El ictioplancton frente al litoral peruano a fines del otoño de 1998. Cruceros BIC BIC José Olaya Balandra 9805-06 de Tacna a Máncora

A fines de otoño de 1998 en el ictioplancton frente a la costa peruana se determinó la presencia de 22 taxa hasta nivel de especie, 9 hasta nivel de género, 9 a nivel de familia y 1 a nivel de orden. Los grupos más importantes en su frecuencia de ocurrencia fueron las larvas de Diogenichthys laternatus (37,8%), las larvas de Vinciguerria luceti (36,7%), y las larvas de Bregmaceros bathymaster (35,6%), huevos de anchoveta (31,1%) y larvas de anchoveta (26,7%). Se observó que los huevos de anchoveta estuvieron distribuidos entre Pimentel e Ilo con abundaNcias entre 3 y 2157 huevos/m2 con un solo foco de concentración mayor a 1000 huevos en la frontera sur. Las larvas presentaron menores abundancias entre 3 y 168 larvas/m2 y distribuidas entre Pimentel y Salaverry y entre Cerro Azul y la frontera sur. Los huevos de sardina se distribuyeron entre Pimentel y Callao con abundancias entre 3 y 5.016 huevos/m2, mientras que las larvas presentaron una menor extensión, ubicándose entre Pimentel y Huarmey con abundancias entre 3 y 3.510 larvas/m2.

Tasavallan Presidentin uudenvuodenpuhe 1.1.1978

Puhe

La población de la merluza peruana durante el verano 2004. Crucero BIC Olaya 0401-02

El estudio se realizó por el método de área barrida, del 14 de enero al 7 de febrero 2004, en el área comprendida entre el límite norte del dominio marítimo peruano y los 7°30’S, abarcó 5593 mn2 y profundidades de 20 y 280 bz. La biomasa total estimada de la merluza fue de 198.028 t ±37% (1588 millones de individuos), concentrados principalmente en el estrato II (91-182 m) de las subáreas C (5-6°S) y D (6-7°S). La composición de la población, referida a los grupos de edad fue: 94% individuos de 1 y 2 años de edad; 5% el grupo de 3 años; y 1% los grupos entre 4 y 8 años. La biomasa reproductora fue de 159.678 t, cuyo 72% fueron merluzas de la edad 2; el 17% merluza de edad 3, y el 5% por merluzas mayores a 3 años. Los principales indicadores poblacionales manifestaron: (a) un incremento en los valores de biomasa total, (b) la mejora en la amplitud geográfica de distribución de merluza, (c) presencia de importantes reclutamientos sucesivos, en medio de factores ambientales favorables, creando un panorama alentador para la recuperación poblacional de esta especie.

Liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies reduce the CYP2D6 activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Liver kidney microsomal type 1 (LKM-1) antibodies have been shown to decrease the CYP2D6 activity in vitro and are present in a minority of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. We investigated whether LKM-1 antibodies might reduce the CYP2D6 activity in vivo. All patients enrolled in the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study and tested for LKM-1 antibodies were assessed (n = 1723): 10 eligible patients were matched with patients without LKM-1 antibodies. Patients were genotyped for CYP2D6 variants to exclude individuals with a poor metabolizer genotype. CYP2D6 activity was measured by a specific substrate using the dextromethorphan/dextrorphan metabolic ratio to classify patients into four activity phenotypes. All patients had a CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer genotype. The observed phenotype was concordant with the CYP2D6 genotype in most LKM-negative patients, whereas only three LKM-1 positive patients had a concordant phenotype (six presented an intermediate and one a poor metabolizer phenotype). The median DEM/DOR ratio was sixfold higher in LKM-1 positive than in LKM-1 negative patients (0.096 vs. 0.016, P = 0.004), indicating that CYP2D6 metabolic function was significantly reduced in the presence of LKM-1 antibodies. In chronic hepatitis C patients with LKM-1 antibodies, the CYP2D6 metabolic activity was on average reduced by 80%. The impact of LKM-1 antibodies on CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism pathways warrants further translational studies.

