Pedersöre trafiksäkerhetsplan 2014

Pedersöre trafiksäkerhetsplan har utarbetats i samarbete med kommunerna i regionen och Södra Österbottens NTM-central. I planen har nuläget inom trafiksäkerheten, moliteten, verksamhetsmiljön och trafiksystemet utretts, dessutom har trafiksäkerhetsproblem kartlagts med hjälp av olika analyser och förfrågningar. På basen av nulägesanalysen har visionen och målsättningen för trafiksäkerhetsarbetet satts upp samt åtgärdsförslagen bestämts. Planen för förbättrandet av trafikmiljön, handlingsplanerna som samlats för förvaltningarnas trafiksäkerhetsarbete samt handlingsplanen för styrandet av mobiliteten fungerar som stöd för att uppnå målsättningen. På basen av olycksanalysen var situationen inom trafiksäkerheten något sämre i Jakobstadsregionen än i Finland i medeltal. I olyckor som inträffat i Jakobstads-, Pedersöre- och Nykarlebyregionen skadades eller dog fler mopedister än i landet i medeltal. Det dog och skadades lika många motorcyklister som i övriga delar av landet, men antalet döda och skadade för övriga färdsätt var mindre än medeltalet i landet. Singelolyckorna orsakade flest personskador. De allvarligaste olyckorna var fotgängarolyckor, av dessa ledde största delen till personskador. Till antalet skedde flest olyckor för 18-20 åringar, men även för 15-16 åringar skedde många olyckor som ledde till personskador. Av olyckorna som skedde i regionen orsakades årligen kostnader kring 22,1 miljoner euro, kommunernas årliga andel var cirka 3,8 miljoner euro. På basen av invånarenkäten är personbil det vanligaste färdsättet i Jakobstadsregionen. Mätt enligt antalet resor görs en tredjedel av resorna till fots eller med cykel på sommaren, under vintern är motsvarande andel en fjärdedel. Enligt invånarenkäten ansågs skoleleverna vara den mest otrygga trafikantgruppen, de otryggaste färdsätten ansågs vara till fots eller med cykel. För höga körhastigheter och talande i telefon ansågs vara de främsta trafikförseelserna, gatornas och vägarnas underhåll och kvalitet lyftes fram som viktigaste utvecklingsområde. Olycksanalysen samt den riksomfattande och regionala målsättningen fungerade som grund när målsättningen för trafiksäkerhetsarbetet i Jakobstadsregionen sattes. Enligt den riksomfattande målsättningen bör antalet dödsfall i trafiken halveras och antalet skadade minskas med en fjärdedel från nivån år 2010 fram till år 2020. Den kvantitativa målsättningen för minskandet av trafikolyckor relaterades till kommunerna enligt NTM-centralens målsättning i Södra Österbotten. Att nå målsättningarna under den förutsatta tiden är utmanande, eftersom genomförandet av åtgärdsplanen inte enligt beräkningar kommer att bidra till den krävda minskningen av olyckor. Målsättningen kan ändå nås genom effektivt samarbete mellan olika organisationer. För att nå målet bör omfattande resurser användas. Under planeringsarbetet aktiverades kommunernas trafiksäkerhetsgrupper, till stöd för gruppernas verksamhet utarbetades åtgärdsplanerna samt årsrytmen för arbetets olika skeden. Grupperna ansvarar för genomförandet, uppföljandet samt vid behov för uppdaterandet av planen.

Quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin by chlorpromazine and hemin

The binding of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and hemin to bovine serum albumin was studied by the fluorescence quenching technique. CPZ is a widely used anti-psychotic drug that interacts with blood components, influences bioavailability, and affects function of several biomolecules. Hemin is an important ferric residue of hemoglobin that binds within the hydrophobic region of albumin with high specificity. Quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was observed by selectively exciting tryptophan residues at 290 nm. Emission spectra were recorded in the range from 300 to 450 nm for each quencher addition. Stern-Volmer graphs were plotted, and the quenching constant estimated for BSA solution titrated with hemin at 25ºC was 1.44 (± 0.05) x 10(5) M-1. Results showed that bovine albumin tryptophans are not equally accessible to CPZ, in agreement with the idea that polar or charged quenchers have more affinity for amino acid residues on the outer wall of the protein. Hemin added to albumin solution at a molar ratio of 1:1 quenched about 25% of their fluorescence. The quenching effect of CPZ on albumin-hemin solution was stronger than on pure BSA. This increase can be the result of combined conformational changes in the structure of albumin caused firstly by hemin and then by CPZ. Our results suggest that the primary binding site for hemin on bovine albumin may be located asymmetrically between the two tryptophans along the sequence formed by subdomains IB and IIA, closer to tryptophan residue 212.

Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of in vitro prolactin secretion from the rat anterior pituitary

In previous studies, we demonstrated biphasic purinergic effects on prolactin (PRL) secretion stimulated by an adenosine A2 agonist. In the present study, we investigated the role of the activation of adenosine A1 receptors by (R)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) at the pituitary level in in vitro PRL secretion. Hemipituitaries (one per cuvette in five replicates) from adult male rats were incubated. Administration of R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM) induced a reduction of PRL secretion into the medium in a U-shaped dose-response curve. The maximal reduction was obtained with 0.1 µM R-PIA (mean ± SEM, 36.01 ± 5.53 ng/mg tissue weight (t.w.)) treatment compared to control (264.56 ± 15.46 ng/mg t.w.). R-PIA inhibition (0.01 µM = 141.97 ± 15.79 vs control = 244.77 ± 13.79 ng/mg t.w.) of PRL release was blocked by 1 µM cyclopentyltheophylline, a specific A1 receptor antagonist (1 µM = 212.360 ± 26.560 ng/mg t.w.), whereas cyclopentyltheophylline alone (0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) had no effect. R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) produced inhibition of PRL secretion stimulated by both phospholipase C (0.5 IU/mL; 977.44 ± 76.17 ng/mg t.w.) and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM; 415.93 ± 37.66 ng/mg t.w.) with nadir established at the dose of 0.1 µM (225.55 ± 71.42 and 201.9 ± 19.08 ng/mg t.w., respectively). Similarly, R-PIA (0.01 µM) decreased (242.00 ± 24.00 ng/mg t.w.) the PRL secretion stimulated by cholera toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 1050.00 ± 70.00 ng/mg t.w.). In contrast, R-PIA had no effect (468.00 ± 34.00 ng/mg t.w.) on PRL secretion stimulation by pertussis toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 430.00 ± 26.00 ng/mg t.w.). These results suggest that inhibition of PRL secretion after A1 receptor activation by R-PIA is mediated by a Gi protein-dependent mechanism.

Genetic variations of EBV-LMP1 from nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies: potential loss of T cell epitopes

To find Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strains with genetic variations of EBV latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the full-length DNA of LMP1 genes from 21 NPC biopsies obtained in Hunan province in southern China was amplified and sequenced. Our sequences were compared to those previously reported by the Clustal V method. Results showed that all 21 sequences displayed two amino acid changes most frequently in LMP1 of CD4+ T cell epitopes at codons 144 (F®I, 21/21) and 212 (G®S, 19/21) or (G®N, 2/21). We also show that type A EBV strain is prevalent in the cases of NPC from Hunan province with a 30-bp 18/21 deletion, and we highlight that this deletion resulted in loss of one of the CD4+ T cell-restricted epitopes. The other 3 sequences without this deletion all had a change at codon 344 (G®D). Furthermore, in the major epitope sequence of CD8+ T cells restricted by HLA-A2, all 21 sequences showed changes at codons 126 (L®F) and 129 (M®I). Our study discovered that one of the 21 sequence variations harbored a new change at codon 131 (W®C), and 5/21 specimens showed another novel change at codon 115 (G®A) in the major epitope sequence of CD8+ T cells restricted by HLA-A2. Our study suggests that these sequence variations of NPC-derived LMP1 may lead to a potential escape from host cell immune recognition, protecting latent EBV infection and causing an increase in tumorigenicity.

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Variantti B.

Expression of merlin, NDRG2, ERBB2, and c-MYC in meningiomas: relationship with tumor grade and recurrence

Meningiomas are common, usually benign tumors of the central nervous system that have a high rate of post-surgical recurrence or regrowth. We determined expression of the proteins merlin, NDRG2, ERBB2, and c-MYC in meningiomas using immunohistochemistry and assessed relationships between protein expression and gender, age, tumor grade, and recurrence or regrowth. The study sample comprised 60 patients, (44 women and 16 men) with a mean age of 53.2±12.7 years. Tumors were classified as grade I (n=48) or grades II and III (n=12). Expression of merlin, NDRG2, ERBB2, and c-MYC was not significantly different statistically with relation to gender, age, or meningioma recurrence or regrowth. Merlin was expressed in 100% of the cases. No statistically significant difference between tumor grade and recurrence or regrowth was identified. Statistically significant differences were identified between the mean age of patients with grade I (54.83±11.60) and grades II and III (46.58±15.08) meningiomas (P=0.043), between strong c-MYC expression and grades II and III (P<0.001), and between partial surgical resection and tumor recurrence or regrowth (P<0.001). These findings reveal the lower mean age among grades II and III meningioma patients than grade I patients, the influence of the protein merlin on tumorigenesis, the association of c-MYC with aggressive meningiomas, and that partial surgical resection is associated with tumor recurrence or regrowth.

