Cuerpos para armar. Un recorrido por las representaciones de la maternidad en los lenguajes artísticos en la segunda mitad del siglo XX en la Argentina

El siguiente trabajo a presentar forma parte de un proyecto de investigación orientado a rastrear las representaciones de maternidad en los lenguajes artísticos en la segunda mitad del siglo XX en la Argentina. En este caso hemos elegido el cine y en especial dos films* del mismo guión realizadas en diferentes décadas con el propósito de rastrear las rupturas o continuidades en las conceptualizaciones de género. Como sabemos las representaciones genéricas se basan en muchos elementos, pero sin duda, el sexo (el cuerpo) se ha constituido en receptor de los códigos sociales, de las jerarquías y desigualdades. Y en este caso en particular nos preguntamos por el cuerpo femenino a través del elevamiento social que dio lugar en nuestra cultura occidental a la maternidad. Nuestra intención es despegarnos de los tradicionales análisis que entendían al cine como una copia fiel de la realidad social. Por el contrario, planteamos esta relación, entre el arte cinematográfico (referido a la teoría y metodología de este tipo de arte y su género) y su contexto de producción como inestable, fluída, llena de préstamos y resignificaciones. * Las películas serían: "Los chicos crecen" una primera versión realizada en el año 1942 dirigida por Carlos H. Christensen y una segunda versión del año 1976 dirigida en esta oportunidad por Enrique Carreras.

Cuerpos para armar. Un recorrido por las representaciones de la maternidad en los lenguajes artísticos en la segunda mitad del siglo XX en la Argentina

El siguiente trabajo a presentar forma parte de un proyecto de investigación orientado a rastrear las representaciones de maternidad en los lenguajes artísticos en la segunda mitad del siglo XX en la Argentina. En este caso hemos elegido el cine y en especial dos films* del mismo guión realizadas en diferentes décadas con el propósito de rastrear las rupturas o continuidades en las conceptualizaciones de género. Como sabemos las representaciones genéricas se basan en muchos elementos, pero sin duda, el sexo (el cuerpo) se ha constituido en receptor de los códigos sociales, de las jerarquías y desigualdades. Y en este caso en particular nos preguntamos por el cuerpo femenino a través del elevamiento social que dio lugar en nuestra cultura occidental a la maternidad. Nuestra intención es despegarnos de los tradicionales análisis que entendían al cine como una copia fiel de la realidad social. Por el contrario, planteamos esta relación, entre el arte cinematográfico (referido a la teoría y metodología de este tipo de arte y su género) y su contexto de producción como inestable, fluída, llena de préstamos y resignificaciones. * Las películas serían: "Los chicos crecen" una primera versión realizada en el año 1942 dirigida por Carlos H. Christensen y una segunda versión del año 1976 dirigida en esta oportunidad por Enrique Carreras.

Un proyecto regional de investigación en torno a las bibliotecas escolares latinoamericanas : La experiencia argentina (ME/ OEI)

La presentación pretende dar cuenta del proceso de desarrollo de la investigación 'Estudio sobre las bibliotecas escolares argentinas 2008/2009' que fuera parte de un proyecto regional coordinado por OEI/España junto a equipos de Brasil, Chile y Méjico, con el objetivo de evaluar la situación de las bibliotecas escolares en dichos países. Se intenta delinear el proceso conjunto de construcción de un modelo de evaluación para las bibliotecas escolares basado en el reconocimiento de las voces de los distintos actores educativos que confluyen en una biblioteca (directivos, responsables de biblioteca, docentes y alumnos de primaria y secundaria). Para llevarlo adelante se consensuaron dimensiones comunes y en cada una de ellas, indicadores válidos que cada país luego adaptó a las particularidades de su sistema educativo para la estrategia cuantitativa desarrollada a través de encuestas, mientras que la estrategia cualitativa tuvo un alcance diverso en cada país, de acuerdo a sus posibilidades. Asimismo, se describe el estudio argentino desde su propuesta metodológica y se presenta brevemente una herramienta de evaluación, diseñada para el análisis integrado de los datos, que dimos en llamar Indicadores resumen. Estos constituyen una propuesta exploratoria para la elaboración de ciertos supuestos hipotéticos en torno al funcionamiento de las bibliotecas escolares que permite la síntesis de ciertos rasgos que aparecen en los indicadores comunes.

