Desempenho de linhagens de melão rendilhado em casa de vegetação

Avaliaram-se 20 linhagens de melão rendilhado, obtidas em programa de melhoramento genético do meloeiro da UNESP, com relação às características associadas à produção e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da UNESP em Jaboticabal, de junho de 2001 a dezembro de 2002. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 20 tratamentos (linhagens), em quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi composta por oito plantas no espaçamento 0,5 x 1,0 m. Foram avaliados a produtividade (g/m²), peso médio, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal do lóculo e do fruto, índice de formato do fruto, espessura e coloração do mesocarpo e do epicarpo e teor de sólidos solúveis (ºBrix) dos frutos. As linhagens JAB-24-3, JAB-24-4, JAB-24-5, JAB-24-7, JAB-24-8, JAB-24-9, JAB-24-11, JAB-24-12, JAB-24-13, JAB-24-14, JAB-24-15, JAB-24-18 e JAB-24-20 se destacaram das demais na maioria das características avaliadas, demonstrando bom potencial para obtenção de híbridos comerciais.

Cultivo de melão rendilhado com dois e três frutos por planta

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de melão rendilhado produzidas em plantas sob raleio dos frutos. Foram estudadas as cultivares Maxim, Louis, Fantasy, Shinju 200, e Bônus nº2, com as plantas conduzidas com dois e três frutos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com quatro repetições e com as plantas dispostas no espaçamento de 1,0 m entre linhas e 0,5 m entre plantas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se fertirrigação e vasos plásticos de 13 L, preenchidos com fibra da casca de coco Golden Mix® Misto 98. As mudas foram produzidas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido de 128 células e quando estavam com a primeira folha definitiva completamente desenvolvida foram transplantadas aos vasos. Foram avaliados o rendilhamento da casca, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do fruto, o índice de formato do fruto, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do lóculo, o índice de formato do lóculo, a espessura do mesocarpo, a massa média dos frutos e a produção por planta. Não houve interação entre os fatores estudados. Nas condições deste experimento, a condução de dois frutos por planta resultou em maior rendilhamento da casca, maior diâmetro transversal do fruto, maior diâmetro longitudinal do lóculo e maior massa média dos frutos. Porém, as maiores produções por planta foram observadas quando conduzidas com três frutos. Os híbridos Fantasy e Shinju 200 apresentaram as melhores características de frutos e maiores produções.

Formas de preparo de figo-da-índia minimamente processado

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of methods of preparation in postharvest conservation of minimally processed products of cactus pear fruits. Ripe cactus pear fruits orange-fleshed, from a commercial orchard in the region of Valinhos, SP, Brazil, were used. After selection, the fruits were washed and the surface sanitized with a solution of dichloro s. triazinatriona sodium dihydrate (Sumaveg (R)) 200 mg 100g(-1) of free chlorine for 5 minutes. Fruits were then stored at 12 degrees C for 12 hours before processing. The first process was the removal of the shell and ends. Then, the fruits were cut longitudinally into two halves, peeled and sliced in 2 cm thick cross-sections. The whole fruit, halves and slices were packaged in polyethylene terephthalate containers (Neoforma (R) N-94). These units were stored at 3 degrees C for 16 days and analyses were performed every 4 days. The weight loss, the content of soluble solids (SS), the titratable acidity (TA), the ratio (SS / TA) and the ascorbic acid content were evaluated and the sensory analysis of products was performed. Whole fruits were preferred concerning the purchase intent and showed better results regarding the content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids / titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content. The highest weight loss was observed in slices.

Análise espacial da distribuição longitudinal de sementes de milho em uma semeadora-adubadora de precisão

In the operation of sowing with planter numerous factors interfere with the establishment of the plant stand, among them, the longitudinal distribution of seeds depending on the displacement speed can significantly affect crop productivity.The present study aimed the evaluation of longitudinal distribution of maize seeds in two different speeds of dislocation of a precision grain drill, through classical and geostatistics. A regular grid sample, totalizing 100 points in each area, was built with 10-meter distance among the points. Each sample point comprised 3.6m(2) (1.8 x 2.0) where the percentage of acceptable, double and fail spacing among the plants was measured after sowing at 4.58 and 5.94 km h(-1) speed of dislocation. Classical and geostatistics were used for data analyses. The percentage of acceptable and failed spacing has shown significant difference between 4.58 and 5.94 km h(-1) speed. The results has shown absence of spatial dependence regarding the percentage of the studied spacing (acceptable, fail and double) at both speeds, showing that studies and statistical inferences can occur based on parameters of classical statistics for distances higher than the shortest one used in the sampling.

