从线粒体细胞色素b���讨长臀ba属三个种分类与进化的关系

细尾长臀ba与月斑长臀ba、长臀ba间存在遗传分化,分化程度与鲤科其它鱼类相似;而月斑长臀ba和长臀ba却无法分开。结果提示,月斑长臀ba和长臀ba很可能为同一个种。此外,长臀ba属与云南倒刺ba的亲缘关系较近,表明有争议的长臀ba属归入ba亚科是合理的。

犬科的线粒体细胞色素b DNA序列及其分子系统学研究

通过对犬科的赤狐、蓝狐、貉和狼4种的线粒体细胞色素b���372bp DNA片段序列分析,结合GenBank中狗、西门豺和非洲野犬3种的该区段DNA序列的比较,共发现113个核苷酸位点存在变异(约30%)。NJ法构建的分子系统树显示,非洲野犬最先从犬科动物中分化出来;犬属的狼、狗和西门豺等3种为系统树上独立的一支,且其分歧的时间较赤狐、蓝狐和貉早;赤狐和蓝狐具有较近的亲缘关系。

蜂猴线粒体细胞色素b���因变异特点及系统发育分析

在所研究的个体中,2个蜂猴物种碱基组成具有哺乳动物的共同特点,它们之间转换比(特别是密码子第3位)是颠换比的6倍多,大于其他种间比较;低的Ka/Ks值(<0.1)说明懒猴科cyt-b���因的异义突变位点受到强的选择压力作用。由cyt-b���因构建的系统发育树符合懒猴科化石记录和形态学分类观点。根据化石记录和分化时间有一定线性关系的第3位颠换和同义突变速率,估算蜂猴与倭蜂猴种间、蜂猴与瘠蜂猴属间可能的分化时间分别为300和600万年。

蝮亚科蛇线粒体细胞色素b���因序列分析及其系统发育

竹叶青蛇在全部受试物种中处于原始地位,分布于东北地区的蛇岛蝮、乌苏里蝮、黑眉蝮与浙江和陕西产的短尾蝮所组成的分枝与横断山区的高原蝮、雪山蝮聚集形成的分枝组成姐妹群,支持分布于中国境内的亚洲蝮属蛇种的两个起源及分化地的假说,同时探讨了蝮蛇的分类地位问题。

中国花鲈细胞色素b���因片断的序列研究

参考鳗鲡等鱼类线粒体DNA序列进行了中国花鲈线粒体DNA细胞色素b���因片断的引物设计、PCR扩增及其序列测定。得到中国花鲈的碱基序列为410bp，其A、T、G、C含量分别为101bp（24.63%）、112bp（27.32%）、72bp（17.56%）、125bp（30.49%），与鳗鲡等其他鱼类相同基因片断序列碱基含量相似。

细胞色素b���因序列与11种熊蜂的系统进化

通过比较一段357bp的细胞色素b���序列,分析了熊蜂属5亚属11种熊蜂系统发育关系。5亚属包括Bombus(5种)、Thoracobombus(3种)、Mendacibombus(1种)、Fervidobombus(1种)和Pyrobombus(1种)。该序列有65个单变异多态位点和71个简约信息多态位点,翻译成119个氨基酸序列后有45个氨基酸变异位点。根据P-距离构建的邻接树(NJ tree)和最大简约树(MP tree)都显示同样的结果:Mendacibombus(B. avinovielllus)分化最早;Fervidobombus(B. pensylvanicus)次之;Pyrobombus(B. impatiens)和Bombus形成姊妹群;Bombus亚属是单系群,其中B. ignitus在所研究的5个种中分化最早。

zhao科鱼类细胞色素b���因片段的序列测定及其系统发育的初步研究

从9种zhao科鱼类的福尔马林标本中获得了333bp的细胞色素b���因片段的序列。经MUST软件排序后,有101个变异位点,其中有39个信息位点。序列在成对物种间的距离为8-48。平均遗传距离为2.4%-14.4%。简约分析产生了最大简约系统树,Bagarius是最原始的属,并与所有其他的物种形成姊妹群。其余8个属形成一个单系类群并分为二个姊妹群,而鳗zhao鱼类并未形成一个单系类群。

Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of Old World monkeys: With special reference on evolution of Asian colobines

The classification and phylogenetic relationships of the Old World monkeys are still controversial. For Asian colobines, from three to nine genera were recognized by different primatologists. In the present study, we have sequenced a 424 bp mitochondrial tRNA(Thr) gene and cytochrome b gene fragment from Macaca mulatta, Mandrillus sphinx, Mandrillus leucophaeus, Semnopithecus entellus, Trachypithecus vetulus, T. johnii, T. phayrei, T. francoisi, Pygathrix nemaeus, Rhinopithecus roxellanae, R. bieti, R. avunculus, Nasalis larvatus, and Colobus polykomos in order to gain independent information on the classification and phylogenetic relationships of those species. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with parsimony analysis by weighting transversions 5 or 10 fold greater than transitions. Our results support the following conclusions: (1) the Old World monkeys are divided into two subfamilies; (2) that among the colobines, Colobus, the African group, diverged first, and Nasalis and Rhinopithecus form a sister clade to Pygathrix; (3) that there are two clades within leaf monkeys, i.e. 1) S. entellus, T. johnii, and T. vetulus, and 2) T, phayrei and T. francoisi; (4) that Rhinopithecus avunculus, R. roxellanae, and R. bieti are closely related to each other, and they should be placed into the same subgenus; (5) that Rhinopithecus is a distinct genus; and (6) that the ancestors of Asian colobines migrated from Africa to Asia during the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene.

Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences variation of Protura and molecular systematics of Apterygota

Mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of about 450 bp fragments from 3 proturan species, 5 collembolan species and 2 dipluran species have been sequenced. The number of nucleotide substitutions and Kimura 2-parameter distances have also been calculated, and a series of molecular phylogenetic trees reconstructed by using parsimony and distance methods. The proturan, collembolan and dipluran species have evolved monophyletic groups. The results suggest that Protura and Collembola are sister groups, while Diplura is more or less demonstrating a closer phylogenetic relationship to the pterygotan insects. The phylogeny and their systematic position of protura and other groups are also discussed.

Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence diversity in the Korean hare, Lepus coreanus Thomas (Mammalia, Lagomorpha)

Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the Korean hare (Lepus coreanus) were analyzed to determine the degree of genetic diversity. Nine haPlotyes were observed, and the maximum Tamura-Nei nucleotide distance among them was 2.8%, indicating that genetic diversity of L. coreanus is moderate. In order to clarify the Korean hare's taxonomic status and relationship with the Manchurian hare (L. mandshuricus) and the Chinese hare (L. sinensis), these nine haplotypes of the Korean hare were compared with 13 haplotypes from five other species of eastern Asian Lepus including L. mandshwicus and L. sinensis. The Korean hare was distinct in its cytochrome b gene, and it is confirmed that L. coreanus is a valid species, as noted by Jones and Johnson (1965, Univ. Kansas Publ. (Mus. Nat. Hist.) 16:357). Further analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b gene with additional specimens of L. coreanus from North Korea and other species of Lepus from eastern Asia are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of the divergent mtDNA clades of L. mandshuricus and L. sinensis.

Mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b sequence variation in the genus Mystacoleucus Gunther (Pisces : Cyprinidae : Barbinae) from China

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable segment I sequences (HVSI, 471 bp) of the control region and partial cytochrome b sequences (Cytb, 403 bp) were analyzed in three tentative species of the genus Mystacoleucus in China (M. chilopterus, M. marginatus, and M. lepturus). Not more than two mutations were found in both the HVSI and Cytb fragments among the samples from M. chilopterus and M. marginatus. However, M. lepturus differed from each of them by at least 25 mutations in Cytb and 51 mutations in HVSI. Moreover, the HVSI sequence variation within M. lepturus was larger than that between M. chilopterus and M. marginatus. Given that M. chilopterus and M. marginatus are very similar in morphology, it is reasonable to consider M. chilopterus and M. marginatus as conspecific. Our results also suggest a recent radiation of M. marginatus from downstream to upstream of the Lancangjiang (Mekong) River.