Agonist-induced internalization and recycling of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in transfected fibroblasts and in insulinomas.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is the most potent stimulator of glucose-induced insulin secretion and its pancreatic beta-cell receptor is a member of a new subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors which includes the receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, secretin and glucagon. Here we studied agonist-induced GLP-1 receptor internalization in receptor-transfected Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts using three different approaches. First, iodinated GLP-1 bound at 4 degrees C to transfected cells was internalized with a t 1/2 of 2-3 min following warming up of the cells to 37 degrees C. Secondly, exposure to GLP-1 induced a shift in the distribution of the receptors from plasma membrane-enriched to endosomes-enriched membrane fractions, as assessed by Western blot detection of the receptors using specific antibodies. Thirdly, continuous exposure of GLP-1 receptor-expressing cells to iodinated GLP-1 led to a linear accumulation of peptide degradation products in the medium following a lag time of 20-30 min, indicating a continuous cycling of the receptor between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. Potassium depletion and hypertonicity inhibited transferrin endocytosis, a process known to occur via coated pit formation, as well as GLP-1 receptor endocytosis. In contrast to GLP-1, the antagonist exendin-(9-39) did not lead to receptor endocytosis. Surface re-expression following one round of GLP-1 receptor endocytosis occurred with a half-time of about 15 min. The difference in internalization and surface re-expression rates led to a progressive redistribution of the receptor in intracellular compartments upon continuous exposure to GLP-1. Finally, endogenous GLP-1 receptors expressed by insulinoma cells were also found to be internalized upon agonist binding. Together our data demonstrate that the GLP-1 receptor is internalized upon agonist binding by a route similar to that taken by single transmembrane segment receptors. The characterization of the pathway and kinetics of GLP-1-induced receptor endocytosis will be helpful towards understanding the role of internalization and recycling in the control of signal transduction by this receptor.

Comparative effects of GLP-1-(7-36) amide, oxyntomodulin and glucagon on rabbit gastric parietal cell function.

We have investigated in vitro, the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1-(7-36) amide), oxyntomodulin and glucagon on two rabbit parietal cell-enriched fractions (F3, F3n), with parietal cell contents of 60% and 88%, respectively. Histamine (10(-5) M) stimulated [14C]aminopyrine accumulation to an amount of 850% in excess of the basal level, whereas GLP-1-(7-36) amide (10(-7) M) and oxyntomodulin (10(-6) M) induced increases of 50% and 30%, respectively. With a histamine concentration of 10(-6) M, [14C]aminopyrine accumulation was stimulated to 498% in excess of the basal level; GLP-1-(7-36) amide (10(-7) M) and oxyntomodulin (10(-7) M) induced increases of 18% and 15%, respectively. With these parameters, oxyntomodulin[19-37] and glucagon were without effect. Specific binding of [125I]GLP-1-(7-36) amide to parietal cell plasma membranes was inhibited dose-dependently by GLP-1-(7-36) amide, oxyntomodulin and glucagon with inhibitory concentrations of 0.25 nM, 65 nM and 800 nM, respectively. No specific binding of [125I]oxyntomodulin or [125I]glucagon was detectable. GLP-1-(7-36) amide receptor mRNA was only detected in parietal cell-enriched fractions. GLP-1-(7-36) amide, oxyntomodulin and glucagon stimulated parietal cell cAMP production to similar maximal levels with median values close to 0.28 nM, 10.5 nM and 331.7 nM, whereas oxyntomodulin[19-37] had no effect. The maximal cAMP production induced by GLP-1-(7-36) amide, oxyntomodulin or glucagon was additive to that induced by histamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Friday Facts, September 18, 2009, Vol. 37

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

Brief DISCERN, six questions for the evaluation of evidence-based content of health-related websites.

OBJECTIVE: To extract and to validate a brief version of the DISCERN which could identify mental health-related websites with good content quality. METHOD: The present study is based on the analysis of data issued from six previous studies which used DISCERN and a standardized tool for the evaluation of content quality (evidence-based health information) of 388 mental health-related websites. After extracting the Brief DISCERN, several psychometric properties (content validity through a Factor analysis, internal consistency by the Cronbach's alpha index, predictive validity through the diagnostic tests, concurrent validity by the strength of association between the Brief DISCERN and the original DISCERN scores) were investigated to ascertain its general applicability. RESULTS: A Brief DISCERN composed of two factors and six items was extracted from the original 16 items version of the DISCERN. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were more than acceptable for the complete questionnaire (alpha=0.74) and for the two distinct domains: treatments information (alpha=0.87) and reliability (alpha=0.83). Sensibility and specificity of the Brief DISCERN cut-off score > or =16 in the detection of good content quality websites were 0.357 and 0.945, respectively. Its predictive positive and negative values were 0.98 and 0.83, respectively. A statistically significant linear correlation was found between the total scores of the Brief DISCERN and those of the original DISCERN (r=0.84 and p<0.0005). CONCLUSION: The Brief DISCERN seems to be a reliable and valid instrument able to discriminate between websites with good and poor content quality. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The Brief DISCERN is a simple tool which could facilitate the identification of good information on the web by patients and general consumers.