Distribuição longitudinal e germinação de sementes de milho com emprego de tratamento fitossanitário e grafite

Teve-se o objetivo de avaliar as formas de se misturar o lubrificante sólido grafite nas sementes de milho, as dosagens e a influência desse na distribuição longitudinal e na germinação, em sementes sem e com tratamento fitossanitário, em mecanismo dosador com disco perfurado horizontal. Os fatores analisados foram: distribuição longitudinal das sementes (espaçamentos falhos, múltiplos e aceitáveis) e a porcentagem de germinação aos 7 e aos 14 dias após a instalação no germinador. Concluiu-se que o tratamento fitossanitário aumentou os espaçamentos falhos e múltiplos e reduziu os espaçamentos aceitáveis. O emprego de grafite reduziu os espaçamentos falhos e múltiplos e elevou os espaçamentos aceitáveis. A melhor forma de mistura do grafite ocorreu na máquina de tratamento fitossanitário de sementes. A distribuição longitudinal alcançou seu ponto ótimo com a dosagem de grafite de 3,37 g kg-1 de semente. As variáveis tratamento fitossanitário, mecanismo dosador e grafite não influíram na germinação das sementes de milho.

Preparo de amostras e métodos para a determinação do teor de óleo essencial de frutos de limoeiro

Objetivou-se avaliar alternativas de preparo da amostra e os métodos quantitativos para a determinação do teor de óleo em frutos de limão. Os tratamentos foram avaliados por meio do delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2x6, com quatro repetições, sendo duas variedades-copa de limoeiro verdadeiro ('Siciliano' e 'Eureka'), dois métodos analíticos para a determinação do teor de óleo (Scott e Clevenger) e seis formas de preparo dos frutos para análise (análise do fruto inteiro; frutos cortados na longitudinal e análise de ¼; frutos cortados na longitudinal e análise de ¹/2; frutos cortados ao meio e análise da parte superior; frutos cortados ao meio e análise da parte inferior; e análise de ²/8 do fruto). O método denominado de Clevenger foi o mais eficiente na determinação do teor de óleo essencial, e as formas de preparo de amostras ½ inferior, ½ superior, ¼ longitudinal e ½ longitudinal dos frutos proporcionaram valores superiores de óleo essencial.

