Incentivo à mudança do estilo de vida visando a redução do índice de massa corporal na comunidade

A obesidade é uma doença caracterizada pelo acúmulo de gordura corporal excessiva no organismo dos indivíduos. Considerada como um problema de saúde pública, a obesidade traz uma série de patologias que prejudicam a saúde da população. A vida moderna, associada a hábitos alimentares inadequados e ao sedentarismo são os maiores agravantes deste problema. Estas evidências comprovam a necessidade de busca por metodologias que reduzam a obesidade e os fatores de risco associados . Este trabalho objetivou elaborar uma proposta de intervenção com vistas à melhoria do estilo de vida e hábitos saudáveis da população por meio do uso do serviço de nutrição e educação física do NASF no município de Candeias. Para a construção da proposta de intervenção foi realizada pesquisa na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados do Scientific Electronic Library Online SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico com as seguintes palavras chave: obesidade emagrecimento e atividade física. Espera-se que por meio de uma ação interdisciplinar, seja possível promover a redução do IMC e manutenção do peso, partindo de mudanças simples como a mudança nos hábitos alimentares e a prática regular de atividades física. Para que os resultados sejam efetivos é importante que haja o comprometimento das equipes de saúde e o compromisso dos indivíduos.

Qualificação da Atenção aos Usuários com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na UBS Elpídio Moreira Sousa, Rio Branco/AC

MARTINEZ, Geisell Torres. Qualificação da atenção aos usuários com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e/ou diabetes mellitus na UBS Elpídio Moreira Sousa, Rio Branco/AC. Ano 2016. 85f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Ano 2016. A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é uma condição muito prevalente que contribui para efeitos adversos à saúde, incluindo: mortes prematuras, ataques cardíacos, insuficiência renal e acidente vascular cerebral. Já a Diabetes Mellitus (DM) lidera as causas de cegueira, doença renal, amputação e expõe a um aumento de mortalidade principalmente por eventos cardiovasculares. Na USF Elpidio Moreira o número de pessoas com DM residentes na área é de 63 pessoas e o número de pessoas com HAS é de 210 usuários, os quais são os usuários esquecidos da área, pois muitos deles havia mais de dois anos sem fazer exames de rotina de acordo com o protocolo e não eram avaliados pelos especialistas correspondentes. Além disso, esses usuários, especialmente aqueles com DM se alimentam de maneira errada, tanto em qualidade como em quantidade de alimentos assim como horários de alimentação. Muitos são tabagistas; não realizam atividades físicas; não conhecem sobre higiene dental; o índice de massa corporal está acima de 29, em quase todos; não possuíam carteira de acompanhamento, registro na unidade ou ficha espelho. O objetivo da intervenção foi qualificar a atenção à saúde dos hipertensos e diabéticos da UBS. Esta intervenção foi estruturada para ser desenvolvida no período de 12 semanas com os adultos acima de 20 anos portadores de HAS e DM que faziam parte dos cadastros da UBS. A coleta de dados utilizou uma ficha espelho elaborada de acordo com o que estava previsto no protocolo e a sistematização desses dados se deu por meio da planilha de Coleta de dados. Esse processo compreendia o uso de diversas ações elencadas nos eixos de Monitoramento e Avaliação, Organização e Gestão do Serviço, Engajamento Público e Qualificação da Prática Clínica. Conseguimos atingir uma cobertura de 100% das pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes da área de abrangência. A intervenção teve uma grande importância para o serviço revendo as atribuições da equipe e viabilizando a atenção a um maior número de pessoas. Houve uma grande melhoria do registro e o agendamento dos hipertensos e diabéticos viabilizando a otimização da agenda da UBS. Conseguimos cifras importantes, de modo que 210 usuários hipertensos (100%) e 63 portadores de diabetes (100%) ficaram com o exame clínico em dia; todos estes usuários tiveram a solicitação dos exames complementares em dia e tiveram priorização dos medicamentos da Farmácia Popular. Quanto a nossa equipe, podemos destacar que a intervenção exigiu que a equipe se capacitasse para seguir as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde relativas ao rastreamento, diagnóstico, tratamento e monitoramento da Hipertensão e Diabetes. Esta atividade promoveu o trabalho integrado entre todos. Palavras-chave: atenção primária à saúde; saúde da família; doença crônica; diabetes mellitus; hipertensão.

