Residuos de antibióticos (tetraciclinas y betalactámicos) en leche entera de acopios de Matiguás - Matagalpa, mediante la prueba de Beta Star Combo en el período de noviembre 2010 a abril 2011

Al evaluar la presencia de residuos de antibióticos en leche cruda en acopios de Matiguás, Matagalpa, durante el periodo de noviembre 2010 – abril 2011, se determinó la presencia de residuos de antibióticos betalactámicos y tetraciclinas, estableciendo la familia de antibiótico con mayor presencia ,el mes con mayor positividad, estimando además la cantidad de leche con residuos de antibióticos. Se tomaron muestras de leche fresca de los acopios: San Martin, La patriota, San José de Paiwas y Lácteos Matiguas. Las muestras se sometieron a una prueba rápida para detección de residuos de antibióticos con el dispositivo Beta Star Combo. Para el análisis de los datos se usó el programa estadístico SPSS, aplicando la prueba de Chi2, resultando un 24 % de presencia de residuos de antibióticos del total de muestras, derivándose en 73.9% correspondiente a Tetraciclinas y 26.1 % correspondiente a Betalactámicos; correspondiendo al acopio San Martin y La patriota un 29% con 5 muestras positivas cada uno, Lácteos Matiguás con 6 % con una muestra positiva y San José de Paiwas con 35% con 6 muestras positivas a tetraciclinas. Para Betalactámicos: La patriota presentó 3 muestras positivas para un 50%, Lácteos Matiguás 17% (1 muestra positiva), San Jose de Paiwas 33% (2 muestras positivas), en la época lluviosa se presentaron 13 muestras positivas y en la época seca 10 muestras, concluyendo con la presencia de residuos de antibióticos en los acopios de Matiguás, siendo la familia de las Tetraciclinas la de mayor presencia. Los acopios con mayor cantidad de muestras positivas con residuos de antibióticos fueron San José de Paiwas y La Patriota, el mes con mayor presencia de antibióticos fue noviembre (6 muestras positivas), se estimó que la cantidad de leche contaminada por residuos de antibióticos fue de 138 000 L.

Thermodynamics of the displacive mechanism of alpha(1) transformation in a beta

Thermodynamics of the displacive mechanism of plate-shaped phase alpha(1) was analyzed in beta'Cu-Zn alloys. It was proposed that the displacive transformation of the alpha(1) plate took place in the solute-depleted region formed in the parent phase during the incubation period. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the driving force of alpha(1) transformation, Delta G, increased with the reduction of x(d), the solute concentration of the depleted region. And, Delta G could overcome-the transformation barrier with solute depletion to a certain degree. In addition, x(d) was higher than the equilibrium concentration in the phase diagram. Therefore, the shear formation of alpha(1) plate in the solute-depleted region was thermodynamically supported.

Two-Dimensional Kinetics Of Beta(2)-Integrin And Icam-1 Bindings Between Neutrophils And Melanoma Cells In A Shear Flow

Cell adhesion, mediated by specific receptor-ligand interactions, plays an important role in biological processes such as tumor metastasis and inflammatory cascade. For example, interactions between beta(2)-integrin ( lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 and/or Mac-1) on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and ICAM-1 on melanoma cells initiate the bindings of melanoma cells to PMNs within the tumor microenvironment in blood flow, which in turn activate PMN-melanoma cell aggregation in a near-wall region of the vascular endothelium, therefore enhancing subsequent extravasation of melanoma cells in the microcirculations. Kinetics of integrin-ligand bindings in a shear flow is the determinant of such a process, which has not been well understood. In the present study, interactions of PMNs with WM9 melanoma cells were investigated to quantify the kinetics of beta(2)-integrin and ICAM-1 bindings using a cone-plate viscometer that generates a linear shear flow combined with a two-color flow cytometry technique. Aggregation fractions exhibited a transition phase where it first increased before 60 s and then decreased with shear durations. Melanoma-PMN aggregation was also found to be inversely correlated with the shear rate. A previously developed probabilistic model was modified to predict the time dependence of aggregation fractions at different shear rates and medium viscosities. Kinetic parameters of beta(2)-integrin and ICAM-1 bindings were obtained by individual or global fittings, which were comparable to respectively published values. These findings provide new quantitative understanding of the biophysical basis of leukocyte-tumor cell interactions mediated by specific receptor-ligand interactions under shear flow conditions.