Flota de arrastre de fondo de menor escala en la Región Tumbes

Los problemas críticos de la pesquería de arrastre de menor escala, son las capturas de ejemplares juveniles, alta presencia de descartes, pesca incidental o accesoria y conflictos con los pescadores artesanales que usan redes de enmalle cortineras. En toda la zona de estudio, los índices de captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE) fue 142,4 kg/h y 477,5 kg/lance, bycatch por unidad de esfuerzo (BPUE) fue 27,2 kg/h y 91,1 kg/lance. Los mayores CPUE fueron en la zona sur dentro de las 5 mn con 199,0 kg/h y 617,8 kg/lance. La composición de la captura relativa al peso estuvo dominada por el falso volador (Prionotus stephanophrys, 24,6%) y carajito (Diplectrum conceptione, 21,4%). Las especies incidentales más importantes fueron espejo (Selene peruviana, 9,8%), bereche (Larimus pacificus, 9,3%), cachema (Cynoscion analis, 4,0%), chiri (Peprilus medius, 2,9%), lenguado de boca chica (Etropus ectenes, 2,5%), doncella (Hemanthias peruanus, 2,1%). El descarte fue 19,1% de la captura, los principales recursos fueron merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus, 39,1%), lengüeta (Symphurus sechurae, 10,9%), morena (Muraena clepsidra, 4,9%), pez hojita (Chloroscombrus orqueta, 4,8%), otras especies 31,5% (incluyendo restos de peces y equinodermos). El índice de impacto al ecosistema marino fue de 3,7 (1: no favorable al 10: favorable). Por lo que es un arte de pesca no amigable con el ecosistema marino que no debe usarse dentro del área costera

The trail making test as a screening instrument for driving performance in older drivers; a translational research.

BACKGROUND: In many countries, primary care physicians determine whether or not older drivers are fit to drive. Little, however, is known regarding the effects of cognitive decline on driving performance and the means to detect it. This study explores to what extent the trail making test (TMT) can provide indications to clinicians about their older patients' on-road driving performance in the context of cognitive decline. METHODS: This translational study was nested within a cohort study and an exploratory psychophysics study. The target population of interest was constituted of older drivers in the absence of important cognitive or physical disorders. We therefore recruited and tested 404 home-dwelling drivers, aged 70 years or more and in possession of valid drivers' licenses, who volunteered to participate in a driving refresher course. Forty-five drivers also agreed to undergo further testing at our lab. On-road driving performance was evaluated by instructors during a 45 minute validated open-road circuit. Drivers were classified as either being excellent, good, moderate, or poor depending on their score on a standardized evaluation of on-road driving performance. RESULTS: The area under the receiver operator curve for detecting poorly performing drivers was 0.668 (CI95% 0.558 to 0.778) for the TMT-A, and 0.662 (CI95% 0.542 to 0.783) for the TMT-B. TMT was related to contrast sensitivity, motion direction, orientation discrimination, working memory, verbal fluency, and literacy. Older patients with a TMT-A ≥ 54 seconds or a TMT-B ≥ 150 seconds have a threefold (CI95% 1.3 to 7.0) increased risk of performing poorly during the on-road evaluation. TMT had a sensitivity of 63.6%, a specificity of 64.9%, a positive predictive value of 9.5%, and a negative predictive value of 96.9%. CONCLUSION: In screening settings, the TMT would have clinicians uselessly consider driving cessation in nine drivers out of ten. Given the important negative impact this could have on older drivers, this study confirms the TMT not to be specific enough for clinicians to justify driving cessation without complementary investigations on driving behaviors.

