Comunidades de prática online: contributos para a prática letiva: um estudo de caso no âmbito da educação em ciência envolvendo professores e investigadores

As comunidades de prática (CoP), bem como a investigação-ação, têm vindo a ser apontadas na literatura como formas de promover o desenvolvimento profissional de professores, potenciando a melhoria das suas práticas letivas. Contudo, as evidências empíricas relativas às práticas letivas desenvolvidas por professores no âmbito dessas configurações sociais são escassas. Neste estudo procura-se contribuir para colmatar essa lacuna ao analisar uma CoP online, que envolveu professores de ciências e investigadores em Educação em Ciência (EC) e se constituiu no âmbito do projeto “Investigação e práticas lectivas em Educação em Ciência: Dinâmicas de interacção” (IPEC), com enfoques distintos, a que se alude abaixo. A investigação realizada envolveu uma metodologia de natureza predominantemente qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória e do tipo estudo de caso único, sendo o caso as práticas letivas desenvolvidas pelos membros da CoP referida e as dinâmicas de interação entre os mesmos. Como técnicas de recolha de dados, recorreu-se principalmente à observação mediada pela plataforma online de apoio ao desenvolvimento do projeto (dados estatísticos e as mensagens registadas automaticamente) e recolha de documentos. Quanto às técnicas de análise de dados, optou-se principalmente pela análise de conteúdo e análise documental interna, tendo-se triangulado dados de diferentes fontes. Com base no Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth, que Clarke e Hollingsworth propuseram em 2002, e em instrumentos de análise resultantes da revisão de literatura, adaptados aos enfoques definidos, a análise da CoP selecionada incidiu sobre: a) os domínios externo e das práticas de desenvolvimento curricular (DC), ou seja, as suas dinâmicas de interação durante dois anos letivos; b) o domínio das consequências nas práticas letivas, no que concerne às estratégias de ensino de ciências desenvolvidas; c) a evidências do seu carater inovador; e d) aos princípios de DC operacionalizados através do módulo curricular desenhado, implementado, avaliado e disseminado pelos membros da CoP. Os resultados indicam que a) a participação dos membros variou ao longo do período de interação e que a sua dinâmica se enquadra numa adaptação das fases de desenvolvimento de CoP proposta por Wenger e colegas em 2002, com dois ciclos de investigação-ação; b) a CoP desenvolveu estratégias de ensino diversificadas, pouco exploradas por professores e coerentes com diversas recomendações da literatura, de forma consistente; c) as práticas letivas são inovadoras, do tipo challenging, tendo incluído o envolvimento de professores que lecionavam nas escolas dos professores membros da CoP; e d) a CoP operacionalizou vários princípios de DC recomendados na literatura, nomeadamente a flexibilidade e diferenciação. Os resultados empíricos permitiram ainda validar as dimensões do modelo de Clarke e Hollingsworth, assim como adaptar à especificidade do caso analisado.Pelo acima referido, embora reconhecendo as limitações do estudo, nomeadamente relativas às opções metodológicas efetuadas, foi possível inferir que o trabalho realizado no seio desta CoP online de professores e investigadores contribuiu para a inovação e melhoria de práticas letivas de EC. Do estudo resultam ainda instrumentos de análise que se consideram relevantes, dado poderem vir a ser usados em investigações futuras, assim como poderem vir a orientar professores de ciências que desejem alinhar as suas práticas de ensino com recomendações da investigação em EC. Por fim, são apresentadas recomendações relativamente ao envolvimento de professores e investigadores em CoP online, no âmbito da EC, assim como relativamente a possibilidades ao nível de investigações futuras, nomeadamente a validação dos instrumentos e das recomendações apresentadas em contextos mais abrangentes e transversais.

Kids just wanna have fun: Children's experiences of a weight management programme

Objectives: To explore children's accounts of their experiences of the UK‘s largest childhood obesity programme, MEND (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition…Do it!) (See www.mendprogramme.org). Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with children who had completed the MEND obesity programme. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Method Fourteen children spanning diverse areas of London comprised this study (eight male, six female), aged between 11 and 14 years and in secondary school. Participants were interviewed a year after completing one of the London-based MEND obesity programmes. Results: This article focuses on the most common and striking theme to emerge from the original dataset (The complete analysis may be found in L. Watson, Unpublished doctoral thesis): Fun. Subthemes were: ‘going with the flow’; active participation in activities that led to new experiences (‘actually doing it’ – seeing the fun side); the importance of others in the experience of fun (‘you do games in unity’ – ‘it's not as fun on your own’). Conclusion: Children have fun when engaged in interactive and varied activities with opportunity for individual feedback and improvement. When designing childhood obesity programmes, conditions that optimise children's experience of fun should be emphasised over didactic and risk-heavy information pertaining to childhood obesity.

Percepções das famílias e dos profissionais acerca das práticas de apoio precoce no Algarve

Dissertação de mest., Psicologia, Especialização em Psicologia da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Machine learning techniques for music information retrieval

Tese de doutoramento, Informática (Engenharia Informática), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015

A review of tourism policy for the 2012 Olympics

This review considers the main tourism policy documents published by the UK Department for Culture, Media & Sport which are explicitly linked with the hosting of the Olympic Games in London in 2012. It reflects on the use of evidence gained from wider events hosting strategies utilized elsewhere, but notes concern about the lack of a coherent marketing theme and the potential to spread the tourism benefits beyond the main event venues. It concludes citing again the oft-noted problem about the links between tourism and wider cultural strategy development.

The Invention of Hebrew Prose: Literary Language and the Dilemmas of Mimesis, pt. 3, sect. 1

DIscussion of how the Hebrew literary language developed and how it is used to create a reality.

