Anthelmintic efficacy of oral trichlorfon solution against ivermectin resistant nematode strains in cattle

Infected calves from two different rural estates in Brazil were studied to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of oral trichlorfon against naturally occurring ivermectin resistant parasitic nematode strains. In experiment 1, infected animals were from a region where ivermectin resistant populations of Haemoncus placei, Cooperia punctata,Cooperia spatulata and Trichuris discolor have recently been identified. Six calves with natural gastrointestinal nematode infections were treated with 48.5 mg/kg aqueous trichlorfon administered orally and six calves acted as a non-treated control group. In experiment 11 24 naturally infected calves were selected to enter one of four treatment groups, six animals each received: 48.5 mg/kg oral trichlorfon; 200 mu g/kg subcutaneous 1% ivermectin; 630 mu g/kg subcutaneous 3.15% ivermectin; or no treatment (control group). Gastrointestinal helminths were counted and identified post-mortem at 7 days (trichlorfon and 1% ivermectin treated and untreated animals) or 14 days (3.15% ivermectin treated and untreated animals) after administration of the test agents. Experiment I identified a high level efficacy for oral trichlorfon against four helminth species that have previously been shown to be ivermectin resistant in this geographical region: percentage efficacy was 99.82% against adult H. placei, 99.18% against C. punctata, 99.33% against C. spatulata, 81.06% against T. axei, 98.46% against Oesophagostomum radiatum and 100% against T. discolor. Trichlorfon also showed activity against the ivermectin (1% and 3.15%) resistant helminth species identified in experiment 11, attaining efficacy levels of 99.17% against H. placei, 98.46% against C punctata and 100.00% against T. discolor. These findings indicate that oral trichlorfon is an effective treatment option in the management of cattle infected with ivermectin resistant helminths. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas em algodoeiro de fibra colorida ‘BRS Safira’

This study aimed to determine the late-season presence of weeds in reddish brown cotton (cultivar BRS Safira) and the critical times for removing weeds. The experiment was carried out in the area of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) in Missao Velha-CE, Brazil, located at 7 degrees 42'07" S latitude and 39 degrees 24'18" WGr. longitude, during the 2007/2008 season. The treatments consisted of two control groups: weed-free crop during the initial period after crop emergency, and crop kept with weeds during initial period after plant emergency. Both consisted, 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 e 120 days after crop emergency (DAE), the weed community was evaluated by two phytosociological indices (relative dominance and relative importance). Regression analysis was performed as the model of sigmoidal Boltzman, using data from productivity separately within each type of competition, to identify the critical periods of competition, considering 2; 5 and 10% reduction in yield. The community of weeds was composed by 21 species, standing out among them: Richardia grandiflora, Amaranthus deflexus, Eleusine indica, Merremia aegyptia, Eragrotis pilosa, Cenchrus echinatus and Waltheria indica. Considering 2; 5 and 10% reduction in yield fiber as acceptable, the critical period before weed interference were, respectively, 8; 14 and 20 DAE. The critical period of weed interference, for those same levels of losses, were respectively, 100; 82 and 60 days.

Spatial variability of physical attributes of an alfisol under different hillslope curvatures

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos do Octopus insularis Cephalopodas: Octopodidae: implicações para o manejo da pesca de polvo no município de Rio de Fogo-RN

In northeastern Brazil, Octopus insularis is the most commercially important cephalopod species and its capture has been performed for several years by the lobster fishermen in the region. In order to obtain information about the reproductive biology, 1108 specimens were collected between November 2009 and September 2011 in the landings and fish markets of Rio do Fogo (RN). For each specimen the mantle length (CM) and total fresh weight (PT) were recorded. Gonads of 264 males and 295 females were examined macroscopically and histologically to assess sexual maturation and determine reproductive indices. Four reproductive stages were determined for males (immature, maturing, mature and post-mature) and females (immature, early maturing, late maturing and mature). The average of eggs recorded in the female s gonads was 93.820 and 39 was the average of spermatophores found in male Needham s complex. Spermathecae with sperm were found in females with 69 mm CM (immature). Males and females become sexually mature at 64.41 and 98.50 mm of CM, respectively. The weight at sexual maturity was 270 g for males and 630 g for females. The values of the size and weight at sexual maturity found in this study show that males mature at smaller sizes than females. For both sexes the maturation peaks occurred in February and November 2010 and also in September 2011. The periods of maximum reproductive activity lasted about 3 months and it seems to occur every 7 10 months. Only one spent female (stage V) was found and the number of mature females was low. Presumably, mature females migrate to deep waters with complex habitat to protect the offspring, indicating that fishery by snorkeling with maximum depth of 15 meters is not reaches this part of the stock. Finally, it is noticeable the importance of the establishment of management strategies for the exploitation of O. insularis different of the ones used for O. vulgaris, once the species have distinct biological features

Enhanced solubilization of iron and calcium phosphates by Aspergillus niger by the addition of alcohols

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diversidade genética entre progênies e matrizes de rambutan

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development of a scar marker for Pierce's Disease strains of Xylella fastidiosa

