Effect of Nd on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of die-cast Mg-4Al-based alloy

Die-cast Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xNd(x = 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 wt.%) magnesium alloys were prepared successfully and influences of Nd on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the Mg-4Al-0.4Mn alloy have been investigated. The results showed that with the addition of Nd binary Al2Nd phase and Al11Nd3 phase. which mainly aggregated along the grain boundaries, were formed, and the relative ratio of above two phases was in correlation with the Nd content in the alloy. Meanwhile, the grain sizes were greatly reduced with the increasing Nd content. It was found that due to the addition of Nd both the tensile properties and corrosion resistance were improved substantially.

Structure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Gd based alloy sheet

The Mg-8Gd-2Y-1Nd-0.3Zn-0.6Zr (wt.%) alloy sheet was prepared by hot extrusion technique, and the structure and mechanical properties of the extruded alloy were investigated. The results show that the alloy in different states is mainly composed of alpha-Mg solid solution and secondary phases of Mg5RE and Mg24RE5 (RE = Gd, Y and Nd). At aging temperatures from 200 degrees C to 300 degrees C the alloy exhibits obvious age-hardening response. Great improvement of mechanical properties is observed in the peak-aged state alloy (aged at 200 degrees C for 60 h), the ultimate tensile strength (sigma(b)), tensile yield strength (sigma(0.2)) and elongation (epsilon) are 376 MPa, 270 MPa and 14.2% at room temperature (RT), and 206 MPa. 153 MPa and 25.4% at 300 degrees C, respectively, the alloy exhibits high thermal stability.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-4Al-4Nd-0.5Zn-0.3Mn alloy

Mg-4Al-4Nd-0.5Zn-0.3Mn alloy was prepared by metal mould casting method. Microstructure, aging behavior, mechanical properties and fracture morphology of the alloy were investigated. The results showed that alpha-Mg, Al-11 Nd-3, Al2Nd and Mg-32(Al,Zn)(49) phases were the main phases of the as-cast alloy. And the long rod-like Al-11 Nd-3 phase was decomposed to granular Al2Nd through T6 heat treatment. The tensile strength was also enhanced by T6 treatment. The yield strength was increased by 17% and 21% at RT and 150 degrees C, respectively. It was mainly because that the precipitates were refined through T6 treatment and this became more benefit to hinder dislocations slipping.

Preparation and characterization of As-cast and hot-rolled Mg-3Al-0.5Mn-0.5Zn-1MM alloy

Mg-3Al-0.5Mn-0.5Zn-1MM alloy was prepared by metal mould casting method. The as-cast ingot was homogenized and then hot-rolled at 673 K with total thickness reduction of 65%. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast and hot-rolled samples were investigated. The results showed that the as-cast sample mainly consisted of alpha-Mg, beta-Mg17Al12, Al10Ce2Mn7, and Al11RE3 (RE = La and Ce) phases. The average grain size of the sample homogenized at 673 K was about 240 gm, and it was greatly refined to about 7 mu m by dynamic recrystallization for the hot-rolled sample.

Synthesis of N-Methylimidazolium Functionalized Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins for Adsorption of Cr(VI)

N-Methylimidazolium functionalized strongly basic anion exchange resins in the Cl- form (RCI) and SO46- form (R2SO4) were synthesized and employed for adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. FT-IR and elementary analysis proved the structures of anion exchange resins and the content of functional groups. The gel-type strongly basic anion exchange resins had high thermal stability according to TGA and good chemical stability under the experimental conditions. The adsorption behaviors of Cr(VI) on RCI and R2SO4 were studied using the batch technique. It was shown that adsorption equilibrium was reached rapidly within 60 min. The adsorption data for RCI and R2SO4 were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm equation.

