Impacto de las prácticas agrícolas en los recursos hídricos de la provincia de Córdoba: aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias degradadoras de pesticidas para su utilización en procesos de biorremediación. Impact of agricultural activities on aquatic environments of Córdoba: isolation and characterization of bacteria with pesticide removal capacities for bioremediation treatments.

Los sistemas de agua dulce constituyen fuentes vitales para el desarrollo de la vida. Entre otras causas, el excesivo y poco controlado uso de pesticidas por las prácticas agrícolas modernas ha contribuido con la degradación de estos ecosistemas en la provincia de Córdoba (Secretaría de Ambiente, 2008). Los pesticidas son compuestos tóxicos y químicamente estables en el ambiente. Diversas especies microbianas presentan la capacidad para mineralizar dichos compuestos, siendo uno de los mecanismos de descomposición más importante. En el presente trabajo se pretende (1) Detectar y cuantificar principios activos de pesticidas en diferentes aguas ambientales de la región centro-sur de la provincia de Córdoba; (2) Aislar y caracterizar especies bacterianas a partir de muestras de aguas superficiales y subterráneas de la región que demuestren ser eficientes en la biodegradación de diferentes pesticidas. Para ello, se estudiará la presencia de 10 pesticidas organoclorados y organofosforados (lindano, 2,4D, DDT, p,p-DDE, �-endosulfán, �-endosulfán, clorpirifós, dimetoato) y herbicidas (atrazina) en muestras de agua superficiales y subterráneas (8 - 12m de profundidad) de la región agrícola centro-sur de Córdoba. Se establecerán diferentes puntos de muestreo en las principales cuencas hidrográficas: Río Tercero y Embalse de Río Tercero, Canal Desviador de Bell Ville, Laguna La Salada, Río Saladillo, Río Carcarañá y Río Cuarto. La determinación de pesticidas se realizará mediante Cromatografía de Gases (GC). Conjuntamente, se realizará el aislamiento de microorganismos a partir de las muestras de agua suplementadas con diferentes concentraciones de pesticidas (López et al., 2005) y se procederá a la caracterización morfológica y bioquímica (Lechevalier, 1989). Se realizarán curvas de crecimiento (DO600) y se determinará la viabilidad celular mediante el método de recuento en placa. El potencial catabólico de cada aislamiento se determinará analizando la concentración residual de pesticidas en el sobrenadante de los cultivos (Benimeli et al, 2003) y mediante ensayos de resting-cell (Hernández et al, 2008). Finalmente se realizará la caracterización genética (Weisburg, 1991) de los aislamientos que demuestren una mayor eficiencia en la biodegradación de pesticidas. El presente estudio pretende abordar una temática prioritaria como es la contaminación ambiental de ecosistemas acuáticos de la provincia de Córdoba. la detección de principios activos de pesticidas sería, por lo tanto, un indicador de contaminación de origen antropológica y brindaría información respecto al deterioro de la calidad del agua. Por otra parte, el aislamiento de bacterias adaptadas a las condiciones ecológicas de la región y capaces de metabolizar eficientemente diferentes pesticidas como fuentes de carbono y energía sería beneficioso para su utilización en futuros ensayos de biorremediación.

Aspectos bioquímicos y celulares de la reproducción de los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas: regulación e importancia fisiológica. Biochemical and cellular aspects of the reproduction of Chagas’ disease vectors: regulation and physiologycal impact