Produção de forragem verde em sistema hidropônico usando esgoto tratado

In the urban areas of the cities a larger problem of destiny of effluents of the treatment stations is verified due to the junction of the sewages in great volumes. This way the hidroponic cultive becomes important, for your intensive characteristic, as alternative of reuse. This work presents as objective the improvement of the relation hidric-nutritious of the hidroponic cultive of green forage (FVH) using treaty sewage. The production of forage was with corn (Zea mays L.), using double hybrid AG1051, in the experimental field of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), in the city of Natal-RN-Brazil. The treated effluent essentially domestic had origin of anaerobic reactor, type decant-digester of two cameras in series followed by anaerobic filters drowned. The hidroponic experimental system was composed of 08 stonemasons, with limited contours for masonry of drained ceramic brick, measuring each one 2,5 meters in length for 1,0 meter of width, with inclination of 4% (m/m) in the longitudinal sense, leveled carefully, in way to not to allow preferential roads in the flow. These dimensions, the useful area of Isow was of 2 square meters. The stonemasons of cultive were waterproof (found and lateral) with plastic canvas of 200 micres of thickness, in the white color. Controlled the entrance and exit of the effluente in the stonemasons, with cycles of 12,68 minutes, it being water of 1,18 minutes. The treatments were constituted of: T1 - 24 hours/day under it waters with flow of 2 L/min; T2 - 12 hours/day under waters with flow of 4 L/min; T3 - 12 hours/day under waters with flow of 2 L/min; and T4 - 16 hours/day under waters with flow of 3 L/min. There were evaluations of the evapotranspirometric demand, of hidroponic system affluent and effluent seeking to characterize and to monitor physical-chemical parameters as: pH, temperature, Electric Conductivity and Fecal Coliforms. This last one was analyzed to the 11 days after isow (DAS) and to the 14 DAS. The others were analyzed daily. I sow it was accomplished in the dates of February 21, 2007, first experiment, and April 10, 2007, second experiment. The density of Isow was of 2 kg of seeds, germinated before 48 hours, for square meter of stonemason. The statistic delineament was it casual entirely with two repetitions, in two experiments. It was applied Tukey test of average to five percent of probability. The cultivation cycle was of 14 DAS with evapotranspirometric demand maximum, reached by T1, of 67,44 mm/day. The analyzed parameters, as mass of green matter - Kg, productivity-Kg/m2 and reason of production of seed FVH/Kg used in Isow, the best result was presented by T1, obtaining value of up to 19,01 Kg/m2 of cultive. Without significant difference, the T4 presented greats values with 16 hours under cycle of water. The Treatments 2 and 3 with 12 hours under cycle of water, they obtained inferior results to the other Treatments. As treatment system, came efficient in the reduction of the salinity. T1 obtained reduction medium maxim of 62,5%, to the 7 DAS, in the amount of salts that enter in the system in they are absorbed in the cultivation. The cultivation FVH acted reducing the microbiologic load. Significant percentile of reduction they were reached, with up to 90,23% of reduction of Units of Colonies (UFC), constituting, like this, the Hidroponic System as good alternative of treatment of effluents of Reactors of high Efficiency

Longitudinal study of daily variation of rats' behavior in the elevated plus-maze

We conducted a longitudinal study about daily variation of Wistar male rats' behavior in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) evaluated in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 18th months of life. Animals were submitted to the plus-maze in 12 sessions at 2-h intervals (n=72, 6 per time point). Spontaneous rest-activity rhythm of four animals was assessed by observation of 24-h videotape records. Time series were analyzed by Cosinor method. Behavioral rates on the six occasions and in light and dark phases were compared by means of two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Exploratory behavior in EPM was smaller in the light phase and in older animals. Higher values of open and closed arms exploration were observed in the first and third months of the dark phase, and in the first month of the light phase. Adjustment to the 24-h period was significant at all stages for rest-activity data, number of entries in closed arms, and time on center, and for three to five stages for open-arm exploration. In general, 24 h variability was more pronounced in younger animals compared with older ones. The present study showed that: (1) a significant amount of total variability of the behavioral indexes analyzed could be attributed to 24 h variation, (2) light/dark phases differences in EPM exploration were present at all developmental stages, (3) older Wistar rats explored less the EPM and were less active in their home cage compared with younger ones, and (4) behavioral indexes (EPM) decrease was phase related and partially related to a reorganization of rest-activity rhythm. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Longitudinal distribution and seasonality of macroalgae in a subtropical stream impacted by organic pollution

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Indicativos de problemas de comportamento e de habilidades sociais em crianças: um estudo longitudinal

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de crianças indicadas por suas professoras na Educação Infantil (EI) como apresentando problemas de comportamento (Grupo IPC) ou comportamentos socialmente habilidosos (Grupo ICSH), em dois momentos: quando tinham cinco anos e quando tinham 10 anos. Participaram 48 professoras de 62 crianças de ambos os sexos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas para Professores e Escala Comportamental Infantil B. Os resultados indicaram diminuição dos problemas de comportamento e aumento dos comportamentos socialmente adequados no grupo IPC; os grupos eram bastante diferentes na primeira avaliação, quando na EI, mas as mudanças se atenuaram no ensino fundamental. em ambas as avaliações, as crianças do Grupo ICSH foram avaliadas como mais habilidosas.

