Relação entre a esfericidade, a função ventricular e o tamanho do infarto em ratos

FUNDAMENTO: A esfericidade do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) é fator associado com disfunção ventricular, mas não está bem caracterizada no modelo de ratos infartados. OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre o índice de esfericidade, a função ventricular e a área infartada no modelo experimental em ratos. MÉTODOS: Seis meses após infarto (IAM, n=33) ou cirurgia simulada (SHAM, n=18), os animais foram submetidos a ecocardiograma. O índice de esfericidade foi obtido pela razão entre as áreas diastólicas nos eixos maior e menor do VE. RESULTADOS: O grupo IAM apresentou menor índice de esfericidade (1,32 × 0,23 vs 1,57 × 0,33; p=0,002), de função sistólica e espessura relativa (0,13 × 0,003 vs 0,18 × 0,04; p<0,001) e maior índice de estresse parietal (1,27 × 0,33 vs 0,88 × 0,25; p<0,001). Houve correlação significativa entre tamanho do infarto e esfericidade (p=0,046). Na análise de regressão linear, o tamanho de infarto (p=0,014), mas não a esfericidade (p=0,683) e o estresse parietal (p=0,176), foi fator de predição da função sistólica. Remodelação excêntrica (p=0,011), mas não a esfericidade (p=0,183) ou o tamanho de infarto (p=0,101), foi fator preditor do estresse parietal. Adicionalmente, o tamanho do infarto (p=0,046), mas não remodelação excêntrica (0,705), foi fator preditor da esfericidade. O tamanho do infarto (p=0,015) e o estresse parietal (p=0,011), mas não a esfericidade (p=0,705), foram preditores de remodelação excêntrica. CONCLUSÃO: A esfericidade está associada mas não é fator determinante do estresse parietal, da remodelação excêntrica e da função sistólica ventricular no modelo de infarto experimental em ratos.

Cytokines released from blood monocytes and expressed in mucocutaneous lesions of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis evaluated before and during trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment

Background Mucocutaneous lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis are granulomatous and result from tissue responses to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the aetiological agent.Objectives and methods In this study we investigate the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 by immunohistochemistry in skin and mucosa lesions from patients with the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis, evaluated before and at day 20 of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes was also studied by enzyme immunoassay.Results Intense immunostaining for TNF-alpha was detected in mononuclear cells that infiltrated granulomas in all skin and mucosa lesions before treatment simultaneously with low IL-10 granular deposits in these cells. At day 20 of treatment, there was reduced TNF-alpha and IL-10 deposition. Immunoreactive TGF-beta 1 was observed diffusely in the dermis and generally in the cytoplasm of macrophages and giant cells, before treatment, and as increased TGF-beta 1 deposits in the fibrosis area at day 20 of treatment. Peripheral blood monocytes from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, evaluated before treatment, produced high endogenous levels of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta 1 and IL-10 in relation to healthy controls. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes from patients secreted lower levels of TNF-alpha in both periods of evaluation while no impairment in capacity of IL-10 and TGF-beta production was observed.Conclusions Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy was effective in decreasing fungal load in the lesions, allowing patient immune response to control the infection leading to the healing of the lesions.

Estudos sedimentológicos e o contexto estrutural da formação Serra do Martins, nos platôs de Portalegre, Martins e Santana/RN

