C_(60)系列化合物的磁学性质

本文概述了C_(60)系列化合物的NMR谱、磁化率、磁性的某些进展。

水中超痕量汞的富集与测定

利用合成的巯基含量为2.2～2.5%的高巯基粉状巯基棉,对水中超痕量汞进行富集测定。流速可达100mL·min~(-1),检出限为0.5×10~(-12),加标回收率为90～104%。

C_(60)超导体及其研究进展

本文综述了各种新发现的C_(60)超导体及其研究进展,包括其超导转变温度制备方法,与氧化物陶瓷超导体的比较及目前存在的问题和今后的展望。

固熔体60%NaAlSi_2O_6-40%CaMgSi_2O_6在高温高压下的相图的研究

在1.0～5.0GPa、700～1750℃条件范围内,对固熔体0.6NaAlSi_2O_6-0.4CaMgSi_2O_6进行了研究,探讨了该固熔体在高温高压下的存在行为,研究了由非晶态玻璃向翡翠转化过程中γT作用的相图,得到的透辉石翡翠的晶胞参数为α=0.9439nm,b=0.8573nm,c=0.5233nm,β=107.28°和V=0.41702nm~3。本实验中合成的宝石级翡翠为色泽温润,具有玻璃光泽,半透明的极富观赏性的透辉石翡翠。

涂渍FFAP、PEG-20M、XE-60硅膜改性弹性玻璃毛细管柱的研制

硅膜改性弹性玻璃毛细管柱做为一种新柱型,它具有类似弹性石英柱的柔性和惰性,也具有玻璃柱制作容易、材质易得的优点。硅膜做为固定相载体的色谱特性研究目前报道还很少,非极性硅酮相在其上的交联我们曾做过报

La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)气敏性质的研究

本文研究了“Bi(BiF_3~-)/La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)/Pt”元件的气敏性质。元件的电动势与氧分压对数呈线性关系,温度升高,响应时间变短。20℃,在所测的范围内,电动势与空气中氢分压呈对数关系:E=E_0-961gPH_2(mV);敏感电极反应归结为局域电流或称作混合电势机理。元件对空气中1000Pa 氢气的90%响应时间仅用15S。元件对 CO 也有一定的敏感性能,但对甲烷、丁烷、乙炔等不具敏感性能。

Cadmium toxicity to embryonic-larval development and survival in red sea bream Pagrus major

At 18 degrees C and 33 psu, 24 and 48 h LC50 values of cadmium (Cd) for red sea bream Pagrus major embryos were 9.8 and 6.6 mg l(-1), respectively, while 24,48, 72, and 96 h LC50 values for larvae were 18.9,16.2, 8.0, and 5.6 mg l(-1), respectively, indicating that embryos were more sensitive to Cd toxicity than larvae. Cd concentrations at >= 0.8 mg l(-1) led to low hatchability (0-90% in >= 0.8 mg l(-1) solutions vs. 97-100% in lower ones), delay in time to hatch, high mortality (38-100% vs. 1-10%), morphological abnormality (42-100% vs. 1-10%), reduced length (3.55-3.60 vs. 3.71-3.72 mm) in the embryos and larvae. They were Cd concentration dependent and potential biological significant endpoints for assessing the risk of Cd to aquatic organisms. Heart beat and yolk absorption of the larvae were significantly inhibited at some high concentrations but they were not as sensitive as other endpoints to Cd exposure. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cloning of cytoplasmic heat shock protein 90 (FcHSP90) from Fenneropenaeus chinensis and its expression response to heat shock and hypoxia

