Influência das medidas antropométricas sobre a pressão arterial sistêmica de hipertensos cadastrados nas unidades de saúde da família no município de João Pessoa - PB

Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a influência das medidas antropométricas sobre a pressão arterial sistêmica de uma coorte de hipertensos atendidos nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) no município de João Pessoa-PB durante o período de 2008 a 2011. Para verificar as diferenças de níveis pressóricos entre as medidas realizadas nas consultas referentes ao cadastro, e a ultima pressão obtida no período de acompanhamento foram utilizadas informações sobre a identificação, dados clínicos do paciente, fatores de risco e doenças concomitantes. Testes estatísticos de comparabilidade entre grupos foram empregados. Para investigar os padrões de associação dos fatores de risco das variáveis antropométricas e sociodemográficas com a hipertensão dos pacientes, foi empregado o Modelo de Regressão Logística. Foram encontradas associações significativas (p<0,005) da hipertensão com a obesidade e o sedentarismo. Com os resultados desta pesquisa pretende-se: fornecer indicadores sobre a efetividade da Estratégia Saúde da Família; avaliar a qualidade das informações antropométricas; contribuir para a definição de estratégias que garantam o melhoramento dos acompanhamentos dos hipertensos e fornecer elementos científicos de apoio para outras USF e instituições governamentais.

Relação entre desempenho funcional e indicadores de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em idosas

The presence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) increases the risk and vulnerability to adverse clinical outcomes in the elderly. Like this, we investigated the relationship between functional performance and indicators of PAD in elderly women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which 54 elderly were assessed by questionnaire mini mental state examination, Short Phisical Performance Battery (SPPB), ankle-brachial index (ABI), human activity profile (HAP) and Edinburgh questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, t test and Pearson correlation. We considered p <0.05 as significance level. RESULTS: The mean age SPPB and ABI were 69.2 (± 6.9) years, SPPB 9.42 (± 2.55) and ABI 1.04 (± 0.14). The prevalence of PAD was 16.3%. There was a significant correlation between ABI and gait speed (r = 0.75, p = 0.001) and between PAH with SPPB (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the decline in functional performance in older, expressed in gait velocity component of the SPPB, is related to the presence of PAD

Safety and tolerability considerations in the use of sildenafil for children with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor approved for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults. Data from pediatric trials demonstrate a similar acute safety profile to the adult population but have raised concerns regarding the safety of long-term use in children. Interpretation of these trials remains controversial with major regulatory agencies differing in their recommendations - the US Food and Drug Administration recommends against the use of sildenafil for treatment of PAH in children, while the European Medicines Agency supports its use at "low doses". Here, we review the available pediatric data regarding dosing, acute, and long-term safety and efficacy of sildenafil for the treatment of PAH in children.

Internal carotid arterial canal size and scaling in Euarchonta: Re-assessing implications for arterial patency and phylogenetic relationships in early fossil primates.

Primate species typically differ from other mammals in having bony canals that enclose the branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) as they pass through the middle ear. The presence and relative size of these canals varies among major primate clades. As a result, differences in the anatomy of the canals for the promontorial and stapedial branches of the ICA have been cited as evidence of either haplorhine or strepsirrhine affinities among otherwise enigmatic early fossil euprimates. Here we use micro X-ray computed tomography to compile the largest quantitative dataset on ICA canal sizes. The data suggest greater variation of the ICA canals within some groups than has been previously appreciated. For example, Lepilemur and Avahi differ from most other lemuriforms in having a larger promontorial canal than stapedial canal. Furthermore, various lemurids are intraspecifically variable in relative canal size, with the promontorial canal being larger than the stapedial canal in some individuals but not others. In species where the promontorial artery supplies the brain with blood, the size of the promontorial canal is significantly correlated with endocranial volume (ECV). Among species with alternate routes of encephalic blood supply, the promontorial canal is highly reduced relative to ECV, and correlated with both ECV and cranium size. Ancestral state reconstructions incorporating data from fossils suggest that the last common ancestor of living primates had promontorial and stapedial canals that were similar to each other in size and large relative to ECV. We conclude that the plesiomorphic condition for crown primates is to have a patent promontorial artery supplying the brain and a patent stapedial artery for various non-encephalic structures. This inferred ancestral condition is exhibited by treeshrews and most early fossil euprimates, while extant primates exhibit reduction in one canal or another. The only early fossils deviating from this plesiomorphic condition are Adapis parisiensis with a reduced promontorial canal, and Rooneyia and Mahgarita with reduced stapedial canals.

