Metodologia de las proyecciones de poblacion urbana-rural y de poblacion economicamente activa elaboradas en CELADE

Incluye Bibliografía

Proyeccion de la poblacion de Brasil, por sexo y grupos quinquenales de edad: 1950-2150

Incluye Bibliografía

Costa Rica: revision de la proyeccion de poblacion, 1975-2025

La revision de la proyeccion de poblacion de Costa Rica basada en el censo de 1973, incorpora las ultimas tendencias observadas a la vez que se extiende hasta el ano 2025. Los resultados que se presentan son mas que nada esfuerzos para mejorar las perspectivas de la poblacion y lo que se hace es reemplazar los niveles previstos para los componentes demograficos del quinquenio 1975-1980 por cifras mas realistas. Combinando las 4 hipotesis de fecundidad con una de mortalidad y otra de migracion internacional, mediante el metodo de los componentes, se obtuvieron 4 proyecciones. Segun los resultados de la proyeccion recomendada, la poblacion de Costa Rica pasara de 2.28 millones en 1980 a 5.10 al termino de la proyeccion (2025), lo que representa un aumento del 124 por ciento (p230).

Fecundidad

Incluye Bibliografía

La mortalidad en la niñez en Centroamérica, Panamá y Bélice 1970-1985

Incluye Bibliografía

Chile: proyecciones y estimaciones de poblacion por sexo y edad: total pais y regiones 1980-2000 urbano-rural

Las proyecciones de la poblacion chilena se presentan por sexo y grupos quinquenales de edad, segun areas urbana y rural, para el total del pais y cada una de las 13 regiones respecto a los anos calendario comprendidos entre 1980 y 2000. Se incluyen indicadores demograficos para el pais por area. La poblacion total y rural fueron proyectadas segun el metodo de componentes. Se elaboraron para ello estimaciones de mortalidad, fecundidad y migracion por areas, planteandose hipotesis de su evolucion futura. La proyeccion urbana se obtuvo por diferencia. La distribucion por regiones se calculo mediante el metodo de la tabla cuadrada para cada area. La mortalidad y la fecundidad se estimaron para cada area por metodos indirectos. La proyeccion de la mortalidad por area se efectuo mediante el sistema logito interpolando con tablas limite. La fecundidad por area se proyecto utilizando la relacion entre la fecundidad rural y la del pais.

Planificación en un marco de interdependencia

Analiza los cuatro momentos propuestos para el Coloquio en cuanto a que la planificacion, si se pretende que colabore para elevar el nivel de desempeno de los gobiernos, debera articularse con el proceso real del desarrollo economico, social y politico; sus metodos deberan incorporar las nuevas percepciones cientificas respecto a dicho proceso; su practica debera ser permeable a la interaccion de los diferentes agentes sociales, y debera involucrarse en las decisiones principales de la politica coyuntural, facilitandola y dandole coherencia y continuidad.

Estadísticas económicas de corto plazo de la Argentina: cuentas nacionales, industria manufacturera y sector agropecuario pampeano

Incluye Bibliografía

Planificación participativa en Costa Rica

Incluye Bibliografía

Precios sombra en los estudios integrados de transporte: la experiencia argentina

Explica la significacion de los precios sombra en la evaluacion de proyectos en el contexto de America Latina y resume algunos metodos para derivarlos, citando el caso de la primera fase del Plan nacional de Transporte de Argentina.

Bothropstoxin-I reduces evoked acetylcholine release from rat motor nerve terminals: Radiochemical and real-time video-microscopy studies

Understanding the biological activity profile of the snake venom components is fundamental for improving the treatment of snakebite envenomings and may also contribute for the development of new potential therapeutic agents. In this work, we tested the effects of BthTX-I, a Lys49 PLA2 homologue from the Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. While this toxin induces conspicuous myonecrosis by a catalytically independent mechanism, a series of in vitro studies support the hypothesis that BthTX-I might also exert a neuromuscular blocking activity due to its ability to alter the integrity of muscle cell membranes. To gain insight into the mechanisms of this inhibitory neuromuscular effect, for the first time, the influence of BthTX-I on nerve-evoked ACh release was directly quantified by radiochemical and real-time video-microscopy methods. Our results show that the neuromuscular blockade produced by in vitro exposure to BthTX-I (1 μM) results from the summation of both pre- and postsynaptic effects. Modifications affecting the presynaptic apparatus were revealed by the significant reduction of nerve-evoked [3H]-ACh release; real-time measurements of transmitter exocytosis using the FM4-64 fluorescent dye fully supported radiochemical data. The postsynaptic effect of BthTX-I was characterized by typical histological alterations in the architecture of skeletal muscle fibers, increase in the outflow of the intracellular lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and progressive depolarization of the muscle resting membrane potential. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the neuromuscular blockade produced by BthTX-I results from transient depolarization of skeletal muscle fibers, consequent to its general membrane-destabilizing effect, and subsequent decrease of evoked ACh release from motor nerve terminals. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Clinical and molecular study of a new form of hereditary myotonia in Murrah water buffalo

Hereditary myotonia caused by mutations in CLCN1 has been previously described in humans, goats, dogs, mice and horses. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical, morphological and genetic features of hereditary myotonia in Murrah buffalo. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed on affected and normal animals. CLCN1 cDNA and the relevant genomic region from normal and affected animals were sequenced. The affected animals exhibited muscle hypertrophy and stiffness. Myotonic discharges were observed during EMG, and dystrophic changes were not present in skeletal muscle biopsies; the last 43 nucleotides of exon-3 of the CLCN1 mRNA were deleted. Cloning of the genomic fragment revealed that the exclusion of this exonic sequence was caused by aberrant splicing, which was associated with the presence of a synonymous SNP in exon-3 (c.396C>T). The mutant allele triggered the efficient use of an ectopic 5' splice donor site located at nucleotides 90-91 of exon-3. The predicted impact of this aberrant splicing event is the alteration of the CLCN1 translational reading frame, which results in the incorporation of 24 unrelated amino acids followed by a premature stop codon. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nuevas metodologías para evaluar y ajustar datos demográficos

Incluye Bibliografía

Exercise-induced muscle damage and running economy in humans

Running economy (RE), defined as the energy demand for a given velocity of submaximal running, has been identified as a critical factor of overall distance running performance. Plyometric and resistance trainings, performed during a relatively short period of time (15-30 days), have been successfully used to improve RE in trained athletes. However, these exercise types, particularly when they are unaccustomed activities for the individuals, may cause delayed onset muscle soreness, swelling, and reduced muscle strength. Some studies have demonstrated that exercise-induced muscle damage has a negative impact on endurance running performance. Specifically, the muscular damage induced by an acute bout of downhill running has been shown to reduce RE during subsequent moderate and high-intensity exercise (>65% VOax). However, strength exercise (i.e., jumps, isoinertial and isokinetic eccentric exercises) seems to impair RE only for subsequent high-intensity exercise (90% VOax). Finally, a single session of resistance exercise or downhill running (i.e., repeated bout effect) attenuates changes in indirect markers of muscle damage and blunts changes in RE. © 2013 Cláudio de Oliveira Assumpção et al.

El uso de informacion sobre orfandad para estimar la supervivencia en edades adultas

Incluye Bibliografía