Análise de indicadores dos exames de papanicolaou e mamografia de uma ESF do município de Passos/MG, antes e após a adesão ao Programa Nacional da Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção (PMAQ)

O câncer de mama e de colo de útero está entre as três neoplasias mais comuns entre mulheres, configurando grande problema de saúde pública em todo mundo, pois as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade se mantém crescente a décadas. Os exames de Papanicolaou e mamografia são efetivos na identificação precoce de neoplasias, porém, muitas mulheres ainda não realizam esses exames regularmente. O Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ) foi criado em 2011, com objetivo de melhorar os serviços, aumentando a o acesso dos usuários as ESF de todo país, criando indicadores por ciclos de vida, de forma a fortalecer os processos de trabalho. As buscas bibliográficas foram realizadas nas bases de dados: SciELO e Google Acadêmico, além do relato da experiência vivenciada pela autora na observação cotidiana da ESF. Este estudo teve como objetivo, realizar um comparativo do número de exames de Papanicolaou e mamografia, antes e depois da adesão de uma ESF de Passos-MG ao PMAQ. Buscou-se também, identificar as estratégias utilizadas empregadas com o intuito de aumentar a cobertura de mulheres para estes dois exames preventivos. Foi realizado levantamento da série histórica dos exames de Papanicolaou e Mamografia, do qual se comprovou que a quantidade de exames realizados tiveram um aumento considerável após a adesão ao PMAQ. No entanto, esse aumento geral do acesso dos usuários, tem sobrecarregado a equipe devido ao acúmulo de novas atividades criadas pelo programa, o que pode comprometer a qualidade dos serviços.

Cephalometric And Anthropometric Data Of Obstructive Apnea In Different Age Groups.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumferences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group.

Neurological evaluation of neonates with intraventricular and periventricular hemorrhage

We studied the clinical aspects of 100 consecutive premature newborns with and without intraventricular and periventricular hemorrhage (IPVH).The diagnosis of IPVH was obtained by ultrasonic scans of the skull during the first week of life and at the age of one month. Forty eight percent of newborns with IPVH had abnormal results, and there was a significant correlation with the neurological evaluation in 85% of the infants. The probability of normality for a child with no associated brain abnormalities was 72%, whereas for a child of the same gestational age with associated brain abnormalities was 48.7%.

Comparação das avaliações neuropsicológicas em menina com doença cerebrovascular bilateral (moyamoya) antes e após a intervenção cirúrgica

Moyamoya is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease with characteristic angiographic findings and a clinical picture with episodes of transient ischemic attacks, headache, seizures, hemiparesis, which may resolve after surgical treatment. We describe the case of a girl with the typical findings of the disease, comparing them before and after surgery with the use of neuropsychological tests, neurological examination and laboratory tests.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis and connective tissue disorders

OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with chronic and recurrent aseptic meningitis.METHOD: A retrospective study of five patients with aseptic meningoencefalitis diagnosed by clinical and CSF findings. CT scans showed without no relevant findings. RESULTS: MRI showed small multifocal lesions hyperintense on T2 weighted images and FLAIR, with mild or no gadolinium enhancement, mainly in periventricular and subcortical regions. Meningoencephalitis preceded the diagnosis of the underlying disease in four patients (Behçet´s disease or systemic lupus erythematosus). After the introduction of adequate treatment for the rheumatic disease, they did not present further symptoms of aseptic meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningoencephalitis can be an early presentation of an autoimmune disease. It is important to emphasize the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.

Relação dose-dependente do uso crônico de fenitoína e atrofia cerebelar em pacientes com epilepsia

The chronic treatment with phenytoin or the acute intoxication by this drug may cause permanent cerebellar injury with atrophy of cerebellum vermis and hemispheres, which can be detected by neuroimaging studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the dosage and duration of treatment with phenytoin and the occurrence of cerebellar atrophy. Sixty-six patients were studied and had their tomographies analyzed for cerebellar atrophy. Of the 66 patients studied, 18 had moderate/severe atrophy, 15 had mild atrophy and 33 were considered to be normal. The patients with moderate/severe atrophy were those with higher exposure to phenytoin (longer duration of treatment and higher total dosage) showing statistically significant difference when compared to patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p=0.02). Further, the patients with moderate/severe atrophy had serum levels of phenytoin statistically higher than those of patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p = 0.008). There was no association between other antiepileptic drugs dosage or duration of treatment and degree of cerebellar atrophy. We also found that older patients had cerebellar atrophy more frequently, indicating that age or duration of the seizure disorder may also be important in the determination of cerebellar degeneration in these patients. We conclude that although there is a possibility that repeated seizures contribute to cerebellar damage, long term exposure to phenytoin, particularly in high doses and toxic serum levels, cause cerebellar atrophy.

Neuropsychological and phonological evaluation in the Apert's syndrome: study of two cases

This study evaluated two cases of Apert's syndrome, through phonological, cognitive, and neuropsychological instruments and correlated the results to complementary exams. In short, this study reveals the necessity of application of neuropsychological, cognitive and phonological evaluation and correlation of the results with complementary testings because significant differences can be present in the Apert's syndrome.

Condutividade e difusividade térmica do figo (Ficus carica L.) Roxo de Valinhos

The post harvest cooling and/or freezing processes for horticultural products have been carried out with the objective of removing the heat from these products, allowing them a bigger period of conservation. Therefore, the knowledge of the physical properties that involve heat transference in the fig fruit Roxo de Valinhos is useful for calculating projects and systems of food engineering in general, as well as, for using in equations of thermodynamic mathematical models. The values of conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the whole fig fruit-rami index were determined, and from these values it was determined the value of the specific heat. For these determination it was used the transient method of the Line Heat Source. The results shown that the fig fruit has a thermal conductivity of 0.52 W m-1°C, thermal diffusivity of 1.56 x 10-7 m² s-1, pulp density of 815.6 kg m-3 and specific heat of 4.07 kJ kg-1 °C.