The Invention of Hebrew Prose: Literary Language and the Dilemmas of Mimesis, pt. 3, sect. 2

DIscussion of how the Hebrew literary language developed and how it is used to create a reality

The Invention of Hebrew Prose: Literary Language and the Dilemmas of Mimesis, pt. 2

DIscussion of how the Hebrew literary language developed and how it is used to create a reality.

The Invention of Hebrew Prose: Literary Language and the Dilemmas of Mimesis, pt. 1

DIscussion of how the Hebrew literary language developed and how it is used to create a reality

Enzymatic grafting: A novel approach to develop multifunctional materials of interest

Today more than 99% of plastics are petroleum-based because of the availability and cost of the raw material. The durability of disposed plastics contributes to the environmental problems as waste and their persistence in the environment causes deleterious effects on the ecosystem. Environmental pollution awareness and the demand for green technology have drawn considerable attention of both academia and industry into biodegradable polymers. In this regard green chemistry technology has the potential to provide solution to this issue. Enzymatic grafting has recently been the focus of green chemistry technologies due to the growing environmental concerns, legal restrictions, and increasing availability of scientific knowledge. Over the last several years, research covering various applications of robust enzymes like laccases and lipases has been increased rapidly, particularly in the field of polymer science, to graft multi-functional materials of interest. In principle, enzyme-assisted grafting may modify/impart a variety of functionalities to the grafted composites which individual materials fail to demonstrate on their own. The modified polymers through grafting have a bright future and their development is practically boundless. In the present study series of graft composites with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB) as side chain and cellulose as a backbone polymer were successfully synthesised by introducing enzymatic grafting technique where laccase and lipase were used as model catalysts [1-3]. Subsequently, the resulting composites were removed from the casting surface under ambient environment and characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in detail. Moreover, the thermo-mechanical behaviours of the grafted composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) measurements, respectively. In addition, hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics of the grafted polymers were studied through drop contour analysis using water contact angle (WCA). In comparison to the individual counterparts improvement was observed in the thermo- mechanical properties of the composites to varied extent. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus values of the composites reached their highest levels in comparison to the films prepared with pure P(3HB) only which was too fragile to measure any of the above said characteristics. Interestingly, untreated P(3HB) was hydrophobic in nature and after lipase treatment P(3HB) and P(3HB)-EC-based graft composite attained higher level of hydrophilicity. This is a desired characteristic that enhances the biocompatibility of the materials for proper cell adhesion and proliferation therefore suggesting potential candidates for tissue engineering/bio-medical type applications [3]. The present research will be a first step in the biopolymer modification. To date no report has been found in literature explaining the laccase/lipase assisted grafting of P(3HB) [1-3]. The newly grafted composites exhibit unique functionalities with wider range of potential applications in bio-plastics, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, tissue engineering, and biosensors. [1] H.M.N. Iqbal, G. Kyazze, T. Tron and T. Keshavarz, Cellulose 21, 3613-3621 (2014). [2] H.M.N. Iqbal, G. Kyazze, T. Tron and T. Keshavarz, Carbohydrate Polymers 113, 131-137 (2014). [3] H.M.N. Iqbal, G. Kyazze, T. Tron and T. Keshavarz, Polymer Chemistry In-Press, DOI: 10.1039/C4PY0 0857J (2014).

Laccase bio-grafting a versatile modification tool from green chemistry technologies

Today more than 99% of plastics are petroleum-based because of availability and cost of the raw material. The durability of these disposed plastics contributes to the environmental problems as waste and their persistence in the environment causes deleterious effects on the ecosystem. Environmental pollution awareness and the demand for green technology have drawn considerable attention of both academia and industry into biodegradable polymers. In this regard green chemistry technology has the potential to provide solution to this problematic issue. Laccase bio-grafting has recently been the focus of green chemistry technologies due to the growing environmental concerns, legal restrictions and increasing availability of scientific knowledge. In the last several years, research covering various applications of laccases has been increased rapidly particularly in the field of grafting. In principle, laccase-assisted graft co-polymerization may impart a variety of new functionalities to a polymer. The modified polymers through grafting have a bright future and their development is practically boundless. In present work, novel biodegradable graft copolymers combining the advantages of bacterial cellulose backbone and PHB side chains will be prepared by introducing enzymatic grafting technique. The present research will be a first step in the biopolymer modification. To date no report has been found in literature explaining the enzymatic grafting of PHAs. The technique would also provide an efficient modulation approach to improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the graft copolymer. The newly grafted copolymers will exhibit unique functionalities with wider range of potential applications mainly in tissue engineering, biosensors, pharmaceutical industry (drug delivery systems) and bio-plastics.

Reflections on conducting research on the ‘war on terror’: religious identity, subjectivity and emotions

In recent years there has been an increase in literature which has explored the insider/outsider position through ethnic identities. However, there remains a neglect of religious identities, even though it could be argued that religious identities have become increasingly important through being prominent in international issues such as the ‘war on terror’ and the Middle East conflict. Through drawing on the concept of subjectivity, I reflect on research I conducted on the impact of the ‘war on terror’ on British Muslims. I explore the space between the insider/outsider position demonstrating how my various subjectivities – the ‘non-Islamic appearance I’, the ‘Muslim I’, the ‘personal I’, the ‘exploring I’, the ‘Kashmiri I’ or the ‘Pakistani I’, the ‘status I’ and the ‘outsider I’ – assisted in establishing trust, openness and commonality. I conclude by demonstrating how the ‘emotional I’ allowed me to manage my own emotions and participants emotions.