Structures et pratiques économiques dans l'oeuvre d'Émile Zola, l'exemple de Germinal

Fer de lance du naturalisme, Émile Zola a construit chacun de ses romans avec un souci remarquable du détail. Germinal (1885), treizième opus des Rougon-Macquart, n'échappe pas à cette règle. La description que Zola réalise des mines de Montsou et de ses habitants se fonde sur un vaste travail préparatoire mené sur le terrain, et à travers de nombreuses lectures, dont certaines de nature économique. Bien que Zola n'ait pas cherché à inscrire son travail dans le champ de l'économie politique, son interprétation des structures et pratiques économiques dans Germinal constitue à la fois le témoignage d'un écrivain singulier sur l'univers minier de la deuxième partie du XIXe siècle, et une source presque historique des réalités d'un monde aujourd'hui disparu. Cette contribution met en évidence la manière dont Zola a transcrit, dans son ouvrage, le fruit de ses modestes recherches économiques sur l'industrie minière. Elle confronte récit zolien et théorie économique dans le champ des ressources naturelles et dans celui des rapports entre crise et activité minière.

Igneous garnet and amphibole fractionation in the roots of island arcs: experimental constraints on andesitic liquids

To evaluate the role of garnet and amphibole fractionation at conditions relevant for the crystallization of magmas in the roots of island arcs, a series of experiments were performed on a synthetic andesite at conditions ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 GPa, 800-1,000 degrees C and variable H2O contents. At water undersaturated conditions and fO(2) established around QFM, garnet has a wide stability field. At 1.2 GPa garnet ? amphibole are the high-temperature liquidus phases followed by plagioclase at lower temperature. Clinopyroxene reaches its maximal stability at H2O-contents <= 9 wt% at 950 degrees C and is replaced by amphibole at lower temperature. The slopes of the plagioclase-in boundaries are moderately negative in T-XH2O space. At 0.8 GPa, garnet is stable at magmatic H2O contents exceeding 8 wt% and is replaced by spinel at decreasing dissolved H2O. The liquids formed by crystallization evolve through continuous silica increase from andesite to dacite and rhyolite for the 1.2 GPa series, but show substantial enrichment in FeO/MgO for the 0.8 GPa series related to the contrasting roles of garnet and amphibole in fractionating Fe-Mg in derivative liquids. Our experiments indicate that the stability of igneous garnet increases with increasing dissolved H2O in silicate liquids and is thus likely to affect trace element compositions of H2O-rich derivative arc volcanic rocks by fractionation. Garnet-controlled trace element ratios cannot be used as a proxy

Point defects and texture of Pd1-xInx sputtered intermetallic thin films

Pd1-xInx thin films (0.4 < x < 0.56) were prepared by radio frequency sputtering from a multi-zone target. The properties of these Hume-Rothery alloys were studied by X-ray diffractometry, electron probe microanalysis and scanning tunneling microscopy. The diffraction spectra were analyzed to obtain the intensity ratio of the (100) superlattice line to the (200) normal line, together with the variations of the lattice constant. The results ape explained quantitatively by a model based on point defects, i.e. Pd vacancies in In-rich films and Pd antisite atoms in Pd-rich films. In-rich films grow preferentially in the [100] direction while Pd-rich films grow preferentially in the [110] direction. The grains in indium-rich sputtered films appear to be enclosed in an atomically thick, indium-rich layer. The role of texture and the influence of point defects on electrical resistivity is also reported. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited.

Lung cancer in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: role of smoking, immunodeficiency and pulmonary infection.

BACKGROUND: Immunodeficiency and AIDS-related pulmonary infections have been suggested as independent causes of lung cancer among HIV-infected persons, in addition to smoking. METHODS: A total of 68 lung cancers were identified in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) or through linkage with Swiss Cancer Registries (1985-2010), and were individually matched to 337 controls by centre, gender, HIV-transmission category, age and calendar period. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 96.2% of lung cancers and 72.9% of controls were ever smokers, confirming the high prevalence of smoking and its strong association with lung cancer (OR for current vs never=14.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.36-62.1). No significant associations were observed between CD4+ cell count and lung cancer, neither when measured within 1 year (OR for <200 vs ≥500=1.21, 95% CI: 0.49-2.96) nor further back in time, before lung cancer diagnosis. Combined antiretroviral therapy was not significantly associated with lung cancer (OR for ever vs never=0.67, 95% CI: 0.29-1.52), and nor was a history of AIDS with (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.19-1.28) or without (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.24-1.18) pulmonary involvement. CONCLUSION: Lung cancer in the SHCS does not seem to be clearly associated with immunodeficiency or AIDS-related pulmonary disease, but seems to be attributable to heavy smoking.

