revitalization project of the variety Caló has a clear chance ofbeing successful.

Maude Object-Oriented Action Tool

MAIDL, André Murbach; CARVILHE, Claudio; MUSICANTE, Martin A. Maude Object-Oriented Action Tool. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. [S.l:s.n], 2008.

Quelques traits du développement du basque L2 en contexte de revitalisation de la langue à travers l’immersion scolaire

Cette recherche vise à identifier quelques traits du développement du basque L2 dans un contexte de revitalisation de la langue à travers l’immersion scolaire. L’analyse de la restitution orale des contes en basque par un même groupe d’élèves de cinq à huit ans dont la langue première est l’espagnol, constitue l’élément empirique de la présente recherche. Ces élèves habitent dans un entourage hispanophone mais sont scolarisés en basque par immersion. Les données sont comparées avec celles des élèves de basque L1 provenant d’un entourage bascophone. L’analyse de diverses dimensions des contes suggère que la scolarisation en basque L2 à travers l’immersion favorise le développement du basque dans un contexte de revitalisation. En même temps, l’analyse permet d’identifier quelques traits spécifiques du basque L2 et qui sont distincts du basque L1. (DIPF/Orig.)

Las Voces de los Quijotes

In this work we present a detailed analysis of the character profile in the three Quijotes by Cervantes and Avellaneda. Several properties of the languages and sub-languages are explored.

Towards guidelines for curriculum design and development in English language teacher education in Cambodian higher education institutions

In the current Cambodian higher education sector, there is little regulation of standards in curriculum design of undergraduate degrees in English language teacher education. The researcher, in the course of his professional work in the Curriculum and Policy Office at the Department of Higher Education, has seen evidence that most universities tend to copy their curriculum from one source, the curriculum of the Institute of Foreign Languages, the Royal University of Phnom Penh. Their programs fail to impose any entry standards, accepting students who pass the high school exam without any entrance examination. It is possible for a student to enter university with satisfactory scores in all subjects but English. Therefore, not many graduates are able to fulfil the professional requirements of the roles they are supposed to take. Neau (2010) claims that many Cambodian EFL teachers do not reach a high performance standard due to their low English language proficiency and poor background in teacher education. The main purpose of this study is to establish key guidelines for developing curricula for English language teacher education for all the universities across the country. It examines the content of the Bachelor‘s degree of Education in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (B Ed in TEFL) and Bachelor‘s degree of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BA in TESOL) curricula adopted in Cambodian universities on the basis of criteria proposed in current curriculum research. It also investigates the perspectives of Cambodian EFL teachers on the areas of knowledge and skill they need in order to perform their English teaching duties in Cambodia today. The areas of knowledge and skill offered in the current curricula at Cambodian higher education institutions (HEIs), the framework of the knowledge base for EFL teacher education and general higher education, and the areas of knowledge and skill Cambodian EFL teachers perceive to be important, are compared so as to identify any gaps in the current English language teacher education curricula in the Cambodian HEIs. The existence of gaps show what domains of knowledge and skill need to be included in the English language teacher education curricula at Cambodian HEIs. These domains are those identified by previous curriculum researchers in both general and English language teacher education at tertiary level. Therefore, the present study provides useful insights into the importance of including appropriate content in English language teacher education curricula. Mixed methods are employed in this study. The course syllabi and the descriptions within the curricula in five Cambodian HEIs are analysed qualitatively based on the framework of knowledge and skills for EFL teachers, which is formed by looking at the knowledge base for second language teachers suggested by the methodologists and curriculum specialists whose work is elaborated on the review of literature. A quantitative method is applied to analyse the perspectives of 120 Cambodian EFL teachers on areas of knowledge and skills they should possess. The fieldwork was conducted between June and August, 2014. The analysis reveals that the following areas are included in the curricula at the five universities: communication skills, general knowledge, knowledge of teaching theories, teaching skills, pedagogical reasoning and decision making skills, subject matter knowledge, contextual knowledge, cognitive abilities, and knowledge of social issues. Additionally, research skills are included in three curricula while society and community involvement is in only one. Further, information and communication technology, which is outlined in the Education Strategies Plan (2006-2010), forms part of four curricula while leadership skills form part of two. This study demonstrates ultimately that most domains that are directly and indirectly related to language teaching competence are not sufficiently represented in the current curricula. On the basis of its findings, the study concludes with a set of guidelines that should inform the design and development of TESOL and TEFL curricula in Cambodia.