En la hipótesis de trabajo del presente proyecto se considera la importancia del metabolismo de lípidos y proteínas en los insectos hematófagos, en particular en los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas, para afrontar exitosamente la demanda energética de la reproducción. Las hembras de estas especies pueden ingerir una comida de sangre abundante en lípidos y proteínas, los que son modificados en el intestino para su utilización y posterior almacenamiento en estructuras organizadas en el tejido ovárico, sustentando así el rápido crecimiento de los ovocitos. Estos aspectos resultan críticos para el ciclo de vida del insecto y para el mantenimiento de la cadena epidemiológica de la enfermedad. En estas especies, recientemente hemos caracterizado a nivel bioquímico y celular la interacción entre lipoproteínas y tejidos [Fruttero y col., Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 39: 322-331 (2009); Fruttero y col. Biocel 33 (3): 260 (2009)] y las fases del ciclo reproductivo [Aguirre y col., J. Insect Physiol. 54: 393-402 (2008)]. No obstante, los factores que participan en su regulación son aún escasamente conocidos. En este contexto, el estudio propone emplear dos especies de triatominos con el objeto de: (1) caracterizar los factores involucrados en la formación y regulación de reservas nutricionales en los ovocitos; (2) analizar los eventos que participan en la regresión del tejido ovárico: atresia folicular y mecanismos de muerte celular. (3) evaluar el impacto de productos naturales (ureasas vegetales y péptidos derivados) en el desarrollo del tejido ovárico. Para la ejecución de los objetivos se llevarán a cabo ensayos in vivo e in vitro con trazadores fluorescentes, fraccionamiento subcelular, estudios de expresión de proteínas (mRNA y proteína), estudios histo-morfológicos, ultraestructurales e inmunocitoquímicos, microscopía láser confocalizada, ensayos de actividad enzimática, ELISA, western-blot, electroforesis bidimensional, espectrometria de masas en tándem, etc. También se evaluarán los mecanismos de muerte celular (apoptosis/autofagia) mediante microscopía electrónica, detección de apoptosis in situ (TUNEL), inmunofluorescencia, etc. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán un mejor conocimiento sobre la fisiología y bioquímica de estos vectores, los que resultan indispensables en el diseño de nuevas estrategias para su control. Debido a la carencia de un tratamiento específico para la enfermedad y a la falta de métodos preventivos (vacuna), el control del vector es una de las vías más importantes para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Actualmente, la situación socio-económica que sufren amplios núcleos de nuestra población propicia condiciones de vida que facilitan la reproducción de los vectores y la transmisión vectorial del parásito. El estudio permitirá además explorar aspectos bioquímicos y celulares básicos, generando conocimientos que podrían ser extensivos a otros insectos de importancia económica en la ganadería y/o agricultura. The aim of this project is to analyze the biochemical and cellular events involved in the lipid and protein metabolism in Chagas' disease vectors, and to evaluate their impact on the physiology of reproduction, particularly in the formation of nutritional resources in developing oocytes. At present, little is known about these critical aspects for the life cycle of the insect and for the epidemiology of the disease. The experimental approaches, which will be carried out using two species of triatomines, were designed: (1) to characterize factors involved in the formation and regulation of nutritional resources in developing oocytes; (2) to analyze the biochemical and cellular events that play a role during the regression of ovarian tissue, including the processes of oocyte resorption and programmed cell death. (3) to evaluate the impact of natural products (ureases from jackbean and related peptides) in the development of ovarian tissue. Methods and techniques involved in the project are: in vivo and in vitro assays with fluorescent tracers, ELISA, chemical assays, enzyme activities, western-blot; protein expression (mRNA), histological techniques, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Cell death will be analyzed by detection of apoptosis in situ (TUNEL), immunofluorescence (for autophagy), among others. The results obtained from the study will offer the opportunity to explore important aspects in the biology and physiology of Chagas' disease vectors that could be of potential utility in designing alternative strategies for the control of the insect.

Ecoepidemiología de Chlamydophila psittaci, pecorum, pneumoniae, abortus en Córdoba. Eco-epidemiology of Chlamydophila psittaci, pecorum, pneumoniae, abortus in Córdoba.