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) works as a multi-functional chaperone and is involved in the regulation of many essential cellular pathways. In this study, we have identified a full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of HSP90 (FcHSP90) from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. FcHSP90 full-length cDNA comprised 2,552 bp, including a 2,181-bp open reading frame encoding 726 amino acids. Both homology analyses using alignment with previously identified HSP90 and a phylogeny tree indicated that FcHSP90 was a cytoplasmic HSP90. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that FcHSP90 was ubiquitously expressed in all the examined tissues but with highest levels in ovary of F. chinensis. FcHSP90 mRNA levels were sensitively induced by heat shock (from 25A degrees C to 35A degrees C) and reached the maximum at 6 h during heat shock treatment. Under hypoxia conditions, FcHSP90 mRNA levels, in both hemocytes and gill, were induced at 2 h and depressed at 8 h during hypoxia stress. The assessment of FcHSP90 mRNA levels under heat shock and hypoxia stresses indicated that the transcription of FcHSP90 was very sensitive to heat shock and hypoxia, so we deduced that FcHSP90 might play very important roles for shrimp to cope with environmental stress.

cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 90 gene in the haemocytes of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone contributing to the folding, maintenance of structural integrity and proper regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. The full-length cDNA of Zhikong scallop Chlamysfarreri HSP90 (designated CfHSP90) was cloned by EST and rapid RACE techniques. It was of 2710 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 2181 bp encoding a polypeptide of 726 amino acids with all the five HSP90 family signatures. BLAST analysis revealed that the CfHSP90 gene shared high similarity with other known HSP90 genes. Fluorescent real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the expression pattern of CfHSP90 mRNA in haemocytes of scallops exposed to Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ for 10 and 20 days, respectively. All the three heavy metals could induce CfHSP90 expression. There was a clear dose-dependent expression pattern of CfHSP90 after heavy metals exposure for 10 days or 20 days. Different concentrations of the same metal resulted in different effects on CfHSP90 expression. The results indicated that CfHSP90 responded to various heavy metal stresses with a dose-dependent expression pattern as well as exposure time effect, and could be used as a molecular biomarker in a heavy metal polluted environment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of heat shock protein 90 gene in the haemocytes of bay scallop Argopecten irradians

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays key roles in the folding, maintenance of structural integrity and regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. In the present study, the cDNA of Argopecten irradians HSP90 (designated AiHSP90) was cloned by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of AiHSP90 was of 2669 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 2175 bp encoding a polypeptide of 724 amino acids with predicted molecular weight of 83.08 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 4.81. BLAST analysis revealed that AiHSP90 shared high similarity with other known HSP90s, and the five conserved amino acid blocks defined as HSP90 protein family signatures were also identified in AiHSP90, which indicated that AiHSP90 should be a cytosolic member of the HSP90 family. Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR was employed to examine the expression pattern of AiHSP90 mRNA in haemocytes of scallops challenged by Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio anguillarum and Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus. In both bacterial challenged groups, the relative expression level of AiHSP90 transcript was up-regulated and reached maximal. level at 9 h after injection, and then dropped progressively to the original level at about 48 h post challenge. The results indicated that AiHSP90 was potentially involved in the immune responses against bacteria challenge in scallop A. irradian. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Flux and fate of Yangtze river sediment delivered to the East China Sea

Numerous cores and dating show the Yangtze River has accumulated about 1.16 x 10(12) t sediment in its delta plain and proximal subaqueous delta during Holocene. High-resolution seismic profiling and coring in the southern East China Sea during 2003 and 2004 cruises has revealed an elongated (similar to 800 km) distal subaqueous mud wedge extending from the Yangtze River mouth southward off the Zhejiang and Fujian coasts into the Taiwan Strait. Overlying what appears to be a transgressive sand layer, this distal clinoform thins offshore, from similar to 40 in thickness between the 20 and 30 m water depth to < 1-2 in between 60 and 90 m water depth, corresponding to an across shelf distance of less than 100 km. Total volume of this distal mud wedge is about 4.5 x 10(11) m(3), equivalent to similar to 5.4 x 10(11) t of sediment. Most of the sediment in this mud wedge comes from the Yangtze River, with some input presumably coming from local smaller rivers. Thus, the total Yangtze-derived sediments accumulated in its deltaic system and East China Sea inner shelf have amounted to about 1.7 x 10(12) t. Preliminary analyses suggest this longshore and across-shelf transported clinoform mainly formed in the past 7000 yrs after postglacial sea level reached its mid-Holocene highstand, and after re-intensification of the Chinese longshore current system. Sedimentation accumulation apparently increased around 2000 yrs BP, reflecting the evolution of the Yangtze estuary and increased land erosion due to human activities, such as fanning and deforestation. The southward-flowing China Coastal Current, the northward-flowing Taiwan Warm Current, and the Kuroshio Current appear to have played critical roles in transporting and trapping most of Yangtze-derived materials in the inner shelf, and hence preventing the sediment escape into the deep ocean. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea

A predominant sigmoidal clinoform deposit extends from the Yangtze River mouth southwards 800 kin along the Chinese coast. This clinoform is thickest (similar to 40m) between the 20 and 30 m isobaths and progressively thins offshore, reaching water depths of 60 and 90 m and distances up to 100 km offshore. Clay mineral, heavy metal, geochemical and grain-size analyses indicate that the Yangtze River is the primary source for this longshore-transported clinoform deposit. Pb-210 chronologies show the highest accumulation rates (> 3 cm/yr) occur immediately adjacent to the Yangtze subaqueous delta (north of 30 degrees N), decreasing southward alongshore and eastward offshore. The interaction of strong tides, waves, the China Coastal Current, winter storms, and offshore upwelling appear to have played important roles in trapping most Yangtze-derived sediment on the inner shelf and transporting it to the south. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intraseasonal variability of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature during boreal winter: Madden-Julian Oscillation versus submonthly forcing and processes

[ 1] Intraseasonal variability of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) during boreal winter is investigated by analyzing available data and a suite of solutions to an ocean general circulation model for 1998 - 2004. This period covers the QuikSCAT and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations. Impacts of the 30 - 90 day and 10 - 30 day atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) are examined separately, with the former dominated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the latter dominated by convectively coupled Rossby and Kelvin waves. The maximum variation of intraseasonal SST occurs at 10 degrees S - 2 degrees S in the wintertime Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), where the mixed layer is thin and intraseasonal wind speed reaches its maximum. The observed maximum warming ( cooling) averaged over ( 60 degrees E - 85 degrees E, 10 degrees S - 3 degrees S) is 1.13 degrees C ( - 0.97 degrees C) for the period of interest, with a standard deviation of 0.39 degrees C in winter. This SST change is forced predominantly by the MJO. While the MJO causes a basin-wide cooling ( warming) in the ITCZ region, submonthly ISOs cause a more complex SST structure that propagates southwestward in the western-central basin and southeastward in the eastern ocean. On both the MJO and submonthly timescales, winds are the deterministic factor for the SST variability. Short-wave radiation generally plays a secondary role, and effects of precipitation are negligible. The dominant role of winds results roughly equally from wind speed and stress forcing. Wind speed affects SST by altering turbulent heat fluxes and entrainment cooling. Wind stress affects SST via several local and remote oceanic processes.

鱼类疫苗的研究：I: 海水鱼类病原菌乳化口服疫苗的研究；II：迟缓爱德华氏菌和嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白疫苗的研究

