Analisi delle prestazioni di un codice di calcolo open-source per l'elaborazione dati GNSS in modalità cinematica finalizzata al monitoraggio di strutture e applicazione di filtri sequenziali

Il presente lavoro di tesi si pone come obbiettivo l’elaborazione di dati GNSS in modalità cinematica post-processing per il monitoraggio strutturale e, in una seconda fase, lo studio delle precisioni raggiungibili delle soluzioni ottenute utilizzando algoritmi di post-elaborazione del dato. L’oggetto di studio è la torre Garisenda, situata in piazza Ravegnana, accanto alla torre Asinelli, nel centro storico di Bologna, da tempo oggetto di studi e monitoraggi per via della sua inclinazione particolarmente critica. Per lo studio è stato utilizzato un data set di quindici giorni, dal 15/12/2013 al 29/12/2013 compresi. Per l’elaborazione dei dati è stato utilizzato un software open source realizzato da ricercatori del Politecnico di Milano, goGPS. Quest'ultimo, essendo un codice nuovo, è stato necessario testarlo al fine di poter ottenere dei risultati validi. Nella prima fase della tesi si è quindi affrontato l’aspetto della calibrazione dei parametri che forniscono le soluzioni più precise per le finalità di monitoraggio considerando le possibili scelte offerte dal codice goGPS. In particolare sono stati imposti dei movimenti calibrati e si è osservata la soluzione al variare dei parametri selezionati scegliendo poi quella migliore, ossia il miglior compromesso tra la capacità di individuare i movimenti e il rumore della serie. Nella seconda fase, allo scopo di poter migliorare le precisioni delle soluzioni si sono valutati metodi di correzione delle soluzioni basati sull'uso di filtri sequenziali e sono state condotte analisi sull'incremento di precisione derivante dall'applicazione di tali correzioni.

Source of funding in experimental studies of mobile phone use on health: Update of systematic review

A previous review showed that among 59 studies published in 1995–2005, industry-funded studies were least likely to report effects of controlled exposure to mobile phone radiation on health-related outcomes. We updated literature searches in 2005–2009 and extracted data on funding, conflicts of interest and results. Of 75 additional studies 12% were industry-funded, 44% had public and 19% mixed funding; funding was unclear in 25%. Previous findings were confirmed: industry-sponsored studies were least likely to report results suggesting effects. Interestingly, the proportion of studies indicating effects declined in 1995–2009, regardless of funding source. Source of funding and conflicts of interest are important in this field of research.

Habitat-specific demography and source-sink dynamics in a population of Siberian jays

P>1. There are a number of models describing population structure, many of which have the capacity to incorporate spatial habitat effects. One such model is the source-sink model, that describes a system where some habitats have a natality that is higher than mortality (source) and others have a mortality that exceeds natality (sink). A source can be maintained in the absence of migration, whereas a sink will go extinct. 2. However, the interaction between population dynamics and habitat quality is complex, and concerns have been raised about the validity of published empirical studies addressing source-sink dynamics. In particular, some of these studies fail to provide data on survival, a significant component in disentangling a sink from a low quality source. Moreover, failing to account for a density-dependent increase in mortality, or decrease in fecundity, can result in a territory being falsely assigned as a sink, when in fact, this density-dependent suppression only decreases the population size to a lower level, hence indicating a 'pseudo-sink'. 3. In this study, we investigate a long-term data set for key components of territory-specific demography (mortality and reproduction) and their relationship to habitat characteristics in the territorial, group-living Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus). We also assess territory-specific population growth rates (r), to test whether spatial population dynamics are consistent with the ideas of source-sink dynamics. 4. Although average mortality did not differ between sexes, habitat-specific mortality did. Female mortality was higher in older forests, a pattern not observed in males. Male mortality only increased with an increasing amount of open areas. Moreover, reproductive success was higher further away from human settlement, indicating a strong effect of human-associated nest predators. 5. Averaged over all years, 76% of the territories were sources. These territories generally consisted of less open areas, and were located further away from human settlement. 6. The source-sink model provides a tool for modelling demography in distinct habitat patches of different quality, which can aid in identifying key habitats within the landscape, and thus, reduce the risk of implementing unsound management decisions.

A virtual source model for kilo-voltage cone beam CT: source characteristics and model validation

The purpose of this investigation was to study the source characteristics of a clinical kilo-voltage cone beam CT unit and to develop and validate a virtual source model that could be used for treatment planning purposes.

Effect of immune pressure on hepatitis C virus evolution: insights from a single-source outbreak

The host's immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) can result in the selection of characteristic mutations (adaptations) that enable the virus to escape this response. The ability of the virus to mutate at these sites is dependent on the incoming virus, the fitness cost incurred by the mutation, and the benefit to the virus in escaping the response. Studies examining viral adaptation in chronic HCV infection have shown that these characteristic immune escape mutations can be observed at the population level as human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-specific viral polymorphisms. We examined 63 individuals with chronic HCV infection who were infected from a single HCV genotype 1b source. Our aim was to determine the extent to which the host's immune pressure affects HCV diversity and the ways in which the sequence of the incoming virus, including preexisting escape mutations, can influence subsequent mutations in recipients and infection outcomes. Conclusion: HCV sequences from these individuals revealed 29 significant associations between specific HLA types within the new hosts and variations within their viruses, which likely represent new viral adaptations. These associations did not overlap with previously reported adaptations for genotypes 1a and 3a and possibly reflected a combination of constraint due to the incoming virus and genetic distance between the strains. However, these sites accounted for only a portion of the sites in which viral diversity was observed in the new hosts. Furthermore, preexisting viral adaptations in the incoming (source) virus likely influenced the outcomes in the new hosts.