Las Clamidias son bacterias patógenas de los animales de producción, de vida silvestre y de compañía. Además de las pérdidas económicas que producen las infecciones en los planteles de producción bovina, ovina, caprina, porcina y aves de corral, la mayoría de las especies tienen importancia zoonótica, pudiendo dar origen a infecciones graves, potencialmente letales en el ser humano. El orden Chlamydiales está integrado por bacterias que actúan como parásitos intracelulares obligados que desarrollan su ciclo de vida únicamente dentro de inclusiones citoplasmáticas. En este orden se encuentra la familia Chlamydiaceae que comprende dos géneros, Chlamydia y Chlamydophila; y las especies, Chlamydia trachomatis, C. suis, C. muridarum, Chlamydophila psittaci, C. abortus, C. felis, C. caviae, C. pecorum, y C. pneumoniae. C. psittaci causa psitacosis o clamidiosis aviar. En Argentina, los primeros casos clínicos de psitacosis fueron reportados en 1929. Los criadores de aves y quienes las poseen como mascotas, representan el grupo de mayor riesgo; pero también las personas que trabajan en pajarerías y aquellas que por su empleo se ven expuestas a contraer la enfermedad (empleados en peladeros donde se carnean y procesan pollos y otras aves para consumo, veterinarios, empleados de zoológicos, etc.). La infección en humanos se presenta como una neumonía severa; con fiebre alta, escalofríos, dolor de cabeza, mialgia y dificultad respiratoria. Ocasionalmente puede presentarse vómitos, dolor abdominal, diarrea y complicaciones como miocarditis, endocarditis, encefalitis, ictericia y fallas multiorgánicas, que pueden ser fatales sino se le administra el tratamiento adecuado. La infección en las mujeres embarazadas puede producir neumonía, hepatitis, insuficiencia renal, sepsis, parto prematuro y muerte fetal. Existen más de 465 especies de aves en las que se registró C. psittaci, incluyendo ornamentales, de corral, silvestres, acuáticas y palomas. Las patologías que pueden producir en estos animales son neumonitis, conjuntivitis, encefalomielitis, placentopatías, fetopatías, anorexia, diarrea e infecciones persistentes asintomáticas u oligosintomáticas. En bovinos, C. pecorum, C. abortus y C. psittaci producen infecciones respiratorias y genitales; que se presentan como cuadros de enteritis, artritis, encefalomielitis, endometritis e hipofertilidad. En Argentina, la infección clamidial en el ganado caprino fue asociada a daños en el tejido uterino, abortos, partos prematuros y crías débiles. En equinos, C. psittaci y C. pneumoniae producen abortos y desórdenes respiratorios, con un gran impacto en ganadería que redunda en pérdidas económicas. Considerando que existen escasos estudios eco-epidemiológicos y clínicos que reporten el estado de situación de estas infecciones en nuestro medio, es que el presente trabajo propone actualizar y profundizar el conocimiento de las especies de Clamidias de importancia médico-veterinaria presentes en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. El desarrollo de este proyecto aportará la implementación de técnicas que mejorarán el diagnóstico microbiológico, confirmarán los cuadros clínicos; y por lo tanto contribuirá al conocimiento de estos agentes infecciosos en nuestra región. Esta información es indispensable para los organismos responsables de la Salud Pública (Ministerios de Salud y Educación, Municipios, etc.) para que puedan obrar en consecuencia y generar sistemas de alerta temprana, tomar medidas de prevención y medidas de control frente a la presencia de un brote epidémico por alguna cepa clamidial. "Eco epidemiology of Chlamydophila psittaci, C. pecorum and C. pneumoniae: Impact on public health "The Chlamydiae are bacterial pathogens of farm animals, wildlife and pets. Besides the economic losses that occur on campuses infections of cattle, sheep, goats, swine and poultry, most species are zoonotic, infections potentially fatal can cause in humans. The order Chlamydiales is composed of the family Chlamydiaceae comprising two genera, Chlamydia and Chlamydophila, and nine species, Chlamydia trachomatis, C. suis, C. muridarum, Chlamydophila psittaci, C. abortus, C. felis, C. caviae, C. pecorum, and C. pneumoniae. The clinical manifestations in humans are associated with severe pneumonia. Also, nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, and complications such as myocarditis, endocarditis, encephalitis, jaundice and multiple organ failure. There are over 465 species of birds where recorded C. psittaci, including ornamental plants, poultry, wild waterfowl and pigeons. Sick birds eliminate chlamydia in all secretions, asymptomatic birds can develop the disease through contact with other infected birds. The human infection occurs by inhalation of aerosolized secretions of infected birds. The prevalence of C. psittaci records in humans, birds, horses, goats and cattle are scarce in Latin America. In Argentina it has been detected chlamydial antibody prevalence in cattle in Buenos Aires and La Pampa (5) and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) in the town of Santa Cruz (11). Detect this pathogen in these birds and learn about potential sources of infection would be of great public health significance. To develop an efficient system of medical and veterinary surveillance is essential to have reliable diagnostic techniques for detection and identification of Chlamydia in birds, animals and humans.

