Anestro pós-parto: luteólise prematura

The prolonged postpartum anoestrus in cows reduces the number of calves leading to a significant economic loss to producers. Suckling and nutrition are the factors of great importance to the extension of the post-partum period. Besides, the occurrence of short cycles within 30 to 40 days postpartum contributes to an increase in the parturition–conception interval. These cycles are related to development of a corpus luteum with reduced duration after the first ovulation (less than 12 days). It is known that the short persistence of the corpus luteum is caused by advance of the luteolytic mechanisms. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the cause of this anticipation. There are two currently accepted hypotheses, one related to the lack of prior exposure to progesterone, and the other related to the low concentration of pre-ovulatory estrogen. Considering the decrease in the incidence of short cycles in cows treated with progesterone and estrogen, the main protocols of ovulation induction include combination of both hormones. Therefore, this study aimed at describing the post-partum anestrous in cows and the main predisposing factors, emphasizing the first postpartum ovulation, short cycle and, its respective causes and consequences

Estudo da motilidade gástrica em ratas prenhes diabéticas e não diabéticas

Several hormonal and physiological changes that occur during pregnancy directly affect gastrointestinal motility (GI), however, very little is known about the relationship between the electrical and mechanical activities of the stomach and its implications. The aim of this study was to compare the female sex hormones, with profiles of gastrointestinal motility using AC biosusceptometry (BAC) in pregnant rats. Seven female Wistar rats (weighing 250-350 g) were used and all procedures were approved by the local Ethics Committee of animal. Laparotomy was performed on anesthetized rats and a magnetic marker (3.5 mm in diameter and 3.0 mm height) was implanted in the distal stomach. After 10 days of recuperation, the mice were put to mate until confirmation of pregnancy. Fed animals were anesthetized (mg pentobarbital 30 / kg) and kept supine for recording the signal with a sensor 30 min BAC placed on the abdominal surface on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 of gestation. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test statistical Newman-Keuls and a P value of .05 was considered statistically significant. The frequency of contraction of the stomach was 74 mHz ± 3, 67 ± 7 mHz, 59 mHz ± 6 (p <0.05 vs day -1) and 71 ± 5 mHz on days -0, -7, -14, and -20, respectively. The values of 44 ± 15 pg / mL and 31 ± 9 pg / ml 25 ± 6 pg / ml, 22 ± 9 pg / ml on days -0, -7, -14 and -20, respectively, obtained by 17ß- estradiol were not statistically significant. The values of progesterone were 13 ± 6 pg / ml at 54 ± 15 pg / ml, 127 ± 42 pg / ml (p <0.05 vs day-1), 22 ± 13 pg / mL on day -0, - 7, -14 and -20, respectively. A linear correlation (Pearson's test) between the lower frequency gastric and increased levels of progesterone was 80% (p <0.0000001). Until then, the relationship between changes in motility and hormone were not described in detail, but with the work that we were able to demonstrate the high correlation between progesterone concentration ...

Utilização de gonadotropina coriônica equina em protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em bovinos de corte

Current cattlemen must seek methods to maximum reproductive efficiency of their beef herds, making the business competitive and enhancing greater profitability. For the cow-calf producers, efficiency translates into more cows producing one calf every year. Fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) is one of several technologies that producers utilize to reach this goal. Postpartum anestrus is one of the biggest obstacles to overcome in order to obtain suitable results at the end of the breeding season. The TAI protocols are efficient in re-establishing cyclicity in noncycling cows during the postpartum period, streamlining the use of labor on farms, allowing the use of artificial insemination (AI) on a large scale, and introducing superior genetics to the herd. The protocols that are most commonly used in Brazil are based on progesterone (P4) releasing devices that prevent premature estrus and ovulation; and estradiol (E2) to synchronize the initiation of a new follicular wave. In such protocols, administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) helps the development of the follicle, increases ovulation rate, improves the endocrine and uterine environment during proestrus and diestrus, and improves fertility. The use of eCG in TAI protocols for suckled cows, non-lactating cows and heifers increases the pregnancy rate allowing more calves at the end of the breeding season and higher profitability to the cattlemen

Identificação de genes candidatos ao desenvolvimento de Leiomiomas Uterinos

Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are benign smooth muscle tumors from myometrium, representing the major indication for hysterectomies and a significant public health problem. Several genetics alterations have been associated with its development and pathogenesis. Although the initial factors that lead to the development of uterine leiomyomas are unclear, there are several evidences showing that ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, are associated with these tumors.Recent reports, however, show others genes related with distinct signalization pathways besides sex hormones, which may be or not activated by these hormones, are associated with uterine leiomyomas development. In this study, the AHR, ESR1, ESR2, PGR and WNT7A gene transcripts expression was evaluated using quantitative real time RT-PCR in 58 UL samples compared to five normal myometrium tissues to explore the hormonal molecular basis of these tumors and associate these expression pattern with clinical and pathological features. The present study showed AHR, ESR1, ESR2, PGR and WNT7A down expression in 60%, 43%, 52%, 60% e 40% of the tumors, respectively, and a significant AHR loss of expression compared with the controls samples (P=0.0130). The comparison between the genes expression values revealed a positive correlation between the AHR and ESR1 transcripts (P<0.0001; r=0.6911) and between the genes ESR1 and WNT7A (P<0.0001; r=0.5655). The expression pattern was compared with clinical and pathological features. The WNT7A gene presented a differential expression pattern between the proliferative and secretory phase of menstrual cycle (P=0.0373) and the AHR and ESR1 genes were differentially expressed between women in reproductive and menopause years (P=0.0267; P=0.0415, respectively). The ESR1 and WNT7A down regulation was statistically ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Sanidade Uterina Pós Parto: Aspectos Imunológicos e Terapêuticos