O papel do bilinguismo no processo de difusão das línguas

O presente estudo propõe-se estudar as representações de alunos bilingues e não bilingues acerca do papel do bilinguismo no processo de difusão das línguas. Para dar resposta a este objetivo, desenhámos um projeto de intervenção que compreendeu a utilização de duas técnicas de recolha de dados: a entrevista e o inquérito por questionário, que implementámos a alunos do distrito de Aveiro. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que, de forma geral, os alunos consideram que os falantes são os principais responsáveis pela difusão das línguas, contribuindo para o aumento de utilizadores da mesma e, portanto, para a sua expansão.

Accurate Step Counting

Starting with an evaluator for a language, an abstract machine for the same language can be mechanically derived using successive program transformations. This has relevance to studying both the space and time properties of programs because these can be estimated by counting transitions of the abstract machine and measuring the size of the additional data structures needed, such as environments and stacks. In this article we use this process to derive a function that accurately counts the number of steps required to evaluate expressions in a simple language.

Maude Object-Oriented Action Tool

MAIDL, André Murbach; CARVILHE, Claudio; MUSICANTE, Martin A. Maude Object-Oriented Action Tool. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. [S.l:s.n], 2008.

Lengua española y lengua vasca: una trayectoria histórica sin fronteras

[es] El nacimiento de la lengua castellana se produjo en estrecho contacto con la lengua vasca: es probable que el espacio navarro haya sido el punto de conexión entre ambas. Pero la historia lingüística común de español y vasco se desarrolla, sobre todo, desde el siglo xvi hasta hoy. En este trabajo consideramos algunos hitos que permiten afirmar que, hasta fines del siglo xix, el universo vasco y el castellano convivieron sin tensión social: a pesar de los avatares del siglo xx, las relaciones entre el español y el vasco no han conocido fronteras a lo largo de la historia. Por ello es posible imaginar, en el futuro, una convivencia respetuosa (mejor todavía si fuera integradora) de ambas lenguas y de ambos mundos. [en] The birth of the Castilian language occurred in close contact with the Basque language: it seems that Navarra has been the connecting point between both of them. But the common linguistic history of both Spanish and Basque runs together from the sixteenth century until today. In this paper we consider some milestones that support the conclusion that, until the late nineteenth century, Basque and Castilian universe lived without special conflicts: so and in spite of the vicissitudes of the twentieth century, the relations between the Spanish and Basque have not known borders throughout history. Therefore it is possible to imagine, in the future, a respectful coexistence (even better if it were inclusive) of both languages and of both worlds.

Múltiplas linguagens

Relatório elaborado para obtenção do grau de mestre em educação pré-escolar

Słownik języka miyako Nikołaja Newskiego: rekonstrukcja oraz analiza etnolingwistyczna rękopisu

Wydział Neofilologii: Katedra Orientalistyki

O contributo de materiais autênticos para o ensino da competência sociocultural nas aulas de espanhol língua estrangeira

O presente Relatório Final visa aferir a importância que os materiais autênticos podem proporcionar ao ensino da competência sociocultural nas aulas de Espanhol Língua Estrangeira (ELE), contrariando a visão da abordagem cultural no ensino de línguas estrangeiras como mais uma tarefa. O objetivo primordial é estreitar laços entre língua e cultura, explorando as potencialidades dos materiais autênticos. Propõe-se, desta forma, a realização de fichas de trabalho apoiadas nestes materiais, com o intuito de motivar os alunos para a aprendizagem da língua espanhola, associando, sempre, idioma, cultura e comunicação, dado que a competência sociocultural compreende conhecimentos que nos permitem utilizar uma Língua Estrangeira (LE) de modo eficaz e adequado, em diferentes atos comunicativos em que o falante possa estar envolvido, por forma a evitar prováveis situações constrangedoras.