Electrolytic Deposition and Diffusion of Lithium onto Magnesium-9 Wt Pct Yttrium Bulk Alloy in Low-Temperature Molten Salt of Lithium Chloride and Potassium Chloride

The electrolytic deposition and diffusion of lithium onto bulk magnesium-9 wt pct yttrium alloy cathode in molten salt of 47 wt pct lithium chloride and 53 wt pct potassium chloride at 693 K were investigated. Results show that magnesium-yttrium-lithium ternary alloys are formed on the surface of the cathodes, and a penetration depth of 642 mu m is acquired after 2 hours of electrolysis at the cathodic current density of 0.06 A center dot cm(-2). The diffusion of lithium results in a great amount of precipitates in the lithium containing layer. These precipitates are the compound of Mg41Y5, which arrange along the grain boundaries and hinder the diffusion of lithium, and solid solution of yttrium in magnesium. The grain boundaries and the twins of the magnesium-9 wt pct yttrium substrate also have negative effects on the diffusion of lithium.

Large-Scale and Template-Free Growth of Free-Standing Single-Crystalline Dendritic Ag/Pd Alloy Nanostructure Arrays

Large-scale arrays consist of dendritic single-crystalline Ag/Pd alloy nanostructures are synthesized for the first time. A simple galvanic replacement reaction is introduced to grow these arrays directly on Ag substrates. The morphology of the products strongly depended on the reaction temperature and the concentration of H2PdCl4 solution. The mechanism of the formation of alloy and the dendritic morphology has been discussed. These alloy arrays exhibit high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity and may have potential applications in investigation of "in situ" Pd catalytic reactions using SERS. Moreover, electrocatalytic measurements suggest that the obtained dendritic Ag/Pd alloy nanostructures exhibit electrocatytic activity toward the oxidation of formic acid.

Removal of Cr(III, VI) by quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonium ionic liquids functionalized silica materials

A series of silica-based organic–inorganic hybrid materials were prepared by the sol–gel process for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption. These silica materials generally had high surface areas, good physical–chemical stability and high thermal stability. Trialkylmethylammonium bis 2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinate ([A336][C272]) and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis 2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) were explored as porogens to prepare porous silica and as extractants to extract chromium ions. Cyphos IL 104 and [A336][C272] functionalized silica sorbents (SG-2, SG-5) can be effectively used for the removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by adjusting pH values, whereas trialkylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) functionalized silica sorbents (SG-3, SG-4) can only be used for the removal of the single chromium species, Cr(VI) or Cr(III).

Structure stability and strengthening mechanism of die-cast Mg-Gd-Dy based alloy

Mg-8Gd-1Dy-0.3Zn (wt.%) alloy was prepared by high-pressure die-casting technique. The thermal stability, mechanical properties at temperature range from room temperature to 573 K and strengthening mechanism was investigated. The results showed that the die-cast state alloy was mainly composed of fine cellular equiaxed grain. The fine porosity-free skin region was related to the aggregation of rare earth elements. The long lamellar-shaped stacking compound containing Zn and polygon-shaped precipitate were observed along the grain boundaries. The die-cast sample exhibited high mechanical properties and good thermal stability until 523 K.

Direct synthesis of ordered N-methylimidazolium functionalized mesoporous silica as highly efficient anion exchanger of Cr(VI)

Ordered N-methylimidazolium functionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-15) anion exchangers were directly synthesized by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane with 1-methyl-3(triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium chloride. The prepared samples with rod-like morphology showed high surface areas (> 400 m(2) g(-1)), well-ordered pores (> 58 angstrom), and excellent thermal stability up to 387 degrees C. The adsorption behaviors of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution on the anion exchangers were studied using the batch method. The anion exchangers had high adsorption capacity ranging from 50.8 to 90.5 mg g(-1), over a wider pH range (1-8) than amino functionalized mesoporous silica. The adsorption rate was fast, and the maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 4.6. The adsorption data for the anion exchangers were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm equation. Most active sites of the anion exchangers were easily accessible. The mixed solution of 0.1 mol L-1 NH3 center dot H2O and 0.5 mol L-1 NH4Cl was effective desorption solution, and 95% of Cr(VI) could be desorbed.