Avaliação longitudinal do impacto da saúde bucal na estratégia saúde da família em Natal

As a result of the financial incentive provided by the GM / MS 1.444, since 2000, Brazil has experienced a substantial increase in the number of oral health services at the Family Health Strategy. There is, however, evidence that these teams have produced qualitatively different experiences which do not translate necessarily into improved quality of life and health. Thus, evaluative research of great importance. This study aims to assess the impact of the Family Health Strategy in oral health in a longitudinal perspective natalense the years 2006 and 2009. This is an intervention study whose design is a community trial in parallel, nearly randomized. The sample consisted of census tracts covered by oral health teams in the Family Health and the Traditional Model (Basic Health Units and non-FHS Program of Community Health Agents and areas not covered.) The sample was determined by drawing ten census tracts to form the experimental group and ten other sectors for the control group by pairing intentional based on socio-economic and geographic. To check the net effect of the intervention was performed multivariate analysis by Poisson regression. As a result of cross-sectional analysis of year 2009, it was found that the effects of the ESF in Natal were satisfactory only for the variables of injuries and for other purposes without and with negative impact on stock coverage reclaimers. However, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the ESB / ESF improved their performance in dealing with grievances, access and coverage of the type of actions and this fact is independent of age, sex and social and economic conditions. In other employees' words are related to the presence of the Family Health Strategy in the region. However it does not say that both models under study (the Family Health Strategy Model and Traditional) are different in terms of performance and it is pertinent to reflect on the need for further development of evaluation studies that use other approaches able to clarify the dynamics of the process whose results can come to the knowledge of the actors responsible for leading the ESF and encourage them to incorporate the assessment in their routine

Avaliação clínica longitudinal do periodonto de dentes pilares e não pilares de próteses parciais removíveis

The literature has shown a relation between periodontics and the removable partial denture (RPD), with progressive destruction observed in the support structures. The aim of this study was to clinically assess periodontal condition in users of removal partial denture (RPD), and compare right abutments teeth, indirect abutments and controls before installation and after 1 year, in addition to comparing tooth-supported and tooth mucosa-supported abutments. A total of 50 patients, 32 women and 18 men, mean age of 45 years, took part in the study. The patients were examined by a single examiner at prosthesis installation and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The following were verified at each examination: Probe Depth (PD), Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), the amount of Keratinized Mucosa (KM), Gingival Recession (GR) and Dental Mobility (DM); in addition patients received oral hygiene orientation, accompanied by prophylaxis, periodontal scaling and root planing (PSRP), when necessary. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer post test was used to assess the dependent variables (PD, PI, KM, GR) of the three groups over time while Friedman s test was used for GI. To assess the outcomes of prosthesis type in the right abutment group, a confidence interval-based analysis was performed. The results showed that the control group was the least compromised in all the variables studied. With respect to development of the groups over time, it was verified that the measures for GR, PD, GI and KM increased from initial examination to 1 year of use in all the groups, but only PI showed a significant increase. There was a non-discriminatory low prevalence of dental mobility. The tooth mucosa-supported prosthesis had significantly higher values for GR, GI and PI and significantly lower ones for KM when compared to tooth-supported. Over time, both types of prostheses showed no significant differences from initial to final examination for the variables GR, PD, KM and GI, with PI significant only for tooth-supported. The results showed that the teeth most involved in RPD design had greater potential of periodontal damage, probably because of greater dental biofilm accumulation. Abutments elements adjacent to the free extremities had less favorable periodontal condition than those adjacent to interpolated spaces, but the use of RPD did not worsen the initial condition

Efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico sobre o crescimento longitudinal do fêmur e da tíbia em ratos

Objectives: To determine the effects of ultrasound therapy on the femur and tibia growth in young rats. Method: Four-week-old male Ratus Norvegicus totaling 115 animals, divided into four groups, were submitted to ultrasound therapy (0.8 MHz, fixed tube head, continuous pulse, for 10 minutes, once a day, ten times) on the medial face of the right knee, with powers of 0.0 W/cm2 (group 31), 0.5 W/cm2 (group G2), 1.0 W/cm2 (group G3), and 1.5 W/cm2 (group G4). Histological slides of the epiphysis, growth plate and metaphysis and the femoral and tibial length measurements were studied in the sixth, thirteenth and twenty-sixth weeks of life. The data were submitted to factorial analysis of variance according to a one-way layout. Results: No statistically significant bone growth alteration was established between any of the three treated groups and the control group. However, alterations in femoral and tibial growth suggesting a decrease in G4 in relation to 02 and G3 were noted. In G4, histopathological alterations, such as cellular necrosis and post-necrosis bone neoformation were found. Conclusion: According to this study, no statistical evidence of bone growth stimulus or inhibition resulting from the application of ultrasound therapy was found when comparing the treated groups with the control group. Histological alterations regarded as pathological were only observed in G4. Also, smaller significant bone growth was found in G4 compared to G2 and G3. Level of Evidence: Level II, cross-sectional study.