"Je ne vous dirai point, mon très cher fils" Correspondance de Catherine de Charrière de Sévery 1780-1783

This dissertation examines the principles of education imbued in a three year correspondence between an eighteenth century woman and her teenage son from the French speaking region of Vaud, current day Switzerland. Despite her great respect for the literature and ideas of the new pedagogues of the Enlightenment, especially J.J. Rousseau and Mme de Genlis, Catherine de Charrière de Sévery maintained the traditional perspective of education of the Ancien Régime. To explore the concepts of education and instruction through the epistolary practice, this research is based on the corpus of 107 letters that Mme de Sévery wrote to her son Vilhelm between 1780 and 1783. Additional documents - among them Mme de Sévery’s diaries - from the particularly rich archival holdings of this aristocratic family have been used to complement her correspondence. Most previous studies on family correspondence have dealt with mothers to daughters, or fathers to sons, whereas this research is centered on letters between a mother and her son. The location of this family – Lausanne and the Pays de Vaud – provides a particular regional perspective due to two factors: immersion into a region uniformly Protestant, and the dual-influence of Germanic and French cultures. The study analyzes the educational principles that appear throughout Mme de Sévery’s letters by comparison with three literary works of the 18th century: a familiar correspondence, the Lettres du Lord Chesterfield à son fils (1776); the fundamental education treatise by J.J. Rousseau, Émile, ou de l’Éducation (1762); and a pedagogical treatise written by Mme de Genlis as an epistolary novel, Adèle et Théodore, ou lettres sur l’éducation. Using letters as the main tool to guide her son’s upbringing, Mme de Sévery highlights the moral and family values that are most important to her and leads him to find his place in society.

An?lisis de los problemas en la argumentaci?n escrita en espa?ol de estudiantes de tercer semestre de la licenciatura en lenguas extranjeras de la Universidad del Valle [recurso electr?nico]

This study identifies and analyzes the problems of academic and argumentative writing in third semester students of the Bachelor of Foreign Languages at the Universidad del Valle, in order to determine which are the most common difficulties arisen in the process of writing. Formal aspects of language and rhetorical elements will be analyzed in the written productions of students. This is a qualitative ethnographic study that aims to determine how the relationship between the pedagogical intervention, classroom interactions and classroom activities in the course of Composition II, help to overcome these difficulties. The research shows that students have many difficulties in the academic writing as the use of an appropriate lexical, cohesion between paragraphs of a text, use of punctuation, citation and conjugation of verbs. In relation to the construction of the argument, it was found problems in students? texts: students fail in prevailing an argumentative sequence, there is not an approach and continuation of a thesis throughout the text, there is no consistency between the thesis and the arguments developed throughout the production, problems in the use of rebuttals and backings in the argumentation. In addition to these, and although they are not the most common problems, interference of words from a foreign language (English or French) and orality marks were found in the students? argumentative essays. Finally, this work demonstrates that educational intervention and classroom interactions help to improve the different versions of the written productions, though, some problems remain unsolved at the end of the intervention.

L’anglais au collégial : identifier les caractéristiques des étudiants pour comprendre leur maîtrise de la langue