Arterial stiffness and arteriovenous fistula failure of maturation

PURPOSE: Increased arterial stiffness is a common finding in patients with end-stage renal disease. Following creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), appropriate dilation of the feeding artery must occur to facilitate AVF maturation. Arterial stiffness may impair the arterial dilation required to facilitate AVF development and contribute to subsequent failure to mature (FTM). The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the association between measurements of central and peripheral arterial stiffness, and AVF FTM.

METHODS: Patients undergoing AVF creation in a single centre (Belfast City Hospital, UK) between January and December 2015 were invited to have their carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial-radial PWV and augmentation index (AI) measured prior to AVF creation. Subsequent AVF outcomes were identified.

RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients who had an AVF procedure were included in the final analysis (mean age 62 years); 50.8% had diabetes mellitus. The mean pre-operative arterial diameter for all AVFs was 3.9 mm. Average values for carotid-femoral PWV were 9.5 m/s, brachial-radial PWV 7.7 m/s and AI 25.6%. Using logistic regression, these arterial stiffness parameters did not predict AVF FTM: carotid-femoral PWV (P = 0.20), brachial-radial PWV (P = 0.13), AI (P = 0.50).

CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study to date exploring the association between arterial stiffness and AVF FTM. The measured central and peripheral arterial stiffness parameters were not associated with AVF FTM. Further research is needed to define if non-invasive arterial physiological measurements would be clinically useful in the prediction of AVF FTM.

Use of CPAP to Reduce Arterial Stiffness in Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Without Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (STIFFSLEEP): an Observational Cohort Study Protocol

INTRODUCTION: Sleepiness is a cardinal symptom in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) but most patients have unspecific symptoms. Arterial stiffness, evaluated by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) risk. Arterial stiffness was reported to be higher in patients with OSA, improving after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This study aims to assess whether the same effect occurs in patients with OSA and without sleepiness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This observational study assesses the CV effect of CPAP therapy on a cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe OSA; the effect on the subcohorts of sleepy and non-sleepy patients will be compared. A systematic and consecutive sample of patients advised CPAP therapy will be recruited from a single outpatient sleep clinic (Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central-CHLC, Portugal). Eligible patients are male, younger than 65 years, with confirmed moderate-to-severe OSA and apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) above 15/hour. Other sleep disorders, diabetes or any CV disease other than hypertension are exclusion criteria. Clinical evaluation at baseline includes Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and sleepiness is defined as ESS above 10. OSA will be confirmed by polygraphic study (cardiorespiratory, level 3). Participants are advised to undertake an assessment of carotid-femoral PWV (cf-PWV) and 24 hours evaluation of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), at baseline and after 4 months of CPAP therapy. Compliance and effectiveness of CPAP will be assessed. The main outcome is the variation of cf-PWV over time.

Perfil das condições de seguimento terapêutico em portadores de hipertensão arterial

A proposta foi investigar os aspectos comportamentais referentes ao seguimento da terapêutica farmacológica e não farmacológica e o grau de adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo de um grupo específico. Estudo observacional descritivo com análise quantitativa, realizado no Centro de Referência da Assistência Social em Fortaleza-CE, de agosto/2008 a maio/2009. Dados obtidos de 49 indivíduos por entrevista e exame físico. Mais de 50% dos participantes seguiam as terapêuticas não farmacológicas. Prevaleceram a terapia combinada (53%) e as classes medicamentosas de diuréticos (72%) e inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (55%). Muitos participantes (49%) referiram reações adversas. Destas, as mais citadas foram poliúria e tontura (29%). Quanto ao grau de adesão, a média correspondeu ao conceito não adesão leve. A avaliação dos comportamentos de seguimento terapêutico e a caracterização clínico-epidemiológica são necessárias para o enfermeiro planejar estratégias educativas. Ambas possibilitam ajustes no planejamento das intervenções, contribuindo para a melhor adesão terapêutica dos indivíduos

