Selective SWIFT-R. A Flexible Software-Based Technique for Soft Error Mitigation in Low-Cost Embedded Systems

Commercial off-the-shelf microprocessors are the core of low-cost embedded systems due to their programmability and cost-effectiveness. Recent advances in electronic technologies have allowed remarkable improvements in their performance. However, they have also made microprocessors more susceptible to transient faults induced by radiation. These non-destructive events (soft errors), may cause a microprocessor to produce a wrong computation result or lose control of a system with catastrophic consequences. Therefore, soft error mitigation has become a compulsory requirement for an increasing number of applications, which operate from the space to the ground level. In this context, this paper uses the concept of selective hardening, which is aimed to design reduced-overhead and flexible mitigation techniques. Following this concept, a novel flexible version of the software-based fault recovery technique known as SWIFT-R is proposed. Our approach makes possible to select different registers subsets from the microprocessor register file to be protected on software. Thus, design space is enriched with a wide spectrum of new partially protected versions, which offer more flexibility to designers. This permits to find the best trade-offs between performance, code size, and fault coverage. Three case studies have been developed to show the applicability and flexibility of the proposal.

The eight hours day for wage earning women: United States Supreme Court upholds the California law : List of eight hours laws

National Consumers' League.

Differences between groups of family physicians with different attitudes towards at-risk drinkers : a post hoc study of the ODHIN survey in Portugal

Copyright © 2016 Frederico Rosário et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The Impact of the Collaborative Economy on the Labour Market. CEPS Special Report No. 138, June 2016

The digitalisation of work is creating new ways of intermediating work, with for example platforms intermediating work between individuals online. These so-called online collaborative platforms have the potential to fundamentally change the labour market, but for the moment, with an estimated 100,000 active workers or 0.05% of total employees in the EU, they do not seem to have a large impact on the offline/traditional labour market or the create/destroy impetus. This paper analyses the direct and indirect impact of the collaborative economy on the labour market. The findings, based on a collection of empirical studies, suggest that most workers do not earn their main income through online platforms and they obtain earnings from different types of platforms. Earnings from physical/local services are, in general, substantially higher than virtual services that can potentially be delivered globally. The paper also assesses the conditions, number of hours worked and employment status, compared to the offline labour market, and finds shows large differences across types of workers, platforms, and countries. The emergence of online collaborative platforms poses some challenges and opportunities for policy-makers. On the one hand, they may be challenged to ensure minimum remuneration, fair evaluation, tax declaration and social protection, and reduction of the administrative burden. On the other hand, the new technologies may provide opportunities to (partially) liberate some professional services and activate specific groups at a distance away from the labour market. This paper was commissioned by the European Commission as input into its European Agenda for the Collaborative Economy. This Ag

Appeal to members of Parliament, and to the working classes, respecting the ten hours factory bill : with sketches of its chief promoters /

Signed: Philo Demos.

The ten hours' bill : the history of factory legislation ... since its introduction to Parliament ... to which is appended A warning address to the working-classes / by the Earl of Shaftesbury ; delivered in the town-hall, Manchester, October 6th, 1866.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report on an inquiry into the rates of wages, hours, and degree of industrial organisation in the wholesale and retail grocery and provisions trade in England and Wales.

At head of title: Ministry of Labour.

Estimates of employment, hours, and earnings in nonagricultural establishments;

No more published?

The impact of flexitime on organizational functioning : a field study /

"WPT-3"--Cover.

Estimates of employment, hours, and earnings in nonagricultural establishments in Illinois.

Description based on: No. 3 (1958-1962).

Letter to the Right Hon. Lord Ashley, on the cotton factory question, and the ten hours' factory bill : with an appendix, containing an abstract of the bill /

Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 28307.9.

... Women's hours and wages in the District of Columbia in 1937.

Mimeographed.

Alternative work schedule : a technology assessment from the National Science Foundation /

"NSF/RA-770303."

Feasibility study of a system of staggered industry hours /

"PB-261 983."

Hours and earnings; estimated hours and earnings of production workers in manufacturing, mining, and contract construction in Kansas, 1949-1961.

Chiefly tables.