Caracterización de moléculas de rizobacterias y de leguminosas con alto impacto productivo y tecnológico en la provincia de Córdoba. Characterization of rhizobacteria and legumes molecules with high production and technological impact in the province of Córdoba.

La provincia de Córdoba cuenta con alto desarrollo agrícola a base de cereales y leguminosas, como por ejemplo el maní. Pero este cultivo con los años ha trasladado su zona de siembra original y se ha extendido hacia otras áreas de mayor riesgo ambiental a raíz de la implantación de la soja. Diversas son las consecuencias de estas dos acciones y que se extienden desde lo agroecológico hasta lo científico-técnico. Este previo estado del arte y las referencias bibliográficas que apuntan a la necesitad de aumentar el valor agregado de los cultivos, nos ha llevado a formular una hipótesis de trabajo y es que las plantas de maní y soja así como las rizobacterias que se asocian con ellas, son productoras de diversas moléculas con potencial uso biológico en la productividad del cultivo y en aplicaciones tecnológicas, biológicas e industriales. Sumado a lo anterior y a las ideas gubernamentales de la necesidad de obtener conocimiento y capitalizarlo como riqueza, y la imperiosa urgencia de responder a demandas regionales, se presenta este proyecto cuyo objetivo general apunta a estudiar la producción de diversas moléculas de rizobacterias y leguminosas con el fin de mejorar la productividad de los cultivos y desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones tecnológicas en la provincia de Córdoba. Para cumplir dentro de los dos años de trabajo solicitados con lo expuesto anteriormente, la investigación será dividida en objetivos específicos y que consisten en investigar la producción de moléculas de raíces de maní y soja, analizar la respuesta microbiana a las rizodeposiciones de ambas leguminosas y evaluar el posible papel biológico y aplicación tecnológica de moléculas de ambos tipos de organismos. Nuestro grupo es de caracter multidisciplinar y ahondará en la diversidad molecular producida por raíces de maní y soja en direfentes días y la respuesta de las rizobacterias que se asocian ellas utilizando técnicas químicas (HPLC, GC, GC-masa) y herramientas microbiológicas y bioquímicas clásicas. Con fines de aplicación tecnológica se determinará la posible acción antioxidante de los extractos vegetales sobre sistemas modelos de ensayo así como la búsqueda de enzimas y hormonas microbianas aplicables en otros campos de la ciencia. De esta forma se pretende atender algunas demandas de diferentes sectores del centro sur de Córdoba y del país pero fundamentalmente posibilitar nuevas aplicaciones de las leguminosas y de las rizobacterias además de permitir la formación académicas de alumnos de grado y posgrado de la UNRC. The province of Cordoba has high agricultural development based on cereals and legumes such as peanuts. But the crop over the years has transferred his original planting area and has spread to other areas of greatest environmental risk following the introduction of soybeans. The previous state and regional art references that point to the necessity of increasing the value-added crops, has led us to formulate a working hypothesis is that the peanut and soybean plants and rhizobacteria associated with they are products of various biological molecules with potential use in crop productivity and biological technology and industrial applications. The general objective is aimed at studying the production of various molecules and legumes rhizobacteria to improve crop productivity and develop new technological applications in the Cordoba province. This form is intended to meet some demands of different sectors of the center south of Cordoba and the country but enabling new applications of legumes and rhizobacteria in addition to allowing the academic training of undergraduates and graduate of the UNRC.

Impact of wind power generation on the electricity supply industry

The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the effect wind energy has on the Electricity Supply Industry in Ireland. Wind power generation is a source of renewable energy that is in abundant supply in Ireland and is fast becoming a resource that Ireland is depending on as a diverse and secure of supply of energy. However, wind is an intermittent resource and coupled with a variable demand, there are integration issues with balancing demand and supply effectively. To maintain a secure supply of electricity to customers, it is necessary that wind power has an operational reserve to ensure appropriate backup for situations where there is low wind but high demand. This dissertation examines the affect of this integration by comparing wind generation to that of conventional generation in the national grid. This is done to ascertain the cost benefits of wind power generation against a scenario with no wind generation. Then, the analysis examines to see if wind power can meet the pillars of sustainability. This entails looking at wind in a practical scenario to observe how it meets these pillars under the criteria of environmental responsibility, displacement of conventional fuel, cost competitiveness and security of supply.