Les Uniformes de l'armée allemande. Planches coloriées avec texte et explications...

Ancien possesseur : Ridder, Gustave de (1861-1945)

Papillome hyperkératosique de la paupière. A propos d'une observation anatomo-clinique [Hyperkeratosis papilloma of the eyelid. An anatomic clinical case].

A clinicopathologic case of an 80-year-old male patient with a single cutaneous tumor on the upper part of the left eyelid is reported. It was a grayish and pigmented mass covered with a thick keratin layer, well circumscribed, and exophytic. After surgical removal, histopathology showed that the tumor had a papillomatous pattern and was growing under a thick layer of hyperkeratosis. It was a typical squamous cell papilloma. This tumor belongs to the benign eyelid tumor group and can be found on the eyelids of elderly people.

Epidemiology of uveitis in Switzerland.

During the period from January 1990 to December 1993, 558 new patients (250 female and 308 male, mean age 44 years; range 5-92) were seen at the Uveitis Clinic of the Hopital Jules Gonin. These 558 patients (740 eyes) were subdivided into anterior uveitis (343 patients-61%), intermediate uveitis (57 patients-10%), posterior uveitis (118 patients-21 %) and panuveitis (40 patients-7%). The incidence of uveitis for the referral area considered was calculated to be 17.5 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. A specific diagnosis was found in 386 cases (69%). The most frequently diagnosed entities were HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (89 cases-15.9%), uveitis associated with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus (54 cases-9.7%), toxoplasmosis (53 cases-9.5%), sarcoidosis (33 cases-5.9%), typical pars planitis (31 cases-5.6%), Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (30 cases-5.4%), herpetic anterior uveitis (23 cases-4.1 %) and acute retinal necrosis (13 cases-2.3%). Incidence and distribution of most disease entities correspond to those of other European and American series.

Does partisan alignment affect the electoral reward of intergovernmental transfers?

[spa] En este trabajo analizamos la hipótesis que las transferencias asignadas a los municipios políticamente alineados generan un mayor apoyo político que las transferencias asignada a los municipios gobernados por la oposición. Para contrastar esta hipótesis utilizamos datos de las transferencias recibidas por 617 municipios españoles procedentes de dos niveles de gobierno superiores (Regional o Autonómico y Supra-Local o Diputaciones) durante el período 1993-2003, así como datos de los votos obtenidos en las tres elecciones celebradas en los diferentes niveles de gobierno durante este período.

Descriptive epidemiology of Cornelia de Lange syndrome in Europe.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome consisting of characteristic dysmorphic features, microcephaly, hypertrichosis, upper limb defects, growth retardation, developmental delay, and a variety of associated malformations. We present a population-based epidemiological study of the classical form of CdLS. The data were extracted from the database of European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) database, a European network of birth defect registries which follow a standard methodology. Based on 23 years of epidemiologic monitoring (8,558,346 births in the 1980-2002 period), we found the prevalence of the classical form of CdLS to be 1.24/100,000 births or 1:81,000 births and estimated the overall CdLS prevalence at 1.6-2.2/100,000. Live born children accounted for 91.5% (97/106) of cases, fetal deaths 2.8% (3/106), and terminations of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis 5.7% (6/106). The most frequent associated congenital malformations were limb defects (73.1%), congenital heart defects (45.6%), central nervous system malformations (40.2%), and cleft palate (21.7%). In the last 11 years, as much as 68% of cases with major malformations were not detected by routine prenatal US. Live born infants with CdLS have a high first week survival (91.4%). All patients were sporadic. Maternal and paternal age did not seem to be risk factors for CdLS. Almost 70% of patients, born after the 37th week of gestation, weighed <or=2,500 g. Low birth weight correlated with a more severe phenotype. Severe limb anomalies were significantly more often present in males.