L’enseignement de l’anglais, langue seconde a connu de nombreux changements au courant des 20 dernières années, du primaire au collégial, afin d’assurer une meilleure maîtrise de cette langue par les élèves au Québec. Ainsi, à la fin du parcours secondaire, le niveau visé par le Programme de formation de l’école québécoise et sanctionné par le ministère à l’épreuve unique de secondaire cinq à l’égard de la connaissance de l’anglais, langue seconde se compare au niveau intermédiaire (Intermediate Mid ou High) de l’échelle de l’American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. En somme, l’élève qui possède son diplôme d’études secondaires a normalement une connaissance de niveau intermédiaire de l’ALS lorsqu’il s’inscrit dans un collège d’enseignement général et professionnel (cégep). Or, 20 ans après l’instauration des cours obligatoires d’ALS, les cégeps accueillent toujours 30 à 40 % des étudiants en 604-100 Anglais de base alors que ce cours n’était que temporaire au départ (Commission d’évaluation de l’enseignement collégial, 2001; Fournier 2007). Cet état de fait nous a amenée à proposer une recherche ayant pour objet les caractéristiques des étudiants des cours 604-100 Anglais de base et 604-101 Langue anglaise et communication du Cégep de St-Hyacinthe dans le but de comprendre l’écart entre les deux niveaux quant à leur maîtrise de la langue anglaise. Notre recherche est descriptive avec un volet comparatif afin d’atteindre les deux objectifs suivants: (1) identifier les caractéristiques des étudiants inscrits dans les cours collégiaux de niveau 604-100 Anglais de base et 604-101 Langue anglaise et communication du Cégep de St-Hyacinthe; (2) comparer les réponses des étudiants des deux niveaux pour voir quelles caractéristiques se distinguent et pourraient expliquer l’écart de maîtrise de la langue anglaise entre les étudiants classés au niveau attendu (604-101 Langue anglaise et communication) et ceux du niveau de base (604-100 Anglais de base). Nous avons construit un questionnaire électronique spécifiquement pour cette étude, composé de questions fermées comprenant cinq sections (profil scolaire, attitude et intérêt envers l’ALS, la motivation, l’anxiété linguistique et l’utilisation de stratégies d’apprentissage) que nous avons envoyé à 907 répondants potentiels du Cégep de St-Hyacinthe à l’automne 2015. Nous n’avons retenu que les étudiants qui satisfaisaient à nos trois critères de sélection, soit (1) être inscrit dans le niveau 604-100 Anglais de base ou 604-101 Langue anglaise et communication, (2) avoir fait toutes ses études primaires et secondaires en français au Québec, et (3) être en continuité de formation (sans interruption entre la fin du secondaire et l’entrée au cégep). Au final, notre recherche compte 294 sujets, 108 étudiants de niveau 604-100 et 186 étudiants de niveau 604-101. Nous avons utilisé l’approche quantitative et réalisé des statistiques descriptives et inférentielles pour analyser nos données. Les analyses ont révélé une différence significative entre les deux niveaux sur plusieurs points, que nous avons regroupés en quatre caractéristiques principales qui peuvent expliquer l’écart quant à leur maîtrise de la langue anglaise. La première est d’avoir un intérêt intégratif et instrumental à apprendre l’anglais, car celui-ci supporte les efforts pour atteindre une maîtrise satisfaisante de la langue. La deuxième est le développement d’une confiance en ses capacités à communiquer dans la langue puisque cette confiance réduit l’anxiété linguistique qui gêne l’apprentissage. La troisième est une préparation adéquate aux études supérieures, tant au niveau des compétences spécifiques (moyenne générale, programmes enrichis) que transversales (comme l’utilisation des stratégies d’apprentissage) au secondaire, car elle offre un bagage de connaissances nécessaires à la maîtrise d’une langue. Finalement, la présence de difficultés liées à l’apprentissage comme les troubles d’apprentissage et des faiblesses dans la langue maternelle est un frein au développement d’une compétence en langue seconde puisqu’elles touchent précisément des compétences essentielles à l’apprentissage soit la lecture et l’écriture. Outre la recherche de Fournier (2007) sur les prédicteurs de réussite, peu ou pas d’études ont porté sur les étudiants collégiaux par rapport à leur profil d’apprenant d’une L2. Nos résultats contribuent donc à documenter une situation peu étudiée, et permettent de quantifier ce que les enseignants constatent sur le terrain depuis des années. Ce faisant, nos données sont utiles tant au niveau de l’organisation scolaire des collèges que des départements de langue et de l’enseignement, car elles permettent l’amélioration du contexte dans lequel ces cours sont offerts et du coup, d’avoir des retombées sur la réussite des étudiants.