The assessment, management and ecological significance of Irish hedgerows

The vast network of hedges in Ireland provide habitats of great importance to the wildlife of the country, yet surprisingly enough, only very limited survey work has been carried out on our hedgerows in the past. Now with the implementation of the new Rural Environmental Protection Scheme, farmers will be paid to manage their hedgerows in such a way as to make them into increasingly attractive wildlife habitats. However, hedgerow management expertise seems to be somewhat lacking in Ireland and we must draw upon the knowledge of our neighbours in the E.U. where quite an amount of research has been carried out on this subject. The aim of this study is to present the relevant aspects of the research for the benefit of the people who will be involved in the administration of the Rural Environmental Protection Scheme and to anyone else involved in hedgerow management.

The importance and accuracy of wind power forecasts

Due to the global crisis o f climate change many countries throughout the world are installing the renewable energy o f wind power into their electricity system. Wind energy causes complications when it is being integrated into the electricity system due its intermittent nature. Additionally winds intennittency can result in penalties being enforced due to the deregulation in the electricity market. Wind power forecasting can play a pivotal role to ease the integration o f wind energy. Wind power forecasts at 24 and 48 hours ahead of time are deemed the most crucial for determining an appropriate balance on the power system. In the electricity market wind power forecasts can also assist market participants in terms o f applying a suitable bidding strategy, unit commitment or have an impact on the value o f the spot price. For these reasons this study investigates the importance o f wind power forecasts for such players as the Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Independent Power Producers (IPPs). Investigation in this study is also conducted into the impacts that wind power forecasts can have on the electricity market in relation to bidding strategies, spot price and unit commitment by examining various case studies. The results o f these case studies portray a clear and insightful indication o f the significance o f availing from the information available from wind power forecasts. The accuracy o f a particular wind power forecast is also explored. Data from a wind power forecast is examined in the circumstances o f both 24 and 48 hour forecasts. The accuracy o f the wind power forecasts are displayed through a variety o f statistical approaches. The results o f the investigation can assist market participants taking part in the electricity pool and also provides a platform that can be applied to any forecast when attempting to define its accuracy. This study contributes significantly to the knowledge in the area o f wind power forecasts by explaining the importance o f wind power forecasting within the energy sector. It innovativeness and uniqueness lies in determining the accuracy o f a particular wind power forecast that was previously unknown.

Impact of Different Obesity Assessment Methods after Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: Abdominal obesity is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, identifying the best method for measuring waist circumference (WC) is a priority. Objective: To evaluate the eight methods of measuring WC in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a predictor of cardiovascular complications during hospitalization. Methods: Prospective study of patients with ACS. The measurement of WC was performed by eight known methods: midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest (1), point of minimum circumference (2); immediately above the iliac crest (3), umbilicus (4), one inch above the umbilicus (5), one centimeter above the umbilicus (6), smallest rib and (7) the point of greatest circumference around the waist (8). Complications included: angina, arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, pericarditis and death. Logistic regression tests were used for predictive factors. Results: A total of 55 patients were evaluated. During the hospitalization period, which corresponded on average to seven days, 37 (67%) patients had complications, with the exception of death, which was not observed in any of the cases. Of these complications, the only one that was associated with WC was angina, and with every cm of WC increase, the risk for angina increased from 7.5 to 9.9%, depending on the measurement site. It is noteworthy the fact that there was no difference between the different methods of measuring WC as a predictor of angina. Conclusion: The eight methods of measuring WC are also predictors of recurrent angina after acute coronary syndromes.

