A catalogue of types of Conopoidea, Diopsoidea, Nerioidea and Tephritoidea (Diptera, Schizophora) in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo

A catalogue is provided with the type material of four superfamilies of "Acalyptrate" (Conopoidea, Diopsoidea, Nerioidea and Tephritoidea) held in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil. Concerning the taxa dealt with herein, the Diptera collection of MZUSP held 77 holotypes, 4 "allotypes" and 194 paratypes. In this paper, information about data labels, preservation and missing structures of the type specimens is given.

Informe sobre el estado de conocimiento y conservación de los mamíferos marinos en el Perú

Describe los aspectos más resaltantes relacionados con la situación de los mamíferos marinos y de aguas continentales en aguas peruanas (cetáceos, pinnípedos, sirénidos y musteélidos). A su vez, presenta información que ayuda a implementar y asegurar la conservación de las especies.

Gestão Administrativa e Financeira nas Escolas Secundárias – Estudo de Caso

O presente trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa sobre aplicabilidade da lei que regulamenta a Gestão Administrativa e Financeira nas escolas secundárias, realizada, com o intuito de conhecer melhor a sua aplicação, e contribuir para o seu sucesso. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo exploratório-descritivo e classifica-se como estudo de caso. Os seus resultados revelam que a gestão administrativa e financeira está se tornando cada vez mais um elemento imprescindível para o futuro das escolas públicas, principalmente num momento em que o modelo de gestão do sector público encontra-se exaurido e com acentuada escassez de recursos financeiros. Esse cenário exige que as escolas repensem a sua estrutura organizacional visando encurtar os caminhos do processo decisório, lento e moroso, incompatível com as necessidades actuais. A pesquisa descreve todo o ciclo da gestão administrativa e financeira, desde de elaboração e aprovação do orçamento que passa pela receita, despesas e sistema de controlo, escrituração contabilística, execução de orçamento, prestação de contas, e revela a percepção dos dirigentes e professores sobre a questão da autonomia administrativa e financeira das escolas públicas, no sentido de identificar as inconveniências e vantagens na aplicabilidade da lei na gestão administrativa. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a lei não é aplicada na íntegra como está legislada e que os procedimentos administrativos e financeiros não são cumpridos adequadamente.

Mémoire instructif sur la ville de Navarreins

Ancien possesseur : Argenson, Antoine-René de Voyer (1722-1787 ; marquis de Paulmy d')

Informe del crucero de evaluación acústica BIC/SNP-1, BIC/Humboldt 8805-07 y diagnóstico de la situación de los recursos pelágicos a julio 1988

Da a conocer los resultados del crucero de prospección acústico-pesquero y evaluación de los recursos pelágicos, efectuado por los buques de investigación científica del 11 de mayo al 13 de julio de 1988, en el área comprendida entre la frontera sur (Chile) a la frontera norte (Ecuador).

Rameau and Couperin harpsichord selections / Sylvia Marlowe, clav.

Comprend : Gavotte and variations in A minor / Rameau, comp. ; Sylvia Marlowe, clav. ; La poule / Rameau, comp. ; Sylvia Marlowe, clav. ; Les fastes de la grande et ancienne Ménestrandise / Couperin, comp. ; Sylvia Marlowe, clav. ; Le tic-toc choc / Couperin, comp. ; Sylvia Marlowe, clav.

Informe estadístico de los recursos hidrobiológicos de la pesca artesanal por especies, artes, meses y caletas durante el segundo semestre de 1999

Presentan los datos de desembarque de pesca artesanal, recopilados en 21 puntos, entre puertos y caletas a nivel nacional, durante el segundo semestre de 1999. Con ello, el proyecto Determinación del Potencial Pesquero Artesanal en el Litoral Peruano, mediante la ejecución del convenio VECEP-IMARPE, cumple con la sexta entrega de las estadísticas de desembarque de la pesquería artesanal peruana.

