Qualidade de rosas de corte tratadas com produtos naturais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Procedimento MIXED do SAS® para análise de modelos mistos

O modelo misto consiste numa importante classe de modelos que tem sido tradicionalmente analisada por meio de procedimentos da análise de variância. Nos modelos mistos, três aspectos são fundamentais: estimação e testes de hipóteses dos efeitos fixos, predição dos efeitos aleatórios e estimação dos componentes de variância. Na análise de modelos lineares mistos desbalanceados, a estimação dos componentes de variância é de fundamental importância e depende da estrutura de covariâncias e dos métodos de estimação utilizados. Nesse contexto, este artigo pretende apresentar os principais métodos de estimação e de análise utilizados no estudo de modelos lineares mistos com estruturas gerais de covariâncias nos efeitos aleatórios, disponíveis no procedimento MIXED, do SAS (Statistical Analysis System).

Pragas e inimigos naturais na soja e no milho cultivados em sistemas diversificados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Processamento de cerâmicas reticuladas a partir de matérias-primas naturais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Matéria-prima da formação Corumbataí na região do pólo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes, SP, com características naturais para fabricação de argila expandida

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Educação Ambiental: referências teóricas no ensino superior

Este artigo trata dos pressupostos teóricos presentes na formação dos educadores ambientais nos cursos de graduação. Esses pressupostos definem um quadro teórico analisado a partir do referencial metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético. Esse quadro teórico pode ser organizado em concepções naturais, racionais e históricas da relação homem-natureza e da educação e suas análises sugerem princípios metodológicos de organização curricular nesses cursos.

Diversidade genética de populações naturais de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.] por RAPD

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura genética de populações de Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. com base em polimorfismos moleculares do tipo RAPD. Foram analisadas quatro populações naturais do estado de São Paulo (Jacareí, Jundiaí, Piquete e Ubatuba) e uma população do Paraná (Adrianópolis). Foram identificados 25 locos polimórficos (96,15%). Elevados índices de diversidade genética foram observados dentro das populações (Hs = 0,2220). Verificou-se que 65,33% da variabilidade genética total encontra-se dentro das populações e 34,67% entre as populações; índices estes, obtidos a partir do cálculo da divergência genética (G ST = 0,3467). Os resultados sugerem que essas populações possuem níveis elevados de variabilidade genética, a qual pode ser fortemente impactada pela ação humana.

A influência das condições termo-pluviométricas nos indicadores do comércio de Maringá, Estado do Paraná: um ensaio metodológico na perspectiva da valoração ambiental

This article analyzes the degree of thermopluviometric influence on certain indicators in the commerce of Maringa, state of Parana. To the end, climate elements, such as the temperature and prectipitation as well as certain economic indicators, namely: ICMS (taxes), SCPC, Video-Check, Consumption and Consumers of Electric Energy were studied. Graphical analyses along with statistical applications of correlation and regression were performed, as well as the examination of a case study. It is believed that the groups investigated showed variations in the forms of correlation. The results herein presented are in the manner of preliminary trial, representing a first attempt at measuring the actual relationship between the climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) with certain behavioural indicators of commerce in the city of Maringa.

Dinâmica espaço-temporal de taxocenoses de crisopídeos (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) em ecossistemas naturais

In order to study the interactions of green lacewings toxocenosis on natural ecossystems, samplings were carried out in the Parque Ecologic Quedas do Rio Bonito, located in Lavras, Alto Rio Grande region, South of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species inventory was accomplished in two vegetation types: semi-evergreen forest and open field formations, including areas of montane grassland, rocky montane grassland and "cerrado". Insects were captured with a butterfly net during 2h, walking through each vegetation formation. Sampling resulted in 1,948 specimens belonging to 30 species, of which 14 were Chrysopini and 16 Leucochrysini. Representatives of these tribes were observed both in forest and in open field formations. Species of the genera Ceraeochrysa, Chrysoperla, Chrysopodes, Plesiochrysa and Leucochrysa were found in forests and in open field formations, except for Plesiochrysa. The highest richness and diversity of species were observed in the forest. The similarity index among the communities of green lacewings in the studied areas was 27%.

Caracterização da fusão caruncular em gestações naturais e de conceptos bovinos clonados