Prácticas defensivas, conflictos y autoridades en la frontera bonaerense.Los pagos de Magdalena y Pergamino (1752-1780)

Este trabajo ahonda en el funcionamiento de la frontera bonaerense a partir del análisis de distintas Comandancias de Fronteras, principalmente las ubicadas en los pagos de Pergamino al norte y Magdalena al sur de la jurisdicción, haciendo hincapié en la articulación generada entre las fuerzas militares regulares y los cuerpos milicianos para llevar a cabo la práctica defensiva. El recorte temporal (1752-1780) contempla desde la puesta en funcionamiento de las Comandancias hasta las reformas defensivas efectuadas por el Virrey Vértiz, que trastocaron algunos rasgos básicos de nuestro objeto de estudio. Nos interesa conocer la formación de tal frontera, las prácticas concretas que le daban vida, los sujetos sociales que emergieron en este proceso y los conflictos que protagonizaron. Seguimos las trayectorias de los Sargentos Mayores de Milicias -en especial, Diego Trillo en Pergamino y Clemente López Osornio en Magdalena- como ejemplos de una forma de autoridad local resultante de la legitimidad que proveía el ejercicio de la "defensa".

Thermodynamics of zinc insertion in CuGaS2:Ti, used as a modulator agent in an intermediate-band photovoltaic material

An intermediate-bandphotovoltaicmaterial, which has an isolated metallic band located between the top of the valence band and bottom of the conduction band of some semiconductors, has been proposed as third generation solar cell to be used in photovoltaic applications. Density functional theory calculations of Zn in CuGaS2:Ti have previously shown that, the intermediate-band position can be modulated in proportion of Zn insertion in such a way that increasing Zn concentration can lead to aband-gap reduction, and an adjustment of the intermediate-band position. This could be interesting in the formation of an intermediate-bandmaterial, that has the maximum efficiency theoretically predicted for the intermediate-band solar cell. In this work, the energetics of several reaction schemes that could lead to the decomposition of the modulated intermediate-bandphotovoltaicmaterial, CuGaS2:Ti:Zn, is studied in order to assess the thermodynamic stability of this material. Calculations of the total free energy and disorder entropy have been taken into account, to get the reaction energy and free energy of the compound decomposition, which is found to be thermodynamically favorable

Evaluación del desarrollo de las tecnologías de almacenamiento de CO2

El dióxido de carbono (CO2 ) es un gas de efecto invernadero que se encuentra naturalmente en la atmósfera. Las actividades antropogénicas, especialmente las derivadas de la generación eléctrica a partir de combustibles fósiles, están causando que la concentración de este gas aumente significativamente en la atmósfera. Esta situación contribuye al conocido y mundialmente aceptado cambio climático. Dentro de las posibilidades que se barajan para reducir las emisiones a la atmósfera de gases de efecto invernadero destaca el desarrollo de las tecnologías de captura y almacenamiento de CO2 (CAC), las cuales son aplicables principalmente a los grandes focos industriales, como las centrales térmicas, cementeras, refinerías, acerías, industrias cerámicas, etc. Estas tecnologías consisten en la separación del CO2 emitido por dichos focos emisores, para posteriormente comprimirlo y obtener así una corriente concentrada de CO2 , la cual sería susceptible de transportarse e inyectarse en un almacén geológico a una profundidad superior a 800 m para que alcanzara el estado supercrítico. Por lo tanto, el almacenamiento geológico profundo (AGP) de CO2 representa la última etapa de las tecnologías CAC. Aunque se tiene bastante experiencia en el campo de la inyección de CO2 como método para recuperar los yacimientos de petróleo y/o gas, ya agotados o en vías de agotamiento, el concepto de almacenamiento geológico de CO2 , como método de evitar las emisiones de este gas a la atmósfera y mitigar así el efecto invernadero, es relativamente reciente.