Spontaneous rupture of a giant hepatic hemangioma. Sequential treatment with preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization and conservative hepatectomy

Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver and it is often asymptomatic. Spontaneous rupture of liver hemangiomas is a rare but potentially lethal complication. Emergent hepatic resection has been the treatment of choice but carries high operative morbidity and mortality. Recently, preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has been used successfully for the management of bleeding ruptured liver tumors and non-operative treatment of symptomatic giant liver hemangiomas. We report a case of spontaneous rupture of a giant hepatic hemangioma that presented with thoracic and abdominal pain and shock due to hemoperitoneum. Once proper diagnosis was made the patient was successfully managed by TAE, followed by conservative hepatic resection.

Medición de la adherencia de los trabajadores la salud de la ese salud Pereira en el conocimiento y la práctica de la guía de hipertensión arterial en el municipio de Pereira. 2015

Evaluar la adherencia de los trabajadores la salud de la ESE Salud Pereira a la guía sobre hipertensión arterial en el Municipio de Pereira en el año 2015.

Arterial entrapment syndrome in the cubital fossa: a rare cause of acute stress-related arterial thrombosis in a patient with brachial artery duplication

Arterial entrapment syndrome (AES) at elbow level is very rare and to our knowledge no case of AES by lacertus fibrosus in the cubital fossa in presence of brachial artery duplication has been described to date. We describe a rare case of acute arterial thrombosis of one of two brachial arteries highlighted in the cubital fossa which developed after strenuous right elbow flexor muscle activity and hyper-extensions presumably related to AES by lacertus fibrosus at elbow level. A 43-year-old right-handed woman, experienced paleness, coldness and numbness of the right hand, after 8 consecutive hours of gardening. As she worked, her ipsilateral flexor elbow muscles remained in prolonged and inappropriate tension. Clinical examination evidenced the absence of radial artery pulse in the wrist and mild hypothermia in the second and third finger. During surgical exploration two anastomosed brachial arteries were detected in the cubital fossa under the lacertus fibrosus. The lateral superficial brachial artery was occluded. Intraoperative arteriography evidenced brachial artery duplication at the third superior of the arm and normal vascular pattern at the forearm level. In cases of unexplained atypical intermittent upper extremity claudication or acute ischemic symptoms an AES should always be ruled out, particularly when symptoms are exacerbated by strenuous upper extremity activity or when upper limb muscular hypertrophy is evident. In these cases a thorough dynamic clinical and instrumental examination is mandatory to confirm a diagnosis of AES and to avoid possible future ischemic complications.

Relación entre la ingesta de sal y la presión arterial en pacientes hipertensos

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial resistente o refractaria al tratamiento supone un serio problema de salud pública y aunque, no están claros los mecanismos por los que se produce esta resistencia, se sospecha que el consumo de sodio puede jugar un papel importante en el mantenimiento de la misma. Objetivo: Determinar si los pacientes con hipertensión resistente toman sodio oculto en los alimentos ingeridos en su dieta; así como relacionar este consumo con sus hábitos dietéticos. Pacientes y Métodos: Se estudiaron 32 pacientes con una media de edad de 74,25±6,38 años, (65,6% hombres y 34,4% mujeres). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante entrevista estructurada sobre consumo de alimentos. Se estudió: edad, género, estado civil, presión arterial, responsable de la elaboración de las comidas, índice de masa corporal (IMC), consumo de sodio oculto en la dieta y percepción de los pacientes sobre su consumo de sodio. Resultados: Se encontró una ingesta media real de 3693,56±2330,97 mg de sodio. En el 59,4% de los casos las comidas las elaboraba otra persona diferente al paciente, siendo mayor el consumo de sodio en estos pacientes (3.709,44±529,37 frente a 3.677,69±649,27 mg. Respecto a la percepción sobre la cantidad de sodio ingerida, el 9,4% decían no tomar nada, el 56,3% poco, el 21,9% lo normal y el 12,5% bastante. Los que decían no tomar nada de sodio y lo normal, el mayor aporte lo hacían durante la cena; y los que decían tomar poco sodio y bastante, era en el almuerzo. Se encontró correlación significativa entre ingesta de sodio total e IMC (r=0,411, p & lt0,05). No se encontró relación entre consumo de sodio y hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: Al menos en la muestra estudiada, no existe relación entre ingesta de sodio y presión arterial; existe una relación directa entre consumo de sodio y la persona que cocina. Por otro lado, la percepción que tienen estos pacientes respecto a su consumo de sodio es adecuada.