Precipitates formed in a Mg-7Y-4Gd-0.5Zn-0.4Zr alloy during isothermal ageing at 250 degrees C

The ageing behavior of an extruded Mg-7Y-4Gd-0.5Zn-0.4Zr alloy during ageing at 250 degrees C has been investigated. Two types of phases have been observed during the ageing process. One is a lamellar phase with a 14H long periodic stacking structure, the other is the beta' phase with an ellipsoidal morphology. The increased mechanical properties of the peak-aged alloy are mainly ascribed to the presence of both of these phases at peak hardness.

Effect of yttrium-rich misch metal on the microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91 alloy

Die cast AZ91-xYmm (x = 0-0.8 wt.%) magnesium alloys with excellent tensile properties and corrosion resistance behavior were successfully prepared by a simple addition of yttrium-rich misch metal (Ymm) to AZ91. Influences of Ymm on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AZ91 were investigated. The results showed that addition of Ymm to die cast AZ91 alloy could re. ne the microstructure including primary alpha-Mg and eutectic beta-Mg17Al12. When the content of Ymm reached 0.8 wt.% a small quantity of Al2Y phase would form. The tensile properties were improved greatly with addition of Ymm to AZ91. The creep rate of the AZ91-Ymm alloys, tested at 150 degrees C/50MPa, was one order of magnitude lower than that of AZ91. When addition of Ymm was more than 0.3 wt.%, the salt-spray corrosion resistance of AZ91-Ymm alloys could be 30-40 times of that of AZ91. The improvement of corrosion resistance with addition of Ymm was confirmed by the results of electrochemical polarization experiments. Mechanism of the improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior caused by Ymm was also discussed.

Influence of Zn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-5Y-4Gd-0.4Zr alloy

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Y-4Gd-xZn-0.4Zr alloys have been investigated. These results show that the Mg-5Y-4Gd-0.5Zn-0.4Zr alloy in the peak-aged condition exhibits the highest tensile strength, and the values of the ultimate tensile strength and yield tensile strength are 370 and 300 MPa, respectively. It is suggested that addition of 0.5% Zn has a great effect on age hardening response. The long periodic stacking structure has been found in these Zn-containing alloys, and the volume fraction of this phase increases with increasing Zn addition. This phase plays an important role in improvement of the mechanical properties, especially for the elongations. The beta' phase precipitates during the ageing process are responsible for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloys in the peak-aged condition.

Hydrogen absorption in Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 amorphous and quasicrystalline alloy powders

Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 amorphous and icosahedral quasicrystal line (I-phase) powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and subsequent annealing, the phase structure and hydrogen absorption properties of two powders were investigated. XRD analysis indicated that the MAed powder was an amorphous phase and annealed powder was an I-phase. Two alloy exhibited excellent hydrogen adsorption property and started to absorb hydrogen without induction time. PCT measurement showed that the plateau pressure of the amorphous powders was obviously higher than that of the I-phase powders. After the first hydrogen cycling, the partial amorphous phase changed to (Zr, Ti)H-2 phases, and the I-phase was steady. Similar hydride phases Ti2ZrH4 and (Zr, Ti)H-2 were also formed after the second hydrogen cycling for the amorphous and I-phase alloy powders.

Preparation and transport properties of a bulk icosahedral quasicrystalline Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 alloy

A bulk alloy which consists of the single icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (I-phase) in Ti45Zr35Ni17CU3 alloy has been fabricated by mechanical alloying and subsequent pulse discharge sintering technique. Crystallographic structure analyses show that the bulk alloy is an I-phase. The transport properties of the bulk alloy are examined, and the results show that the room-temperature thermal conductivity is 5.347 W K-(1) m(-1), and the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing the temperature from 300 to 450K. The Seebeck coefficient is negative at the temperature range from 300 to 360K, and changes to positive from 370 to 450K. Hall effect measurements indicate the bulk I-phase alloy has a high carrier concentration. The specific heat capacity increases when the temperature increases from 280 to 324 K.