This dissertation deals with sedimentological and structural framework of the siliciclastic rock of the Serra do Martins Formation (FSM) in the Portalegre, Martins and Santana plateau, located to the south of Potiguar Basin, in the southwest and central Rio Grande do Norte state. This formation, regarded as of Oligo-Miocene age based on intrusive relations of the Miocene Macau volcanics, has a still disputable age due to the lack of appropriate bio and/or chronostratigraphic markers. The FSSM deposits crop out along 650 to 750 m high plateau, as a remanescent sedimentary cover directly overlying topographically uplifted pre-cambrian crystalline rocks. During the last decades, these deposits were interpreted according to a Tertiary paleoclimatic evolutionary model, associated to pedogenetic processes. The sedimentological characterization of the FSM was done through a detailed study of its facies, petrography and diagenetic features. The facies study was based on description of field relations, textures and structures, the piling up of the strata and their lateral variations. The FSM was deposited by an anastomosing to coarse-meandering fluvial system, including deposits of lag, cannel-fill, ouver-bank and flood plain. The petrographic composition of the sediments, coupled to their facies and paleocurrent directions, suggest a rather distal sourcearea, to the south of the present plateau. The diagenetic study identified an incipient grain mechanical compaction, pronounced dissolution of the framework, matrix and/or cement components, intense precipitation of kaolinite, silic and, eventually, iron oxides, besides mechanical infiltration of the clays. Most of these events, regarded in the literature as associated to near-surface conditions (eo or telodiagenesis), indicate the FSM sediments were never deeply buried. Topographic relations along longitudinal and transversal sections reaching the Potiguar Basin to the north identified regional dips that allow to discuss stratigraphic correlations between the FSM and the basin formations. The sedimentological features of the different units and the intrusive relations of the Macau volcanics were also considered in these correlations,which support the Oligo-Miocene age previously accepted for the FSM. Concerning the tectonic framework of the FSM, this work investigated the pre-cambrian to cretaceous heritage and the cenozoic deformation, allowing the recognition of pre-, sin and post-FSM structures. The crystalline basement, belonging to the Seridó Belt, displays NE and WNW foliation trends related to the Brasiliano-age ductile shear zones. In this terrain, brittle-ductile and brittle NE- and NW-trending structures, associated with extensional joints filled with pegmatites and quartz veins, are related to an E-W compression by the end of Brasiliano Cycle. The E-W joints and NE-trending fractures were reactivated by N-S to N-S to NW extension during late Jurassic to Cretaceous times, controlling the emplacement of the Rio Ceará-Mirim basic dyke swarm and the opening of the Potiguar rift basin

Influence of glycemic control on fetal lung maturity in gestations affected by diabetes or mild hyperglycemia

Objective. To evaluate the influence of glycemic control on fetal lung maturity in pregnancies affected by diabetes or mild hyperglycemia. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Level III maternity center. Population. A total of 187 pregnant women were submitted to routine amniocentesis for the assessment of fetal lung maturity up to 72 hours before delivery. Methods. Fetal lung maturity thresholds were: Clements-positive at a dilution of 0.5; OD(650) nm >= 0.15; and lamellar body count (LBC) >= 32,000/mu l. The relation of test results with adequate (<= 6.7 mmol/l) or poor (> 6.7 mmol/l) glycemic mean (GM) at term and at preterm was evaluated. Main outcome measure. Delay in fetal lung maturity when glycemic control was poor. Results. Glycemic control was adequate in 146 (78.1%) women. Clements maturity rates were higher at term (91.9%) than at preterm (64.7%) when GM <= 6.7 mmol/l (p < 0.001), but not when control was inadequate. LBC median was higher at term (99.0; 62.0-154.0) than at preterm (66.5; 40.5-108.25) (p = 0.009) when GM <= 6.7 mmol/l, while GM > 6.7 mmol/l did not lead to any difference between these rates at term or preterm. When glycemic control was adequate, OD(650) nm medians at term and at preterm were similar. However, when GM > 6.7 mmol/l, OD(650) nm median at term (0.29; 0.22-0.40) was higher than that observed at preterm (0.15; 0.12-0.18) (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Our results suggest that in term pregnancies routine amniocentesis for the assessment of fetal lung maturity should be abandoned. In preterm pregnancies, or when glycemic control is inadequate it is recommended.

Fator necrosante citotóxico em Escherichia coli isolada de mastite clínica bovina

This report describes the production of cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) by an Escherichia coli strain isolated from clinical bovine mastitis with clinical signs of toxemia The animal had hemorrhages and necrosis of the mammary glands, and died within 24 hours after the onset of clinical signs. In addition to CNF identification, alpha-haemolysin and siderophores production were also characterized in this strain. This report reinforce the association of CNF and alpha-haemolysin production in E. coli virulence associated with clinical cases of severe bovine mastitis.