Investigation Route of the Coronary Patient in the Public Health System in Curitiba, São Paulo and in Incor - IMPACT Study

Background: The investigation of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and its treatment depend on risk stratification for decision-making on the need for cardiac catheterization and revascularization. Objective: To analyze the procedures used in the diagnosis and invasive treatment of patients with CAD, at the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in the cities of Curitiba, São Paulo and at InCor-FMUSP. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, observational study of the diagnostic and therapeutic itineraries of the Brazilian public health care system patient, between groups submitted or not to prior noninvasive tests to invasive cardiac catheterization. Stress testing, stress echocardiography, perfusion scintigraphy, catheterization and percutaneous or surgical revascularization treatment procedures were quantified and the economic impact of the used strategies. Results: There are significant differences in the assessment of patients with suspected or known CAD in the metropolitan region in the three scenarios. Although functional testing procedures are most often used the direct costs of these procedures differ significantly (6.1% in Curitiba, 20% in São Paulo and 27% in InCor-FMUSP). Costs related to the procedures and invasive treatments represent 59.7% of the direct costs of SUS in São Paulo and 87.2% in Curitiba. In InCor-FMUSP, only 24.3% of patients with stable CAD submitted to CABG underwent a noninvasive test before the procedure. Conclusion: Although noninvasive functional tests are the ones most often requested for the assessment of patients with suspected or known CAD most of the costs are related to invasive procedures/treatments. In most revascularized patients, the documentation of ischemic burden was not performed by SUS.

Impact of Intensive Physiotherapy on Cognitive Function after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a standard surgical option for patients with diffuse and significant arterial plaque. This procedure, however, is not free of postoperative complications, especially pulmonary and cognitive disorders. Objective: This study aimed at comparing the impact of two different physiotherapy treatment approaches on pulmonary and cognitive function of patients undergoing CABG. Methods: Neuropsychological and pulmonary function tests were applied, prior to and following CABG, to 39 patients randomized into two groups as follows: Group 1 (control) - 20 patients underwent one physiotherapy session daily; and Group 2 (intensive physiotherapy) - 19 patients underwent three physiotherapy sessions daily during the recovery phase at the hospital. Non-paired and paired Student t tests were used to compare continuous variables. Variables without normal distribution were compared between groups by using Mann-Whitney test, and, within the same group at different times, by using Wilcoxon test. The chi-square test assessed differences of categorical variables. Statistical tests with a p value ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Changes in pulmonary function were not significantly different between the groups. However, while Group 2 patients showed no decline in their neurocognitive function, Group 1 patients showed a decline in their cognitive functions (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Those results highlight the importance of physiotherapy after CABG and support the implementation of multiple sessions per day, providing patients with better psychosocial conditions and less morbidity.

Impact of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation on Left Ventricular Filling Pressure and Left Atrial Remodeling

Background:Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), and the estimation of elevated LV filling pressures by E/e' ratio is related to worse outcomes in patients with AF. However, it is unknown if restoring sinus rhythm reverses this process.Objective:To evaluate the impact of AF ablation on estimated LV filling pressure.Methods:A total of 141 patients underwent radiofrequency (RF) ablation to treat drug-refractory AF. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed 30 days before and 12 months after ablation. LV functional parameters, left atrial volume index (LAVind), and transmitral pulsed and mitral annulus tissue Doppler (e' and E/e') were assessed. Paroxysmal AF was present in 18 patients, persistent AF was present in 102 patients, and long-standing persistent AF in 21 patients. Follow-up included electrocardiographic examination and 24-h Holter monitoring at 3, 6, and 12 months after ablation.Results:One hundred seventeen patients (82.9%) were free of AF during the follow-up (average, 18 ± 5 months). LAVind reduced in the successful group (30.2 mL/m2 ± 10.6 mL/m2 to 22.6 mL/m2 ± 1.1 mL/m2, p < 0.001) compared to the non-successful group (37.7 mL/m2 ± 14.3 mL/m2 to 37.5 mL/m2 ± 14.5 mL/m2, p = ns). Improvement of LV filling pressure assessed by a reduction in the E/e' ratio was observed only after successful ablation (11.5 ± 4.5 vs. 7.1 ± 3.7, p < 0.001) but not in patients with recurrent AF (12.7 ± 4.4 vs. 12 ± 3.3, p = ns). The success rate was lower in the long-standing persistent AF patient group (57% vs. 87%, p = 0.001).Conclusion:Successful AF ablation is associated with LA reverse remodeling and an improvement in LV filling pressure.