Libros, lectores y lecturas : Constitución, expansión y crisis de las bibliotecas populares en la Argentina (1870-1890)

La tesis se inscribe en el marco de los estudios históricos, sociales y culturales sobre el libro, las bibliotecas y la lectura. A partir de las metodologías y los principios de análisis formados en este campo de discusión, se estudia el desarrollo de las bibliotecas populares en Argentina entre 1870 y 1890. En términos generales, estos veinte años contienen dos fases opuestas. Entre 1870 y 1876 tiene lugar una etapa de constitución y expansión, promovida por la sanción de una ley de fomento que prometía entregar subvenciones a las asociaciones civiles interesadas en constituir una biblioteca popular. La medida produjo un movimiento bibliotecario que alcanzó el notable registro de ciento cincuenta establecimientos radicados en diversos puntos del país. En un contexto político y económico inestable, en 1876 el Estado suprime el apoyo concedido. A partir de entonces las bibliotecas ingresan en un período de crisis, caracterizado por el cierre progresivo de la mayor parte de las entidades, pero también por la formación de nuevas instituciones bajo perspectivas socioculturales diferentes de aquellas que le habían dado origen

Sequence, circulating levels, and expression of C-type natriuretic peptide in a euryhaline elasmobranch, Carcharhinus leucas

The present study has examined expression and circulating levels of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the euryhaline bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas. Complementary DNA and deduced amino acid sequence for CNP in C leucas were determined by RACE methods. Homology of CNP amino acid sequence in C. leucas was high both for proCNP and for mature CNP when compared with previously identified elasmobranch CNPs. Mature CNP sequence in C. leucas was identical to that in Triakis seyllia and Seyliorhinus canicula. Levels of expression of CNP mRNA were significantly decreased in the atrium but did not change in either the brain or ventricle following acclimation to a SW environment. However, circulating levels of CNP significantly increased from 86.0 +/- 7.9 fmol ml(-1) in FW to 144.9 +/- 19.5 fmol ml(-1) in SW. The results presented demonstrate that changes in environmental salinity influences both synthesis of CNP from the heart and also circulating levels in C. leucas. Potential stimulus for release and modes of action are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The effects of freshwater to seawater transfer on circulating levels of angiotensin II, C-type natriuretic peptide and arginine vasotocin in the euryhaline elasmobranch, Carcharhinus leucas

This study examined the effect of transfer to increased environmental salinity on the circulating levels of angiotensin II (ANG II), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and arginine vasotocin (AVT) in the euryhaline elasmobranch, Carcharhinus letteas. Plasma levels of ANG 11 and CNP were significantly increased in C. leucas chronically acclimated to seawater (SW) in comparison to freshwater (FW) acclimated fish. There was no difference in plasma AVT levels. Acute transfer of FW fish to 75% SW induced an increase in plasma ANG II levels within 12 h, and subsequent transfer from 75 to 100% SW further increased plasma ANG 11 levels at both 24 and 72 h. No change in plasma CNP was observed during acute transfer to increased salinity. However, a significant increase in plasma AVT levels was observed following 96 h in 75% SW and 24 h in 100% SW. In chronically SW acclimated C leucas plasma osmolality, sodium, chloride, and Urea were all significantly higher than FW acclimated fish but there was no difference in haematocrit. Acute transfer of C letteas to 75% SW induced a significant increase in plasma osmolality, sodium and urea concentrations within 96 h of transfer. Subsequent transfer from 75 to 100% SW induced a further increase in these variables within 24 h in addition to a significant increase in plasma chloride above control levels. Haematocrit did not differ between the experimental and control groups throughout the acute study. Circulating levels of ANG 11 were significantly correlated to plasma, sodium, chloride, and urea concentrations during acclimation to SW. Conversely, circulating levels of CNP and AVT did not correlate to plasma osmolytes, however, CNP was significantly correlated to haematocrit during acclimation to seawater. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Witch from "The Wizard of Oz," Margaret Hamilton

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Dr. Margaret Mead

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Margaret 'Midge' Costanza

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Margaret Sloan, co-founder of National Black Feminist Organization

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Jodi Anderson at West Point Women's Pentathlon

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Occultist Z. Budapest at Gay March in Washington, D.C.

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

May day at the mall in Washington, D.C.

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.