Atributos do Solo e Acúmulo de Carbono na Integração Lavoura-Pecuária em Sistema Plantio Direto

Em sistemas de produção como a integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) em sistema plantio direto (SPD) têm sido observadas melhorias nos atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar as alterações nos atributos químicos e físicos do solo e o acúmulo de carbono (C) num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico argiloso utilizado em sistema de ILP em SPD com irrigação, no Cerrado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, e as parcelas experimentais foram compostas pelas culturas do milho e do sorgo forrageiro cultivadas exclusivamente ou consorciadas com as espécies forrageiras Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés e Megathyrsus maximum cv. Tanzânia para ensilagem; pelas espécies forrageiras no período de entressafra; e pela cultura da soja em sucessão. Foram realizadas durante a condução dos experimentos, além da análise com a caracterização inicial do solo, cinco avaliações (épocas) dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo ao final de cada ciclo produtivo durante os anos agrícolas 2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2012/2013. Os sistemas de produção na ILP em SPD, mesmo com alta exportação de nutrientes e tráfego de máquinas, foram eficientes para manutenção e melhoria da fertilidade e dos estoques de C do solo. Ao longo de três anos, os sistemas de ILP promoveram redução da compactação do solo pelo efeito positivo de incremento da macroporosidade e porosidade total e diminuição da resistência mecânica à penetração e densidade do solo, nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m.

Council Bluffs Interstate System Improvements Project Pottawatomie County, Iowa and Douglas County, Nebraska Project Number: IM-029-3(62)54-13-78, November 2004

The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT), Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR), and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing to improve the interstate system around Council Bluffs with improvements extending across the Missouri River on I-80 to east of the I-480 interchange in Omaha, Nebraska, see Figure 1-1. The study considers long-term, broad-based transportation improvements along I-80, I-29, and I-480, including approximately 18 mainline miles of interstate and 14 interchanges (3 system1, 11 service), that would add capacity and correct functional issues along the mainline and interchanges and upgrade the I-80 Missouri River Crossing. These improvements, once implemented, would bring the segments of I-80 and I-29 up to current engineering standards and modernize the roadway to accommodate future traffic needs. In 2001, Iowa DOT and FHWA initiated the Council Bluffs Interstate System (CBIS) Improvements Project. The agencies concluded that the environmental study process would be conducted in two stages; that is, a tiered approach would be applied. The project is being conducted pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) regulations issued by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1502.20, and FHWA 23 CFR Part 771.111, that permit tiering for large, complex NEPA studies. Tier 1 is an examination of the overall interstate system improvement needs, including a clear explanation of the area’s transportation needs, a study of alternatives to satisfy them, and broad consideration of potential environmental and social impacts. The Tier 1 evaluation is at a sufficient level of engineering and environmental detail to assist decision makers in selecting a preferred transportation strategy. Tier 1 includes preparation of a draft and final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) that would disclose the potential environmental and social effects (evaluated at a planning level that considers a variety of conceptual designs) of the proposed improvements. The final EIS will conclude with a Record of Decision (ROD) that states the preferred plan for improvements to be implemented. Essentially, the Tier 1 document will establish the planning framework for the needed improvements. Because the scope of the overall system improvements is large, the interstate improvements would be implemented as a series of individual projects that fit into the overall planning framework. The Tier 1 Area of Potential Impact, which is discussed in detail in Section 4 is an alternative that considers a combination of the most reasonable concepts that have been developed, buffered by approximately 100 or more feet to ensure that any Tier 2 design modifications would remain inside the outer boundary.

U.S. 61 dedication, December 13, 1984

Program from the dedication ceremony of the new U.S. 61 Muscatine Bypass.

Dinâmica do Carbono e Nitrogênio em Plantações de Eucalipto no Rio Grande do Sul

RESUMO A expansão de plantações de eucalipto no sul do Brasil na última década, especialmente em áreas com campos naturais, potencialmente altera a dinâmica do carbono orgânico total (COT) e nitrogênio total (NT) do solo. Objetivou-se testar o modelo Century 4.5 na simulação das mudanças de estoques de COT e NT na camada superficial (0,0-0,2 m) do solo, em povoamentos de Eucalyptus sp. com diferentes idades em três municípios no RS. Áreas adjacentes com campos naturais foram usadas para estimar os estoques originais de COT e NT desses locais. O modelo Century 4.5 apresentou bom ajuste na simulação do estoque de COT no solo, com valores similares entre os simulados e observados, podendo ser empregado na simulação da dinâmica da matéria orgânica no campo natural e nas plantações de eucalipto dos diferentes locais estudados. Para o estoque de NT do solo, mesmo com as alterações de parâmetros, o modelo Century 4.5 não conseguiu simular esse estoque do solo com eficácia e acurácia estatística aceitável.

Iowa Crop and Weather Report, May 29, 2012, Vol. 12. no. 13

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey today commented on the Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service. The report is released weekly from April through October.

Secure and Prepared Newsletter, July 13, 2012, Vol. 8, no. 13

A bi-weekly newsletter for those involved in the fields of homeland security and/or emergency management

Friday Facts, July 13, 2012, Vol. 146

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

Secure and Prepared Newsletter, July 27, 2012, Vol. 8, no. 13

A bi-weekly newsletter for those involved in the fields of homeland security and/or emergency management

CP Road MAP Brief 13-1, August 2010

Describing promising technologies that can be used now to enhance concrete paving practices

EPI Update, July 13, 2012

Weekly newsletter for Center For Acute Disease Epidemiology of Iowa Department of Public Health.

Iowa Agri-News, July 5, 2012, Vol. 12, no. 13

Crop and livestock summaries for the state of Iowa, produced by the Iowa Department of Agriculture.

Quick Reads, March 13, 2012

IDPH Quick Reads is an electronic newsletter produced by the Director’s Office at the Iowa Department of Public Health. IDPH Quick Reads are published every three to four weeks.