Function of the uterus is often compromised in cattle by bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen after parturition. Pathogenic bacteria often persist, causing uterine disease, a major cause of infertility in cattle. Knowledge of the immunological aspects of the uterus involved in maintaining reproductive healthiness is fundamental to the study of uterine infections that affect the uterus postpartum. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes have an important role because they are the first line of defense against colonization of bacteria in utero (Hammon and Goff, 2006). The establishment of uterine infection depends in parts of endocrine environment, particularly progesterone, which suppresses the immune system (Lewis, 2003). In the puerperium may occur uterine disorders, such as retained placenta, puerperal metritis, clinical and subclinical endometritis and pyometra, this review was proposed a study of the immunology involved in uterine health and a better understanding of uterine disorders, using the model of Sheldon et al. al, (2006) for classification of diseases, and a study of best treatment options and discussion about its functionality, because a lot of controversy among authors about choosing a treatment and another and between treated and untreated

Piometra canina

Pyometra occurs when bacteria colonize the uterus that is under the progesterone dominance. The diagnosis can be carried out based on anamnesis, clinical signals, physical examination and laboratory findings. The prognostic of this desease is relative when the medical therapy is used as an option. The best prevention is the surgery. The present report has an objective accomplishes a literature revision it informs on the pathology in subject gathering the available information regarding the several etiologies of that desease, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complemental exams and treatment

Aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e expressão gênica do endométrio de cadelas acometidas por hiperplasia endometrial cística, mucometra e piometra

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Perfil de progesterona em macacos-da-noite (Aotus azarai infulatus) em cativeiro

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Aspectos morfológicos e funcionais do corpo lúteo bovino durante a luteólise parcial e total

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utiização de altrenogest injetável par o estabelecimento e manutençao da gestação em éguas receptoras de embriões acíclicas

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Análise da relevância clínica da classificação histológica dos carcinomas de mama de tipos lobular e ductal e sua relação com a classificação molecular

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Resistência de união e microinfiltração em restaurações de resina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Incorporation of chlorhexidine gluconate or diacetate into a glass-ionomer cement: porosity, surface roughness, and anti-biofilm activity

To evaluate the porosity, surface roughness and anti-biofilm activity of a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) after incorporation of different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate or diacetate. Methods: For the porosity and surface roughness tests, 10 test specimens were fabricated of the GIC Ketac Molar Easy Mix (KM) and divided into the following groups: Control, GIC and 0.5% CHX diacetate; GIC and 1.0% CHX diacetate; GIC and 2.0% CHX diacetate; GIC and 0.5% CHX gluconate; GIC and 1.0% CHX gluconate; GIC and 2.0% CHX gluconate. To evaluate porosity, the test specimens were fractured. The fragments were photographed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the images analyzed with the aid of the software program Image J. The surface roughness (Ra) was obtained by the mean value of three readouts performed on the surface of each specimen, always through the center. To analyze the anti-biofilm activity, strains of S. mutans ATCC 35688 were used, and the groups control and GIC +CHX diacetate 1% were divided as follows: GIC (1 day); GIC (7 days), GIC (14 days), GIC (21 days); GIC+CHX (1 day), GIC+CHX (7 days), GIC+CHX (14 days), GIC+CHX (21 days); GIC+ CHX (1 day), GIC+ CHX (7 days), GIC+ CHX (14 days) and GIC+ CHX (21 days) using 10 test specimens per group. For biofilm growth, the specimens were placed in a vertical position in 24-well plates and incubated overnight 10 times. The culture medium was renewed every 24 hours. The suspension was diluted and seeded on BHI agar for quantification of the bacteria present. For evaluation of all the tests the two-way ANOVA was used, and if necessary, the Tukey test was applied, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: Regarding GIC porosity, the ANOVA showed that the presence of CHX increased the porosity (P< 0.001) proportionally to the increase in concentrations (P= 0.001), without however, presenting interaction between material and concentration (P= 0.705). Regarding the number of pores, a significant increase in pores was observed with the increase in CHX concentration (P= 0.003). The surface roughness test demonstrated no statistically significant effect as to increase or reduction in roughness at any of the CHX concentrations used (P> 0.05). Anti-biofilm activity analysis pointed out a significant effect of the factors material (P= 0.006) and time (P< 0.001), with CHX diacetate CHX presenting greater effectiveness in reducing microorganisms.

Caracterização imuno-histoquímica de células do infiltrado inflamatório e de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias nos carcinomas mamários caninos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Efeitos da progesterona exógena na produção in vitro de embriões em novilhas Nelore pré-púberes

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV