959 resultados para Cana-de-açúcar - Colheita
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The production of ethanol and sugar from sugarcane juice generate as byproduct, the bagasse. Currently, the bagasse, an industrial lignocellulosic biomass, can be used for production of second-generation ethanol, since when it is submitted to hydrolytic processes generates fermentable sugars. The objective of this study was to produce fungal enzymes capable of hydrolyzing this lignocellulosic biomass to generate glucose. For this, we used the mushroom species Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pycnoporus sanguineus as potential sources of laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase enzymes, capable of hydrolyzing the crushed sugarcane. The hydrolysis process was performed with the highest enzymatic activities observed from laccase in L. edodes (39.23 U-mL after 25 day incubation), P. ostreatus (2.5 U U-mL after 27 day incubation), P. sanguineus (80 U-mL after 27 days of incubation) and P. eryngii (16.45 U-mL 15 days incubation). MnP and LiP showed no significant results. The enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in natura (32,17% hemicellulose, cellulose 52,45% and 10,62% lignin) and bagasse hydrolyzate with 7,0% H2SO4 (0,20% hemicellulose, 68,82% to 25,33% cellulose and lignin) were evaluated for each enzymatic obtained. Compared to others, the enzymes produced by P. sanguineus incubated in sugarcane bagasse showed better efficiency resulting in glucose with an average content of 0,14 g-L. Although the levels of glucose determined in this work were low in relation to the literature, it can be stated that the laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase enzymes demonstrated good hydrolytic potential, especially those produced by the fungus P. sanguineus.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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This work evaluates the existing potential in the state of Sao Paulo for the generation of electrical energy using the sugar cane bagasse as fuel. As the bagasse is a by-product of the sugarcane and alcohol industry and it is produced in large scale in the country, mainly in the state of Sao Paulo, it is important to develop researches that aim the best utilization of this input. In order to determine its potential, at first, a study was conducted considering the utilization of the cogeneration, which is a common practice in the plants of the sector. However, it was concluded that the cogeneration could provide a higher quantity of energy if more modern technologies and more efficient processes were used. Another study to estimate the potential considered a system of gasification of the sugar cane bagasse integrated with the combined cycle (BIG/GTCC). It was concluded that this technology can provide a considerable increase in the electrical supply. In this work it was also developed an energetic study based on real data from a plant located in the state of Sao Paulo. A thermodynamic analysis was done in the existing equipment of the cogeneration section of the plant. And another analysis was done considering the implementation of the BIG/GTCC technology to the cogeneration system. Comparing the results of both settings, it was concluded that the utilization of the sugar cane bagasse integrated to a combined cycle increased considerably the efficiency in the generation of electricity of the plant, increasing more than six times its production capacity of electrical energy
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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This work evaluates the existing potential in the state of Sao Paulo for the generation of electrical energy using the sugar cane bagasse as fuel. As the bagasse is a by-product of the sugarcane and alcohol industry and it is produced in large scale in the country, mainly in the state of Sao Paulo, it is important to develop researches that aim the best utilization of this input. In order to determine its potential, at first, a study was conducted considering the utilization of the cogeneration, which is a common practice in the plants of the sector. However, it was concluded that the cogeneration could provide a higher quantity of energy if more modern technologies and more efficient processes were used. Another study to estimate the potential considered a system of gasification of the sugar cane bagasse integrated with the combined cycle (BIG/GTCC). It was concluded that this technology can provide a considerable increase in the electrical supply. In this work it was also developed an energetic study based on real data from a plant located in the state of Sao Paulo. A thermodynamic analysis was done in the existing equipment of the cogeneration section of the plant. And another analysis was done considering the implementation of the BIG/GTCC technology to the cogeneration system. Comparing the results of both settings, it was concluded that the utilization of the sugar cane bagasse integrated to a combined cycle increased considerably the efficiency in the generation of electricity of the plant, increasing more than six times its production capacity of electrical energy
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o aporte e a remoção de nutrientes em sistemas de cultivo de cana‑de‑açúcar irrigados, ou não, com efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto (EETE), com e sem adição de fosfogesso, bem como avaliar os efeitos desses sistemas de cultivo no estado nutricional das plantas. Foram avaliados tratamentos sem irrigação e com irrigação a 100 e 150% da necessidade hídrica da cultura. Os tratamentos com fosfogesso foram aplicados em área de terceiro corte, irrigada com EETE desde o plantio. As avaliações foram realizadas em duas safras. Os tratamentos não afetaram os rendimentos de colmos. O tratamento com EETE e fosfogesso apresentou efeito sinérgico sobre o conteúdo de nitrogênio e de enxofre nas plantas. O EETE beneficiou a nutrição das plantas quanto ao fósforo, mas não causou melhorias na nutrição com potássio e enxofre. A nutrição com ferro, zinco e manganês não foi influenciada pelo aporte desses micronutrientes pelo EETE. O fósforo e o nitrogênio aportados na irrigação com EETE devem ser considerados na recomendação de adubação. Porém, potássio, enxofre, ferro, zinco e manganês do efluente não são fontes eficientes desses nutrientes para as plantas.