Diffuse Soil Co2 Flux To Assess The Reliability Of Co2 Storage In The Mazarrón-Gañuelas Tertiary Basin (Spain)

Geological storage of CO2 is nowadays internationally considered as the most effective method for greenhouse gas emission mitigation, in order to minimize its effects on the global climatology. One of the main options is to store the CO2 in deep saline aquifers at more than 800 m depth, because it achieves its supercritical state. Among the most important aspects concerning the performance assessment of a deep CO2 geological repository is the evaluation of the CO2 leakage rate from the chosen storage geological formation. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to increase the knowledge on the interaction among CO2, storage and sealing formations, as well as on the flow paths for CO2 and the physico-mechanical resistance of the sealing formation. Furthermore, the quantification of the CO2 leakage rate is essential to evaluate its effects on the environment. One way to achieve this objective is to study of CO2 leakage on natural analogue systems, because they can provide useful information about the natural performance of the CO2, which can be applied to an artificial CO2 geological storage. This work is focused on the retention capacity of the cap-rock by measuring the diffuse soil CO2 flux in a site selected based on: i) the presence of a natural and deep CO2 accumulation; ii) its structural geological characteristics; and iii) the nature of the cap-rocks. This site is located in the so-called Mazarrón-Gañuelas Tertiary Basin, in the Guadalentin Valley, province of Murcia (Spain) Therefore the main objective of this investigation has been to detect the possible leakages of CO2 from a deep saline aquifer to the surface in order to understand the capability of this area as a natural analogue for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). The results obtained allow to conclude that the geological sealing formation of the basin seems to be appropriate to avoid CO2 leakages from the storage formation.

Comparison of CO2 From Coal Capture Processes and Valorisation Technologies

Coal is the most plentiful and evenly distributed fossil fuel worldwide. Based on current production, it is estimated that the reserves will last approximately 130 years. Its use worldwide has been increasing, mainly due to consumption by emerging countries. CO2 emissions generated by combustion and the repercussions of such on climate change support the view that it could no longer be used. CO2 capture may be the solution to continue using it, which would cater for the growing energy demand worldwide. The aim of this study is to compare different processes concerning CO2 capture that may be economically viable, ultimately showing that coal, a fossil energy source widely distributed around the world, can, as a result of using different CO2 capture processes, be used as a clean source of electricity. Hence, in places where geological hurdles may render the costs of CO2 storage considerably higher, since it might have to travel far, coal may be used for other purposes, thus valorising CO2 within the industrial sector. This research is focused on the technical and economic comparison of the most relevant CO2 capture projects designed in Spain using different existing technologies. The oxyfuel project in Ciuden (Leon, Spain), the IGCC Elcogas, precombustion CO2-capture project (Puertollano, Spain) and the postcombustion project in Carboneras (Almeria, Spain) will be analyzed in order to assess the options available to valorise captured CO2. Valorising captured CO2 may be an adequate solution in areas where, although CO2 capture is still possible, storage is not equally so, thus generating a further benefit. The possible uses of CO2 will be assessed in vegetable growing greenhouses, harnessing CO2 in vegetable life cycles. This will also be used in growing algae for subsequent biodiesel production. Both CO2 capture and valorising will eventually lead to the clean use of coal, which will thus enhance the level of self-supply, aiding the development of electric vehicles, which require large amounts of electricity, as well as improve the level of energy autonomy in countries around the world. Another type of fuel, biodiesel, will also be obtained, without this affecting international food prices.

Assessment of Hydrogen as suistinable clean energy

The progressive depletion of fossil fuels and their high contribution to the energy supply in this modern society forces that will be soon replaced by renewable fuels. But the dispersion and alternation of renewable energy production also undertake to reduce their costs to use as energy storage and hydrogen carrier. It is necessary to develop technologies for hydrogen production from all renewable energy storage technologies and the development of energy production from hydrogen fuel cells and cogeneration and tri generation systems. In order to propel this technological development discussed where the hydrogen plays a key role as energy storage and renewable energy, the National Centre of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Experimentation in Spain equipped with installations that enable scientific and technological design, develop, verify, certify, approve, test, measure and, more importantly, the facility ensures continuous operation for 24 hours a day, 365 days year. At the same time, the system is scalable so as to allow continuous adaptation of new technologies are developed and incorporated into the assembly to verify integration at the same time it checks the validity of their development. The transformation sector can be said to be the heart of the system, because without neglecting the other sectors, this should prove the validity of hydrogen as a carrier - energy storage are important efforts that have to do to demonstrate the suitability of fuel cells or internal combustion systems to realize the energy stored in hydrogen at prices competitive with conventional systems. The multiple roles to meet the fuel cells under different conditions of operation require to cover their operating conditions, many different sizes and applications. The fourth area focuses on integration is an essential complement within the installation. We must integrate not only the electricity produced, but also hydrogen is used and the heat generated in the process of using hydrogen energy. The energy management in its three forms: hydrogen chemical, electrical and thermal integration requires complicated and require a logic and artificial intelligence extremes to ensure maximum energy efficiency at the same time optimum utilization is achieved. Verification of the development and approval in the entire production system and, ultimately, as a demonstrator set to facilitate the simultaneous evolution of production technology, storage and distribution of hydrogen fuel cells has been assessed.