Variaciones de tensión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca, oximetría de pulso e incidencia de náusea y vómito postoperatorios producidos por la asociación propofol + fentanil vs. tiopental + fentanil en legrado uterino instrumental, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2007

Especialista en Anestesiología

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a hipertensión arterial, en los trabajadores del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga y Centro de Atención Ambulatoria 302 central Cuenca en el período 2007-2008

Se realizó un estudio transversal de prevalencia y factores de riesgo, en un universo de 418 trabajadores con una muestra de 170 personas, calculada en forma aleatoria simple, a partir de una prevalencia de Hipertensión arterial del 29%, con un nivel de confianza 95% y error de inferencia 6%. Los datos se obtuvieron por entrevista directa y se analizaron con el software SPSS. Resultados: la prevalencia de Hipertensión arterial fue de 31.2% (IC 95% 21.32-33.68). En los hombres de 29.1% (IC 95% 17.1 - 41.1); en las mujeres de 32.2% (IC 95% 23.7 - 40.7); entre los 40 y 54 años del 30.0% (IC 95% 21.5 -38.5) y entre los de 55 y 65 años, del 33.3% (IC 95% 21.4- 45.2). Se asoció positivamente la Hipertensión arterial con dislipidemia: RP 2.82 (IC 95% 1.29-6.14) y p= 0.003; con Diabetes Mellitus: RP 1.9 (IC 95% 0.96 3.76); con IMC ≥ 25 Kg/m2: RP 6.04 (IC 95% 3.03-12.03) y p=0.000; con obesidad abdominal: RP 4.38 (IC 95% 1.99-9.66) y p=0.000; con sedentarismo: RP 2.91 (IC 95% 1.47-5.76 y p=0.000. Conclusión: la prevalencia de Hipertensión arterial fue 31.2%. Se encontró asociación significativa con los factores de riesgo: Dislipidemia, Diabetes mellitus, sobrepeso,

Cambios y/o potencialización de los estilos de vida que practican familiares con enfermedades metabólicas: diabetes mellitus tipo2, hipertensión arterial Fundación DONUM 2002-2003

Con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de las modificaciones en los estilos de vida, en la prevención o retardo de la aparición de enfermedades metabólicas. Es un estudio de investigación acción participativa cuyo universo comprendió los usuarios preferidos de la fundación y la muestra es por conveniencia. El grupo de estudio participó en 8 talleres, para modificar y/o reforzar los CAPs sobre estilos de vida. Resultados: de las 24 personas estudiadas, el 66.7son mujeres, el 33.3son hombres, todos residen en el área urbana del cantón Cuenca, el 100tienen familiares con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se realizó una valoración inicial y una valoración final encontrándose: un 29.9de conocimientos buenos sobre estilos de vida al inicio de la investigación, un 100al terminar la misma. Actitud muy de acuerdo sobre beneficios y prácticas de alimentación saludable encontrando al inicio un 0, y 41.7al final; actitud muy de acuerdo sobre beneficios y prácticas de actividad física con un 0al inicio, y un 33.3al final del estudi, actitud muy en edsacuerdo sobre consumo de alchohol y tabaco en un 20.8inicialmente y 95.8al final de la investigación; prácticas muy buenas sobre estilos de vida 20.8al inicio y 83.3al final; preferencias alimenticias por el grupo 1, 29.2al inicio y 75.0al final; hábito de fumar negativo 83.3al inicio y 91.7al final, hábito alcohólico negativo 93.7al inicio y 100.0al final; actividad física no sedentarios 16.7al inicio y 54.2al final; promedio de índice de masa corporal 28 al inicio y 27.2 al final; colesterol promedio 219 mg/dl al final; sin riesgo de síndrome metabólico 25al inicio y 33.3al final; integración familiar cada fin de semana 4.2al inicio y 50& al final. Conclusiones: se sonfirma que los investigados han modificado favorablemente sus estilos de vida, asi como también, han mejorado sus indicadores del estado nutricional