本论文的目的是研究几种病原菌口服疫苗接种鱼类的免疫效果，并从常见病原菌株中筛选几个具有较好保护效果的蛋白抗原，利用口服免疫的方式，接种养殖动物，并检测免疫效果。 以10号白油为有机溶剂，采用搅拌与均浆方法制备鳗弧菌M3和SMP1的油乳化二价疫苗，用饵料包埋后以口服途径免疫养殖大菱鲆，评价免疫大菱鲆的免疫应答和疫苗的保护效果。结果显示，以油乳化和未油乳化疫苗分别连续口服免疫大菱鲆一周后，在后肠组织，乳化疫苗刺激产生的非特异性活力、特异性抗体水平均高于未乳化疫苗；而在血清，两种疫苗引起的两种酶的活力、SMP1抗体水平没有变化，但在乳化疫苗免疫的大菱鲆检测到明显高于未免疫对照大菱鲆的M3抗体水平。大菱鲆后肠组织原位杂交结果显示，口服免疫的大菱鲆后肠褶皱有IgM抗体的产生和分布。其中，乳化疫苗免疫大菱鲆的IgM抗体的产生和分布水平高于未乳化疫苗免疫的大菱鲆。攻毒实验显示，乳化疫苗免疫的大菱鲆对M3和SMP1的感染分别获得100%和50%的免疫保护率，而未乳化疫苗获得的免疫保护率分别为57.9%和0%，表明乳化疫苗比未乳化疫苗更有效地保护大菱鲆、抵抗病原的感染。在乳化疫苗免疫持续期的研究中，免疫的大菱鲆后肠在免疫后120天仍能检测到抗体效价，在免疫后90天还能观察到一定的免疫保护效果。免疫30天、60天、90天和120天的大菱鲆分别获得100%、66.7%、36.7%和13.3%的免疫保护力。 以鳗弧菌M3和SMP1、链球菌CF、迟缓爱德华菌SMW7作为细菌抗原制备油乳化多价口服疫苗和轮虫携带疫苗，口服途径免疫养殖大菱鲆与大菱鲆初孵仔鱼。结果显示，在免疫大菱鲆后肠可检测到抗M3抗体水平的提高（P<0.05），而在其胆汁、鳃、中肠、体表黏液、前肠与血清中抗体效价变化与对照组没有显示出差异；没有检测到免疫大菱鲆后肠抗SMP1、SMW7、CF抗体效价。M3浸泡攻毒实验显示，口服免疫的大菱鲆获得了100%的免疫保护力；在M3注射攻毒和SMP1、CF、SMW7浸泡攻毒大菱鲆的实验中，在每个攻毒组中，免疫组大菱鲆开始死亡的时间都要比对照组有不同程度的延迟，但攻毒大菱鲆都发生死亡，不能显示出与对照组的差异。轮虫携带免疫的结果显示，免疫的大菱鲆初孵仔鱼并未获得较好的保护效果，与对照大菱鲆没有体现出差异。 从致病性病嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）LSA34克隆并表达ahaI基因和gapA基因，从迟缓爱德华菌（Edwardsiella tarda）LSE40克隆并表达eseB，将所得蛋白分别通过腹腔注射途径免疫大菱鲆，检测蛋白的免疫原性和免疫保护。结果在免疫后7天就可以检测到AhaI、GapA蛋白免疫组大菱鲆产生的抗体，至第40天可以检测到明显的保护性抗体，之后抗体效价增加明显，直至第60天时达到最高值。EseB免疫的大菱鲆第一次免疫后15天就有较高的抗体效价产生，明显高于对照组大菱鲆血清抗体效价，到距第一次免疫60天时，抗体效价达到最高值。攻毒实验显示，与对照组相比，AhaI免疫组和GapA免疫组对LSA34感染的免疫保护力分别为80%和100%；AhaI免疫组和GapA免疫组对LSE40感染的免疫保护力分别为30%和10%。，而对照组牙鲆对人工攻毒不具有保护力。以AhaI和GapA作为疫苗免疫大菱鲆，使大菱鲆获得了对嗜水气单胞菌LSA34较高的免疫保护；而对迟缓爱德华氏菌LSE40的交叉保护能力没有明显提高。EseB免疫的大菱鲆在攻毒实验中并没有显示出较好的保护效果，与对照组相比，只是在死亡时间上有所延迟。 以从致病性嗜水气单胞菌中克隆的ahaI和gapA基因表达出的蛋白为蛋白抗原制备油乳化疫苗，用饵料包埋后以口服途径免疫养殖牙鲆，评价免疫牙鲆的免疫应答和疫苗的保护效果。结果显示，以油乳化和未油乳化疫苗分别免疫牙鲆一周后，在后肠组织，AhaI和GapA乳化疫苗免疫组牙鲆检测到抗体，且分别高于AhaI和GapA未乳化疫苗免疫的牙鲆；而在血清，GapA的两种疫苗引起的GapA抗体水平没有变化；但在AhaI乳化疫苗免疫的牙鲆第21天和第35天的血清中检测到高于未免疫对照牙鲆的AhaI抗体水平，AhaI未乳化疫苗免疫牙鲆血清对照组相比没有检测到AhaI抗体水平的变化。