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um oligonucleotídeo iniciador para reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) específico para as estirpes de Xylella fastidiosa que causam o mal de Pierce (PD) em videira (Vitis vinifera). Amplificações de DNA de 23 diferentes hospedeiros, usando o conjunto de oligonucleotídeos REP1-R (5'-IIIICGICGIATCCIGGC-3') e REP 2 (5'-ICGICTTATCI GGCCTAC-3') utilizando o programa: 94 ºC/2 min; 35 X (94 ºC/1 min, 45 ºC/1 min; 72 ºC/1 min and 30 s) 72 ºC/5 min, produziu um fragmento de 630 pb que diferenciou as estirpes de videiras dos demais. Entretanto, padrões de bandeamento REP não são considerados confiáveis para detecção devido ao par de oligonucleotídeos REP 1 e REP 2 corresponderem a seqüências repetitivas encontradas por todo o genoma bacteriano. Desse modo, o produto amplificado de 630 pb foi eluído do gel de agarose, purificado e seqüenciado. A informação da seqüência nucleotídica foi usada para identificar e sintetizar um oligonucleotídeo específico para o isolado de X. fastidiosa causadora do mal de Pierce denominado Xf-1 (5'-CGGGGGTGTAGGAGGGGTTGT-3'), que foi utilizado juntamente com o oligonucleotídeo REP-2 nas condições 94 ºC/2 min; 35 X (94 ºC/1 min, 62 ºC/1 min; 72 ºC/1 min and 30 s) 72 ºC/10 min. Os DNAs das estirpes de X. fastidiosa de outros hospedeiros [amêndoa (Prumus amygdalus), citros (Citrus spp.), café (Coffea arabica), olmo (Ulmus americana), amora (Morus rubra), carvalho (Quercus rubra), vinca (Catharantus roseus), ameixa (Prunus salicina) e ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)] e de bactérias Gram negativas e positivas foram submetidos a amplificação com o conjunto de oligonucleotídeos Xf-1/REP 2. Um fragmento, de aproximadamente 350 pb, foi amplificado apenas com o DNA de X. fastidiosa isolada de videira.

Test-day milk yield as a selection criterion for dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis Artiodactyla, Bovidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparações entre os valores genéticos para características de crescimento de bovinos da raça Nelore preditos com modelos de dimensão finita ou infinita

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Nota sobre a biologia de "Microdon tigrinus" (Diptera: Syrphidae), parasito social de "Acromyrmex coronatus" (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The fly of the syrphid Microdon tigrinus is a specific social parasite of leaf-cutting ant, Acromyrmex coronatus. Six colonies of Acromyrmex coronatus were collected in plastic containers, which there was a layer of 1 cm of plaster, with the purpose of maintaining the humidity of fungus culture. Larvae of social parasite were separate for the establishment of instars number, through morphometric study. The data were measured of 165 larvae, using spiracle (length (Ls), width (Ws) and distance between spiracle (Ds)). After that, the morphometric data obtained for the larvae were submitted to cluster analysis by Wong's hybrid method, which produces the adequate number of groups through pseudo F-statistics and pseudo t-squared statistics. The three morphometric variables studied permitted grouping of larvae into the following three distinct groups: cluster 1 [long dash] consisting of 55 larvae (Ls=0.177[plus or minus]0.026, Ws=0.163[plus or minus]0.030, Ds=0.052[plus or minus]0.008 mm); cluster 2 - consisting of 20 larvae (Ls=0.631[plus or minus]0.065, Ws=0.630[plus or minus]0.049, Ds=0.065[plus or minus]0.018 mm); cluster 3 - consisting of 90 larvae (Ls=1.294[plus or minus]0.062, Ws=1.308[plus or minus]0.069, Ds=0.140[plus or minus]0.018 mm). of the all couples, only 1 obtained success in the mating, and the female, after 24 hours, began the oviposition. The female layed 76 eggs in a period of 6 days, after that, her death. The larvae emerged in the seventh day (incubation period [plus or minus] 7 days). From 76 eggs, 54 were viable, with a viability of 71.05%. This study contributes to the knowledge of Microdon tigrinus biology of, a social parasite poorly studied in Brazil.

Importância do fluxo de massa e difusão no suprimento de potássio ao algodoeiro como variável de água e potássio no solo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Degradação luminosa e retenção foliar dos corantes azul brilhante FDC-1 e amarelo tartrasina FDC-5 utilizados como traçadores em pulverizações