Energy and amino acid content in phase 1 nursery diet: piglet performance and body chemical composition

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da densidade de energia metabolizável (EM) e lisina digestível (LIS) sobre o desempenho e a composição corporal de leitões após o desmame. Utilizaram-se 114 animais desmamados aos 7,4 ± 0,80 kg; desses animais, 108 foram alojados na unidade de creche e 6 foram abatidos no dia do desmame para determinação dos dados comparativos da composição química corporal. Seis densidades de nutrientes foram estipuladas a partir de estudo anterior, com base na maior retenção de nitrogênio, mantendo-se as seguintes relações EM:LIS nas dietas experimentais: 3.390:1,291; 3.450:1,409; 3.650:1,411; 3.780:1,461; 3.940:1,507; e 4.109 kcal/kg EM:1,564% LIS. As dietas experimentais foram oferecidas durante 13 dias, quando os leitões atingiram o peso de 12,986 ± 1,449 kg. Avaliaram-se os prováveis efeitos residuais da densidade nutricional no desempenho subseqüente dos leitões. Ao término da fase inicial-1, seis leitões de cada densidade foram abatidos para determinação da composição química nas frações corporais e no corpo vazio. Não houve influência significativa dos níveis nutricionais no desempenho dos leitões ao término da avaliação. Os resultados de conversão alimentar e composição corporal ratificam o nível indicado em estudo anterior, de 4 g LIS/Mcal. O aumento da densidade de energia e lisina confirma a necessidade da correta relação entre ambos para assegurar o melhor desempenho dos leitões na fase inicial de crescimento.

Analysis of the healing process in delayed tooth replantation after root canal filling with calcium hydroxide, Sealapex and Endofill: a microscopic study in rats

The major concern in the therapeutics of tooth replantation refers to the occurrence of root resorption and different approaches have been proposed to prevent or treat these complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tissue response to delayed replantation of anterior rat teeth treated endodontically using calcium hydroxide, Sealapex, and Endofill without the placement of gutta-percha cones. Thirty rats had their right upper incisor extracted and maintained in dry storage for 60 min. After removal of the dental papilla, enamel organ, pulp tissue, and periodontal ligament remnants, the teeth were immersed in 2% sodium fluoride phosphate acidulated, pH 5.5, for 10 min. The root canals were dried with absorbent paper points and the teeth were assigned to three groups (n = 10) according to the filling material. Group I - calcium hydroxide and propyleneglycol paste, Group II - Sealapex, and Group III - Endofill. The sockets were irrigated with saline and the teeth were replanted. Replacement resorption, inflammatory resorption and ankylosis were observed in all groups. Although the occurrence of inflammatory resorption was less frequent in Group I, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups. It may be concluded that compared to the paste, filling the root canals with Sealapex and Endofill sealers without the placement of gutta-percha cones did not provide better results.

Finite Element Analysis to Compare Complete Denture and Implant-Retained Overdentures With Different Attachment Systems

This finite element analysis compared stress distribution on complete dentures and implant-retained overdentures with different attachment systems. Four models of edentulous mandible were constructed: group A (control), complete denture; group B, overdenture retained by 2 splinted implants with bar-clip system; group C, overdenture retained by 2 unsplinted implants with o'ring system; and group D, overdenture retained by 2 splinted implants with bar-clip and 2 distally placed o'ring system. Evaluation was performed on Ansys software, with 100-N vertical load applied on central incisive teeth. The lowest maximum general stress value (in megapascal) was observed in group A (64.305) followed by groups C (119.006), D (258.650), and B (349.873). The same trend occurred it) supporting tissues with the highest stress value for cortical bone. Unsplinted implants associated with the o'ring attachment system showed the lowest maximum stress values among all overdenture groups. Furthermore, o'ring system also improved stress distribution when associated with bar-clip system.

Influence of Different Ceramics on Resin Cement Knoop Hardness Number

This study evaluated: 1) the effect of different ceramics on light attenuation that could affect microhardness, measured as the Knoop Hardness Number (KHN), of a resin cement immediately and 24 hours after polymerization and 2) the effect of different activation modes (direct light-activation, light activation through ceramics and chemical activation) on the KHN of a resin cement.Resin cement Rely X ARC (3M ESPE) specimens 5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 nun thick were made in a Teflon mold covered with a polyester film. The cement was directly light activated for 40 seconds with an XL 2500 curing unit (3M ESPE) with 650 mW/cm(2), light activated through ceramic discs of Duceram Plus (DeguDent), Cergogold (DeguDent), IPS Empress (Ivoclar), IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar), Procera. (NobelBiocare), In Ceram Alumina (Vita) and Cercon (DeguDent), having a 1.2 mm thickness or chemically activated without light application. The resin cement specimens were flattened, and KHN was obtained using an HMV 2 microhardness tester (Shimadzu) with a load of 50 g applied for 15 seconds 100 pin from the irradiated surface immediately and after storage at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Ten measurements were made for each specimen, with three specimens for each group at each time. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p=0.05). The KHN of the resin cement was not only affected by the mode of activation, but also by the post-activation testing time. The mean KHN of the resin cement for chemical activation and through all ceramics showed statistically significant lower values compared to direct activation immediately and at 24 hours. The KHN for 24 hours post-activation was always superior to the immediate post-activation test except with direct activation. The most opaque ceramics resulted in the lowest KHN values.

Microwave Denture Disinfection Versus Nystatin in Treating Patients with Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes and Denture Stomatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effectiveness of microwave disinfection of complete dentures on the treatment of Candida-related denture stomatitis

The effectiveness of microwave disinfection of maxillary complete dentures on the treatment of Candida-related denture stomatitis was evaluated. Patients (n = 60) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of 15 subjects each; Control group: patients performed the routine denture care; Mw group: patients had their upper denture microwaved (650 W per 6 min) three times per week for 30 days; group MwMz: patients received the treatment of Mw group in conjunction with topical application of miconazole three times per day for 30 days; group Mz: patients received the antifungal therapy of group MwMz. Cytological smears and mycological cultures were taken from the dentures and the palates of all patients before treatment at day 15 and 30 of treatment and at follow-up (days 60 and 90). The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Microbial and clinical analysis of the control group demonstrated no significant decrease in the candidal infection over the clinical trial. Smears and cultures of palates and dentures of the groups Mw and MwMz exhibited absence of Candida at day 15 and 30 of treatment. on day 60 and 90, few mycelial forms were observed on 11 denture smears (36.6%) from groups Mw and MwMz, but not on the palatal smears. Miconazole (group Mz) neither caused significant reduction of palatal inflammation nor eradicated Candida from the dentures and palates. Microwaving dentures was effective for the treatment of denture stomatitis. The recurrence of Candida on microwaved dentures at follow-up was dramatically reduced.

Bacteria-derived hydrogen sulfide promotes IL-8 production from epithelial cells

Hydrogen Sulfide (H(2)S) a volatile Sulfur compound, is implicated as a cause of inflammation. especially when it is produced by bacteria colonizing gastrointestinal organs However, It IS Unclear if H(2)S produced by periodontal pathogens affects the inflammatory responses mediated by oral/gingival epithelial cells Therefore. the aims of this Study were (1) to compare the in vitro production of H(2)S among. 14 strains of Oral bacteria and (2) to evaluate the effects of H(2)S on inflammatory response induced in host oral/gingival epithelial cells Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produced the most H(2)S in Culture, Which, in turn resulted in the promotion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 from both gingival and Oral epithelial cells The up-regulation of IL-8 expression was reproduced by the exogenously applied H(2)S Furthermore. the Mutant Strains of Pg that do not produce major Soluble Virulent factors. ie gingival, still showed the Production of H(2)S. as well as the promotion of epithelial IL-8 production. which was abrogated by H(2)S scavenging reagents These results demonstrated that Pg produces a concentration of H(2)S capable of Up-regulating-IL-8 expression induced in gingival and oral epithelial cells, revealing a possible mechanism that may promote the inflammation in periodontal disease (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Denture disinfection by microwave irradiation: A randomized clinical study