Influência da embalagem de polietileno de baixa densidade e da temperatura na conservação do repolho minimamente processado

This research studied the effect of low density polyethylene packaging and storage temperature on the preservation of fresh-cut (minimally processed) cabbage. The cabbages, previously cooled to a temperature of 10 ºC, were selected, washed, cut in four parts (with the central stalk removed), sanitized, cut in strips, rinsed, put in the centrifuge, weighed and stored in plastic packaging of low density polyethylene (70 µm), and then stored in cold chambers at temperatures of 1 and 10 ºC for 20 days. The following aspects were evaluated: carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethylene in the internal atmosphere of the package as well as, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C, loss of fresh mass and the total soluble solids/acidity in the fresh-cut cabbage ratio. The experimental design was entirely casual, with three repetitions. The analysis parameters, except for the vitamin C, loss of fresh mass and ethylene, presented significant variation between the temperatures and days of storage. The cabbage stored at a temperature of 1 ºC presented a shelf life of around 15 days, significantly higher than that stored at 10 ºC. At this temperature, on the 8th day of storage, the product was completely decayed, unfit for commercialization or consumption.

Desempenho físico-mecânico de minipainéis de terra crua tratada com aditivos químicos

The aim of this research was to study the effect of chemical additives (lime and Portland cement) associated with sodium silicate on soil in order to obtain compressed soil bricks. Mini panels were constructed with such bricks being their physical and mechanical characteristics determined in laboratory conditions and their behavior evaluated through the association of destructive and non-destructive methods. For this purpose a sandy soil and a finely divided one were added to Portland cement and lime in the dosage of 6% and 10% taken in dry weight basis in relation to the dry soil. The sodium silicate dosage of 4% was also taken in dry weight basis in relation to the dry soil-cement or to the dry soil-lime. The compressed soil bricks were cured in a humidity chamber for 7; 28; 56 and 91 days. The bricks were laid on the fourteenth day to form prismatic mini panels each one with four layers of bricks. After 28; 56 and 91 days the mini panels were submitted to both; ultrasonic and compressive tests to determine its elastic properties (dynamic modulus) and the compressive resistance. The best results in terms of compressive strength, water absorption capacity or dynamic elastic modulus, were reached by the sandy soil added to 10% of Portland cement or lime associated with sodium silicate.

Durabilidade de compósito biomassa vegetal-cimento modificado por polímero

The durability of the cellulose-cement composites is a decisive factor to introduce such material in the market. Polymers have been used in concrete and mortar production to increase its durability. The goal of this work was the physical and mechanical characterization of cellulose-cement composites modified by a polymer and the subsequent durability evaluation. The work also evaluated the dispersion of acrylic polymer in composites made of Pinus caribaea residues. The physical properties observed were water absorption by immersion and bulk density. Rupture modulus and toughness were determined by flexural test. The specimens were obtained from pads, produced by pressing and wet curing. Samples were subjected to accelerated aging tests by repeated wetting and drying cycles and hot-water bath and natural aging. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed verifying the fiber and composite characteristics along the time. For the composite range analyzed, it was observed the polymer improved the mechanical properties of composites besides a significant decreasing in water absorption. The use of polymer improved the performance of vegetable fiber-cement composites when compared to the conventional mortar, due to water absorption decreasing.

Aerodinâmica de leitos vibrofluidizados: uma revisão

Application of mechanical vibration to aid fluidization and to improve heat, mass and momentum transfer are usual processes in agricultural industry and it has found nowadays extensive applications in particle processing of materials difficult-to-fluidized. Equations and experimental data found in literature for the aerodynamics characteristics of vibro-fluidized beds are presented and discussed, emphasizing the vibration effect in the bed.

Utilização de 1-metilciclopropeno e resfriamento rápido na conservação de pêssegos

Postharvest losses vary among the different vegetable products. However, among fruits and vegetables the losses generally range from 30% to 50%. Thus, this paper aimed the application of 1-methylcycloprene (1-MCP) and fast cooling with forced air (PC) on peaches, in order to estimate their effects in the ripening process of this fruit. Physiological analyses were performed, such as loss of fresh mass, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ratio and CO2 production, as well as sensorial analyses such as color, texture and flavor. The experiment was divided in two phases. In the first one, concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 nL/L 1-MCP, applied at 0 ºC and 20 ºC, were tested. The fruits treated without 1-MCP were denominated control for both temperatures studied. The second phase was composed by the following treatments: cold storage (CS) or control, cooling with forced air (CFA), cooling with forced air followed by 1-MCP application (CFA + 1-MCP) and 1-MCP application (1-MCP). Among these, the CFA + 1-MCP treatment provided more firmness of the fruits in comparison to the control fruits. The respiratory rate of peaches under CFA and CFA + 1-MCP treatments decreased in comparison to the control fruit respiratory rates.