Três estudos foram conduzidos no Núcleo de Pesquisas Avançadas em Matologia (NUPAM) pertencente à UNESP/FCA - campus de Botucatu-SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade dos corantes Azul Brilhante FDC-1 e Amarelo Tartrasina FDC-5 quanto a diferentes períodos de exposição à luz solar e contato com folhas de Eichhornia crassipes. No primeiro estudo, soluções de 0,3125, 0,625, 1,25, 2,5, 5, 10 e 20 ppm dos corantes Azul Brilhante FDC-1 e Amarelo Tartrasina FDC-5 foram acondicionadas em tubos de quartzo hermeticamente fechados e submetidos a 0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4, 6 e 10 horas de exposição à luz solar e ao escuro. Ao final de cada período, amostras de 10 mL foram retiradas dos tubos e analisadas. No segundo estudo, os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema fatorial 2x7: duas condições luminosas (escuro e pleno sol) e sete períodos de exposição (0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4, 6 e 10 horas), com seis repetições. Com o auxílio de micropipeta, oito gotas de 5 µL das soluções Azul Brilhante e Amarelo Tartrasina a 4.000 ppm foram depositadas em placas de Petri de vidro. Após o término dos períodos de exposição, as placas foram lavadas com 50 mL de água destilada, com o objetivo de extrair o corante depositado sobre elas. No terceiro estudo, adotaram-se os mesmos tratamentos do segundo experimento, com quatro repetições, porém as soluções foram depositadas sobre as folhas de plantas de Eichhornia crassipes. Foram adotados também os mesmos procedimentos de extração dos corantes após o término dos períodos de exposição. As soluções finais obtidas nos três estudos foram submetidas à leitura óptica de absorbância em espectrofotômetro UV-visível nos comprimentos de onda de 630 e 427 nm, para os corantes Azul Brilhante FDC-1 e Amarelo Tartrasina FDC-5, respectivamente. As várias concentrações das soluções de ambos os corantes não sofreram degradação pela luz solar quando submetidas aos vários períodos de incidência luminosa nos tubos de quartzo (ambiente fechado), visto que as curvas de recuperação apresentaram equações semelhantes àquelas concentrações que foram mantidas no escuro. A mesma estabilidade também foi observada quando os corantes foram submetidos à luz solar em ambiente aberto, ou seja, nas placas de Petri. O corante Amarelo Tartrasina também se apresentou muito estável quando depositado sobre as folhas de E. crassipes, independentemente da exposição ou não à luz solar. Para o corante Azul Brilhante, ocorreram significativas perdas de 7,8 e 18,6% quando esteve depositado na superfície da folha de aguapé pelo período de 10 horas sob condições de escuro e plena luz solar, respectivamente.

EFFECT of TYPES of NOZZLES on SPRAY DEPOSITION on TWO SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN STAGE V3

The effect of application with different nozzle types and volume rates on spray deposition in the V3 stage of two soybean cultivars was evaluated. The experiments were conducted in the Facultad de Ciencias Agronomicas of the UNESP-Botucatu/SP. The nozzles evaluated were an air induced flat fan nozzle (Al 11015 at 150 L ha(-1), Al 11002 at 200 and 250 L ha(-1)), a twin flat fan nozzle (TJ 60 11002 at 150, 200 and 250 L ha(-1)), and a cone nozzle (TX 6 at 150 L ha(-1), TX 8 at 150 L ha(-1) and TX 10 at 250 L ha(-1)). To evaluate spray deposition on the plants, a tracer (Brilliant Blue FD&C-1) was added. The experimental design was random blocks with four replications. Deposition on plants was determined by absorbancy reading in 630 nm wavelength. The data were adjusted to a calibration curve and transformed into deposited spray volume in mL. The relationship deposition per unit of dry matter was adjusted to a regression curve (Gompertz model). In cultivar CD 208, the highest deposit was for the larger volumes and for the treatment TX 8 200 L ha(-1). The most uniform treatments were all the nozzles with the volume 150 L ha(-1) and the TJ60 nozzle for 200 1, ha(-1). In cultivar CD 216, the greatest spray depositions were achieved with the treatments Al at 200 and 250 L ha(-1) and TJ 60 at 250 L ha(-1), and the most uniform treatments were the TX 6 and TJ60 nozzles for the volume150 L ha(-1).

Cross-sectional association between healthy and unhealthy food habits and leisure physical activity in adolescents

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização farmacognóstica do jambolão (Syzypiam cumini (L.) Skeels)

A padronização de um fitoterápico é etapa imprescindível para garantia da qualidade de medicamentos contendo plantas medicinais. Objetivou-se padronizar Syzygiam cumini (L.) Skeels e para tanto se estabeleceram parametros tais como, avaliação morfoanatômica das folhas, morfológica das flores e dos frutos, avaliação granulométrica da droga rasurada (frutos), determinação da umidade, avaliação dos processos de secagem, determinação do teor de extrativos e do teor de taninos (monômeros e polimeros). O estudo anatômico das folhas revelou a inexistência de pêlos no sistema dérmico, assim como a ocorrência de glândulas secretoras, drusas, colênquima e esclerênquima. As flores são hermafroditas, com androceu polistêmone e gineceu com ovário ínfero, gamocarpelar, bilocular com placentação axial. Observou-se elevado teor extrativo (38,57%). O diâmetro médio de partícula dos frutos secos moídos ficou em 0,630 mm. O processo de secagem dos frutos influenciou o teor de taninos totais. O teor de taninos determinado ficou em 5,10% para monômeros e 11,30% para os polimeros.