Fracionamento a seco da farinha de aveia e modificação química da fração rica em amido

O estudo teve por objetivo obter frações de farinha de aveia enriquecidas em amido e em fibras pelo fracionamento a seco e modificar quimicamente (fosfatação) o amido da fração rica neste constituinte, avaliando suas propriedades funcionais. O fracionamento foi efetuado utilizando-se as granulometrias > 300, 212-300, 150-212, e <150 µm. As frações > 300 µm e 212-300 µm foram semelhantes, com aumento de aproximadamente 1,5 e 2,7 vezes nos teores de proteína e fibra, e redução de 0,5-0,6 vezes no teor de amido, quando comparadas à farinha integral. As frações 212-150 µm e <150 µm foram semelhantes entre si e apresentaram os maiores teores de amido (aproximadamente 70%). A fração rica em amido <150 µm, que apresentou maior rendimento no fracionamento (35,5%), foi fosfatada usando tripolifosfato de sódio a 150-155 °C, por 20 e 40 min, resultando em 0,39 e 0,32% de fósforo ligado, respectivamente. Nas frações de amido fosfatadas a capacidade de ligação de água fria aumentou (1,9-3,3 vezes), enquanto a sinérese a 5 °C ou após congelamento/descongelamento foi reduzida (6-20 e 5-6 vezes, respectivamente) significativamente quando comparadas à nativa. A fosfatação reduziu o aumento de opacidade dos géis de amido durante armazenagem a 5 °C, indicando menor tendência a retrogradação. Assim, o fracionamento a seco da farinha de aveia proporcionou frações ricas em proteínas e fibras ou ricas em amido, e a fosfatação da fração enriquecida em amido melhorou suas propriedades funcionais, o que pode ampliar o potencial de aplicação e o valor econômico dessa fração na indústria de alimentos.

Composição, digestibilidade protéica e desaminação em cultivares brasileiras de soja submetidas à radiação gama

A soja é reconhecidamente um alimento rico em proteínas e lipídios e sua inclusão na alimentação humana no Brasil tem se tornado cada vez maior. Devido à importância comercial e nutricional da soja, possíveis alterações promovidas por métodos de conservação aplicados a ela devem ser estudadas. O presente trabalho visa avaliar a composição química, a digestibilidade in vitro de proteínas e a porcentagem de desaminação de grãos de cinco diferentes cultivares de soja (BRS 212, BRS 213, BRS 214, BRS 231 e E48) submetidas à irradiação (doses de 2, 4 e 8 kGy). Dentro da composição química foram encontrados valores para cinza que variaram de 4,90 a 6,08%, para proteína de 21,23 a 36,99%, para lipídeos de 19,22 a 24,84%, para fibras solúveis de 1,37 a 4,03% e para fibras insolúveis de 15,97 a 18,87%. A porcentagem de desaminação nas diferentes amostras variou de 17,34 a 57,79% e a digestibilidade in vitro de 84,45 a 89,11%. O tratamento de irradiação nas doses utilizadas não promoveu alterações na composição centesimal e na digestibilidade, mas promoveu aumento na porcentagem de desaminação das amostras conforme aumento das doses.

Cadmium determination in Lentinus edodes mushroom species

Many studies have drawn attention to the occurrence and concentration of toxic elements found in the fruiting body of mushrooms. Some edible mushroom species are known to accumulate high levels of inorganic contaminants, mainly cadmium, mercury, and lead. There are about 2,000 known edible mushroom species, but only 25 of them are cultivated and used as food. In Brazil, the most marketed and consumed mushroom species are Agaricus bisporus, known as Paris champignon, Lentinus edodes, or Shitake and Pleurotus sp, also called Shimeji or Hiratake. In this study, the concentration of cadmium was determined in Lentinus edodes mushrooms from different cities in São Paulo state and some samples imported from Japan and China. The analyses were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after HNO3-H2O2 digestion. The results showed a lower concentration of Cd in the mushrooms cultivated in São Paulo (0.0079 to 0.023 mg.kg-1 in natura) than that of the mushrooms cultivated abroad (0.125 to 0.212 mg.kg-1 in natura). Although there is no tolerance limit for Cd in mushrooms in Brazil, the results show that Lentinus edodes mushrooms can be safely consumed.

Effect of dietary fiber on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds of mango, papaya and pineapple fruits by an in vitro digestion model

The presence of dietary fiber (DF) in the food matrix of some tropical fruits plays an important role in the release and absorption of its bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds (PCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the DF fractions in mango cv. ‘Ataulfo’, papaya cv. ‘Maradol’ and pineapple cv. ‘Esmeralda’, on the bioaccessibility of their PCs and antioxidant capacity (AOXC) under an in vitro digestion model. The highest PCs content and AOXC was found in mango (274.30 mg GAE/100 g FW), followed by papaya (212 mg GAE//100 g FW), and pineapple (107.63 mg GAE/100 g FW), respectively. About 50% of the total PCs in all fruits was released at gastric phase, increasing closer to 60% at intestinal phase in mango and pineapple. However, the highest content of PCs associated to DF was found in mango (2.48 mg GAE/100 g FW) compared with papaya DF fractions (0.96 GAE/100 g FW) and pineapple (0.52 GAE/100 g FW). The presence of DF in mango, papaya and pineapple did not represent a major limitation on the bioaccessibility of its PCs according to the in vitro digestion model used in this study.

Islamia käsittelevä tietokirjallisuus antaa vastauksia islamin näkyvyyteen ja siihen liitettyihin uhkakuviin

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Ikkunoita vanhenevien miesten maailmoihin

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