Atypical EPO profiles in anti-doping analyses

Résumé : Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone endogenously produced by the kidney, whose main physiological role is the stimulation of erythropoiesis. Since the beginning of the nineties, recombinant human EPO (rhEPO), a potent anti-anaemia treatment drug, has been manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. However, the erythropoiesis stimulating power of rhEPO was rapidly misused by unscrupulous athletes in order to improve their performances in endurance sports. Endogenous EPO has the same amino-acid backbone as most of recombinant forms; the molecules however differ through their respective glycosylation patterns. This difference constitutes the basis of the usual EPO screening test (IEF) developed in 2000 and still currently used in all anti-doping laboratories of the world. Nowadays, 3 EPO generations have been commercialized. The fight against EPO abuse is a continuous challenge for anti-doping laboratories. The diversity of recombinant EPO forms and the continuous development of new ones considerably confuse the identification of EPO doping. Several facets of this fight were investigated in this work. One of the limiting aspects of doping agents screening is the availability of positive samples. Therefore, 2nd and 3rd generation EPOS, namely NESP and C.E.R.A., were injected to healthy subjects in the frame of pilot clinical studies. These latter allowed to review the current EPO identification criteria defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in the case of NESP and to validate and implement a new assay targeting C.E.R.A. in human serum. Both studies resulted in the determination of the respective detection windows of NESP and C.E.R.A. in biological fluids. Following that, Dynepo, a 1st generation EPO presenting similarities with the endogenous form, was also in the centre of a similar clinical study. Our work aimed to overcome the actual identification criteria, which are not adapted to Dynpeo, and to propose an alternative pattern classification method based on the discriminant analysis of IEF EPO profiles. This method might be validated for other EPO forms in the future. The detection window of this molecule was also determined. Under particular conditions, confounding effects can complicate the identification of EPO in biological matrices. For example, athletes having performed a strenuous physical effort can excrete modified isoforms of endogenous EPO, making it very similar to some recombinant forms. Such phenomena, called effort urines, were reproduced under controlled conditions and, after characterization of effort EPO, an urinary biochemical marker was proposed to unequivocally identify effort urines. It also happens that EPO analyses fail to detect endogenous levels of EPO. Such profiles were thoroughly investigated and potential causes identified. Natural reasons relying on urine properties and test specificity were underlined, but the possible addition of adulterant agents in urine samples was also considered. Therefore, a simple biochemical assay targeting the suspected substances was set up. Our work was based on the characterization of atypical EPO profiles from different origins. Therefore, 3 EPO molecules representing the 3 generations of the drug and 2 confounding effects confusing the results interpretation were studied. These studies resulted in tangible applications for the laboratory, the best example of which being the C.E.R.A. assay, but also in scientific findings allowing to improve our comprehension of EPO doping in sport.

Venous cannula performance assessment in a realistic caval tree model.

OBJECTIVES: A new caval tree system was designed for realistic in vitro simulation. The objective of our study was to assess cannula performance for virtually wall-less versus standard percutaneous thin-walled venous cannulas in a setting of venous collapse in case of negative pressure. METHODS: For a collapsible caval model, a very flexible plastic material was selected, and a model with nine afferent veins was designed according to the anatomy of the vena cava. A flow bench was built including a lower reservoir holding the caval tree, built by taking into account the main afferent vessels and their flow provided by a reservoir 6 cm above. A cannula was inserted in this caval tree and connected to a centrifugal pump that, in turn, was connected to a reservoir positioned 83 cm above the second lower reservoir (after-load = 60 mmHg). Using the same pre-load, the simulated venous drainage for cardiopulmonary bypass was realized using a 24 F wall-less cannula (Smartcanula) and 25 F percutaneous cannula (Biomedicus), and stepwise increased augmentation (1500 RPM, 2000 and 2500 RPM) of venous drainage. RESULTS: For the thin wall and the wall-less cannulas, 36 pairs of flow and pressure measurements were realized for three different RPM values. The mean Q-values at 1500, 2000 and 2500 RPM were: 3.98 ± 0.01, 6.27 ± 0.02 and 9.81 ± 0.02 l/min for the wall-less cannula (P <0.0001), versus 2.74 ± 0.02, 3.06 ± 0.05, 6.78 ± 0.02 l/min for the thin-wall cannula (P <0.0001). The corresponding inlet pressure values were: -8.88 ± 0.01, -23.69 ± 0.81 and -70.22 ± 0.18 mmHg for the wall-less cannula (P <0.0001), versus -36.69 ± 1.88, -80.85 ± 1.71 and -101.83 ± 0.45 mmHg for the thin-wall cannula (P <0.0001). The thin-wall cannula showed mean Q-values 37% less and mean P values 26% more when compared with the wall-less cannula (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro water test was able to mimic a negative pressure situation, where the wall-less cannula design performs better compared with the traditional thin-wall cannula.