Effects on the shallow aquifers by CO2 leakages in a tertiary basin (province of Murcia, Spain)

Geological storage of CO2 is nowadays internationally considered as the most effective method for greenhouse gas emission mitigation, in order to minimize its effects on the global climatology. One of the main options is to store CO2 in deep saline aquifers at more than 800m depth, because it reaches its supercritical state. Study of the CO2 natural accumulations as natural analogues of an artificial CO2 storage is very useful in order to understand the CO2 long term behaviour and thus to predict its possible impact on the surficial environment and life. Therefore the main objective of this work is to detect the affection of the CO2 leakages from a deep saline aquifer on the shallow aquifers, all of them located in the Gañuelas-Mazarrón Tertiary basin (Province of Murcia, Spain). This CO2 storage and leakage natural system can be analogous to an artificial CO2 storage with leakage phenomena. In order to reach these objectives, groundwaters from different aquifers in the site have been sampled and analysed for major elements, free and dissolved gases and stable isotopes, particularly ∂ 13 C and 3 He/ 4 He. The results obtained allow to conclude that this natural system is an interesting example of natural analogue for an artificial CO2 storage affected by leakage processes because the shallow fresh aquifers in the site are polluted by CO2 from the deep saline aquifer as a consequence of an intensive over-exploitation of these freshwater aquifers

Intermediate band materials for more efficient solar energy use: quantum modelling and experimental realizations

The intermediate band (IB) solar cell (Fig. 1) has been proposed [1] to increase photovoltaic efficiency by a factor above 1.5, based on the absorption of two sub-bandgap photons to promote an electron across the bandgap. To realize this principle, that can be applied also to obtain efficient photocatalysis with sunlight, we proposed in recent years several materials where a metal or heavy element, substituting for an electropositive atom in a known semiconductor that has an appropriate band gap width (around 2 eV), forms inside the gap the partially filled levels needed for this aim

Differences in fatty acid metabolisms in domestic animals: some dilemmas and ideas to address body composition and obesity control

Relatively high amounts of fats or oils (mayor que 40-50 g/kg diet) are frequently used in animal nutrition. Vegetables oils are richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids than animal fats. Most of the works studying the effect of different dietary fat sources are focused either on the existing differences on fat digestibility depending on their fatty acid composition (Wiseman et al., 1991) or on their effect on the carcass fat fatty acid profile (Sanz et al., 1999a). lnformation regarding the effect of dietary fat saturation on fat utilization and deposition it is more limited. lt is generally assumed that, apart from differences in digestion, fatty acids of different composition are equally used for metabolic purposes.

First principles study of Bi dopen CdTe thin film solar cells: electronic and optical properties

Nowadays, efficiency improvement of solar cells is one of the most important issues in photovoltaic systems and CdTe is one of the most promising thin film photovoltaic materials we can found. CdTe reported efficiencies in solar energy conversion have been as good as that found in polycrystalline Si thin film cell [1], besides CdTe can be easily produced at industrial scale.

Theoretical study of band alignment in nano-porous ZnO interacting with substituted Phthalocyanines

The aim of this work is the theoretical study of the band alignment between the two components of a hybrid organic-inorganic solar-cell. The working organic molecules are metal tetra-sulphonated phthalocyanines (M-Pc) and the inorganic material is nano-porous ZnO growth in the 001 direction. The theoretical calculations are being made using the density functional theory (DFT) using a GGA functional with the SIESTA code, which projects electron wave functions and density onto a real space grid and uses as basis set a linear combination of numerical, finite-range localized atomic orbitals. We also used the DFT+U method included in the code that allows a semi-empirical inclusion of electronic correlations in the description of electronic spectra for systems such as zinc oxide.