Barreto R.S.N., Miglino M.A., Meirelles F.V., Visintin J.A., Silva S.M., Burioli K.C., Fonseca R., Bertan C., Assis Neto A.C. & Pereira F.T.V. 2009. [Characterization of the caruncular fusion in gestations of natural and cloned bovine conceptuses.] Caracterizacao da fusao caruncular ern gestacoes naturais e de conceptos bovinos clonados. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 29(10):779-787. Laboratorio de Morfofisiologia da Placenta e Embriao, Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP294 Km 651, Dracena, SP 17900-000, Brazil. E-mail: fverechia@dracena.unesp.brThe objective of the study was to compare the characteristics of the caruncular fusion in gestations of non-cloned and cloned conceptuses. The non-cloned conceptuses were divided according to the gestation period: Group 1 (2 to 3 months; n=9),II (4 to 6; n=9); III (7 to 8; n=10) and IV (9 n=7). The cloned conceptuses formed the Group V: 9 months; n=4. The caruncles were observed macroscopically (number and dimensions: length, width and height), microscopically and submitted to statistical analysis (5% of significance). We observed three types of macroscopic caruncular fusions: oval (morphologically normal); two united adjacent caruncles and the lobulated type, characterized by regions with several united caruncles presenting a false fusion or deformation of the caruncular parenchyma. The length of the caruncles was 1.55 +/- 0.57; 2.45 +/- 0.55; 4.66 +/- 2.0 and 5.72 +/- 1.90cm for the groups 1, 11, 111, IV respectively. As for the height, the caruncles presented a lineal growth during the gestation: 0.40 +/- 0.15; 0.57 +/- 0.21; 1.0 +/- 0.48 and 1.80 +/- 0.91cm, for the respective groups 1, 11, 111 and IV. The width of the caruncles was similar between the groups I and 11 (0.97 +/- 0.30 e 1.42 +/- 0.71 cm) and the groups III and IV (2.68 +/- 1.22 and 3.52 +/- 1.16cm). When the group V was compared to the IV, the caruncles of the group V presented a larger length (5.72 +/- 1.90 vs. 7.88 +/-.13cm) and width (3.52 +/- 1.16 vs. 4.93 +/- 1.46cm), however they were similar in height (1.80 +/- 0.91 and 2.25 +/- 0.67cm). We verified that in gestations of cloned conceptuses the caruncles presented a larger development than in gestations of non-cloned conceptuses. The fusioned caruncles presented measurements statistically similar to the isolated ones in all the parameters and groups. Under light microscopy, we observed the formation of a stromal axis from the basis of the caruncle to the apex of the fusional fissure, with the histological constitution similar to the endometrial stroma. Three microscopic shapes were also unpublished defined: true fusion with a single axis evident below the fusional fissure; pseudofusion with a double axis in H shape and false fusion with absence of the axis. The first two formats were associated to the oval and lobulated caruncles and the last one to the false fusion with deformation of the caruncle parenchyma. The fusional axis increased in size along the gestation among the groups I, II, III and IV. The group V presented a larger length and width of the axis when compared to the group IV. Thus, in gestations of cloned conceptuses a destruction of the lateral epithelium of the caruncles is associated to an incompetence in the maternal-fetal interdigitation, that compromises the cotyledonary fusion. We suggest that, in gestations derived of cloned conceptuses, the increase of the size of the caruncular fusions is possibly associated to a compensatory mechanism for the metabolic exchanges between mother and fetus, in reason of the smallest number of isolated caruncles.

O modelo de Romberg e o percurso metodológico de uma pesquisa qualitativa em educação de uma pesquisa qualitativa em educação

The objective of this study is to present the trajectory of a research project (ALLEVATO, 2005) whose phenomenon of interest is the teaching of mathematics using problem solving with computers. The text is an attempt to portray this trajectory, from the point of view of the methodological route followed by the researcher, which was based on two main axes: the guidance of the educator Thomas A. Romberg (1992), and the guidelines provided by the foundations of qualitative research. The study was developed during a doctoral course offered by the Graduate Program in Mathematics Education at the State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Rio Claro campus.

O processamento automático de línguas naturais enquanto engenharia do conhecimento linguístico

In this paper, we provide a brief description of the multidisciplinary domain of research called Natural Language Processing (NLP), which aims at enabling the computer to deal with natural languages. In accordance with this description, NLP is conceived as "human language engineering or technology". Therefore, NLP requires consistent description of linguistic facts on every linguistic level: morphological, syntactic, semantic, and even the level of pragmatics and discourse. In addition to the linguistically-motivated conception of NLP, we emphasize the origin of such research field, the place occupied by NLP inside a multidisciplinary scenario, their objectives and challenges. Finally, we provide some remarks on the automatic processing of Brazilian Portuguese language.

Efeitos dos inseticidas utilizados no controle de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B e sua seletividade aos inimigos naturais na cultura da soja

In recent crop seasons, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B has become a serious pest in soybean crops due to high infestations and its control difficulties. Therefore, it is important to search control alternatives in the integrated pest management approach. Thus, it was evaluated in this study the efficacy of the whitefly control using different insecticides in greenhouse conditions and their selectivity to the parasitoids Encarsia formosa, Trichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus remus. Buprofezin 150 g.a.i. ha(-1) + mineral oil 0.2% v/v and pyriproxyfen 100 g.a.i. ha(-1) were considered the best options for the whitefly management due to combine good pest control efficacy with higher selectivity to the parasitoids except Encarsia formosa for which no treatment was classified as harmless. Betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 g.i.a. ha(-1) was efficient on controlling whiteflies nymphs but was not harmless to the studied natural enemies. In general, the treatments including pyretroids compounds (betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 + spiromesifen 60, betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 and lambda-cyhalothrin 26.5 + thiametoxan 35.25 g.a.i. ha(-1)) were the most harmful to the evaluated parasitoids and therefore it use should be avoid whenever possible.

A interacao homem-natureza na questao da valorizacao dos recursos naturais.

The values attached to natural resources have changed through time because of changes in human needs as well as technological skill. Such changes become clear in the different forms of relationship which are established between man and nature. Man must discover more adequate forms of resources use, of obtaining new supply sources, and of recovering the last equilibrium.-from English summary