Processo FAPESP: 05/02384-4

Influence of microwave disinfection on the dimensional stability of intact and relined acrylic resin denture bases

Statement of problem. Microwave irradiation has been suggested as a method to disinfect denture bases. However, the effect of microwave heating on the dimensional stability of the relined denture bases is unknown.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of intact and relined acrylic resin denture bases after microwave disinfection.Material and methods. A standard brass cast simulating an edentulous maxillary arch was machined and used to fabricate 2- and 4-mm-thick denture bases (n=200), which were processed with heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550). The 2-mm thick-specimens (n=160) were relined with 2 mm of autopolymerizing resin (Tokuso Rebase Fast, Ufi Gel Hard, Kooliner, or New Truliner). Distances between 5 removable pins on the standard brass cast were measured with a Nikon optical comparator, and the area (mm(2)) formed by the distance between 5 pins was calculated and served as baseline. During fabrication, the pins were transferred to the intaglio surface of the specimens. Differences between the baseline area and those subsequently determined for the specimens were used to calculate the percent dimensional changes. The intact and relined denture bases were divided into 4 groups (n=10) and evaluated after: polymerization (control group P); 1 cycle of microwave disinfection (MW); daily microwave disinfection for 7 days (control group MW7); water storage for 7 days (WS7). Microwave irradiation was performed for 6 minutes at 650 W. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (alpha=.05).Results. Intact specimens and those relined with Kooliner and New Truliner showed increased shrinkage after 1 (P=.05, .018, and .001, respectively) and 7 (P <.001, .003, and <.001, respectively) cycles of microwave disinfection. With the exception of specimens relined with Kooliner, intact specimens showed greater shrinkage than the relined specimens after 7 cycles of microwave disinfection.Conclusions. Microwave disinfection produced increased shrinkage of intact specimens and those relined with New Truliner and Kooliner.

Effect of microwave disinfection on the hardness and adhesion of two resilient liners

Statement of problem. Microwave irradiation has been suggested for denture disinfection. However, the effect of this procedure on the hardness and bond strength between resilient liners and denture base acrylic resin is not known.Purpose. This study evaluated the effect of water storage time and microwave disinfection on the hardness and peel bond strength of 2 silicone resilient lining materials to a heat-polymerized acrylic resin.Material and methods. Acrylic resin (Lucitone 199) specimens (75 X 10 X 3 mm) were stored in water at 37 degrees C (2 or 30 days) before bonding (n = 160). The resilient lining materials (GC Reline Extra Soft and Dentusil) were bonded to the denture base and divided into the following 4 groups (n = 10): Tests performed immediately after bonding (control); specimens immersed in water (200 mL) and irradiated twice, with 650 W for 6 minutes; specimens irradiated daily for 7 total cycles of disinfection; specimens immersed in water (37 degrees C) for 7 days. Specimens were submitted to a 180-degree peel test (at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min) and the failure values (MPa) and mode of failure were recorded. Pretreatment and posttreatment hardness measurements (Shore A) of the resilient materials were also performed. Three-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey HSD test, was performed (alpha=.05).Results. The analysis revealed that, for all conditions, the mean failure strengths of GC Reline Extra Soft (0.95-1.19 MPa) were significantly higher (P<.001) than those of Dentusil (0.45-0.50 MPa). The adhesion of the liners was not adversely affected by water storage time of Lucitone 199 or microwave disinfection. All peel test failures were cohesive. There was a small but significant difference (P<.001) between the pretreatment (34.33 Shore A) and posttreatment (38.69 Shore A) hardness measurements.Conclusion. Microwave disinfection did not compromise the hardness of either resilient liners or their adhesion to the denture base resin Lucitone 199.