O exercício físico potencializa ou compromete o crescimento longitudinal de crianças e adolescentes? Mito ou verdade?

A sociedade atual tem valorizado de forma significativa a aparência alta e esbelta. Essa constituição física tem sido reforçada desde a infância e atinge a população adolescente, que deseja enquadrar-se nos estereótipos, particularmente aqueles veiculados pela mídia. Nesse sentido, profissionais de saúde são questionados rotineiramente sobre os efeitos positivos que o exercício físico exerce sobre o crescimento longitudinal de crianças e adolescentes. Procurou-se revisar a literatura especializada a respeito dos principais efeitos que o exercício físico exerceria sobre a secreção e atuação do hormônio de crescimento (GH) nos diversos tecidos corporais, durante a infância e adolescência. Através dessa revisão, foi possível verificar que o exercício físico induz a estimulação do eixo GH/IGF-1. Embora muito se especule quanto ao crescimento ósseo ser potencializado pela prática de exercícios físicos, não foram encontrados na literatura científica específica estudos bem desenvolvidos que forneçam sustentação a essa afirmação. No tocante aos efeitos adversos advindos do treinamento físico durante a infância e adolescência, aparentemente, esses foram independentes do tipo de esporte praticado, porém resultantes da intensidade do treinamento. A alta intensidade do treinamento parece ocasionar uma modulação metabólica importante, com a elevação de marcadores inflamatórios e a supressão do eixo GH/IGF-1. Entretanto, é importante ressaltar que a própria seleção esportiva, em algumas modalidades, recruta crianças e/ou adolescentes com perfis de menor estatura, como estratégia para obtenção de melhores resultados, em função da facilidade mecânica dos movimentos. Através dessa revisão, fica evidente a necessidade de realização de estudos longitudinais, nos quais os sujeitos sejam acompanhados antes, durante e após sua inserção nas atividades esportivas, com determinação do volume e da intensidade dos treinamentos, para que conclusões definitivas relativas aos efeitos sobre a estatura final possam ser emanadas.

Estudo Longitudinal, Bioquímico e Histoquímico, de Placentas de Ratas Diabéticas: Relação com a Macrossomia e o Retardo de Crescimento Intra-uterino

Objetivo: o estudo longitudinal, entre o 18º e o 21º dias de prenhez, das alterações bioquímicas e histoquímicas das placentas de ratas diabéticas, cujos fetos tiveram macrossomia e retardo de crescimento intra-uterino (CIUR). Material e Método: usando modelo experimental em ratas, foram estudados 3 grupos: controle, diabete moderado e grave. A prenhez foi resolvida por cesárea no 18º ou no 21º dia. Compararam-se as glicemias materna e fetal; a incidência de recém-nascidos (RN) de peso pequeno (PIP), adequado (AIP) e grande (GIP) para tempo de prenhez; peso, índice e conteúdo de DNA, RNA e proteínas placentários e quantidade de glicogênio na superfície de trocas materno-fetais. Resultados: no diabete moderado houve maior proporção de RN-GIP com placentas ricas em DNA e diminuição progressiva de glicogênio em suas membranas no final da prenhez. No diabete grave houve predomínio de RN-GIP e as placentas exibiram menor conteúdo de DNA, síntese aumentada de RNA e tendência a maior produção protéica, com manutenção dos depósitos de glicogênio. Conclusões: concluiu-se que, entre o 18º e o 21º dias, os desvios do crescimento fetal no diabete materno, moderado e grave relacionam-se a alterações placentárias distintas. No moderado há apenas hiperplasia celular, com desaparecimento do glicogênio no final da prenhez. No grave, a superfície de trocas materno-fetais é mais espessada e, além de hiperplasia, há hipertrofia das células, com manutenção dos estoques placentários de glicogênio.