湖北省后河自然保护区的多孔菌(英文)

通过对湖北省后河自然保护区多孔菌调查采样,鉴定出隶属于31个属的62种多孔菌,并列出名录。全部种类均为该保护区首次报道。其中,苹果薄孔菌、白黄小薄孔菌、紧密蜡孔菌、干环褶孔菌、长囊锐孔菌、淡黄针层孔菌、淡黄裂孔菌、白干皮孔菌和薄皮干酪菌是该地区的常见种类。后河自然保护区多孔菌主要是世界广布种和温带种类,少数亚热带种类如亚拉巴马全缘孔菌、纸全缘孔菌和拟浅孔大孔菌等也有出现。

间伐对辽东山区长白落叶松人工林生境和更新的影响(英文)

为弄清间伐对落叶松人工林内环境因子,进而对落叶松林内天然更新的影响,在辽东山区对40年生落叶松人工林进行了5种不同强度的间伐试验(分别为0%、10%、20%、30%和40%)。间伐后,对环境因子和更新状况进行了观测。结果表明,林冠开阔度随间伐强度增大而增加,间伐后其林冠下光量子数量、地表平均温度、不同层次土壤平均含水量与空隙度大小成线形关系;落叶松人工林间伐一年内,更新树种丰富度没有显著变化,而更新密度和更新频度都明显增加(p<0.05)。更新树种数量增加与树种特性有关,增长幅度为阳性树种>耐荫树种。所有的更新树种中,对林冠开阔度变化响应最大的是黄波罗(Phellodendronamurense)。实验结果证实了辽东地区落叶松人工林间伐后,更新数量变化与周围保留的树种分布、树种特性和立地条件有关。图9表2参43。

a dynamic model to handle defect-oriented processes

Tongji Univ, Inst Dev Study, Syst Engn Soc China, Comm Syst Dynam, Syst Dynam Soc, China Chapter, Shanghai Inst Foreign Trade, Syst Dynam Soc, Chapters Asia Pacific Area

黄土高原坡地苹果园土壤肥力及矿质氮累积分析

采用田间取样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了黄土高原坡地苹果园肥力状况与矿质氮累积。结果表明,坡地苹果园土壤肥力低,氮、磷严重缺乏,钾相对丰富,土壤属于砂壤土,通气性强,保肥、保水性差。0—60cm土层土壤有机质含量为9.24～28.12g/kg,全氮为0.22～0.60g/kg,速效磷为0.17～16.08mg/kg,速效钾为80.06～168.39mg/kg;黄土高原坡地苹果园中NO3-—N有深层累积分布,累积深度大于2m,在180—200cm层最高累积量达249.61kg/hm2,而NH4+—N无深层累积。不同施肥处理对土壤剖面中的NH4+—N和NO3-—N含量分布影响不同,对NH4+—N含量和分布影响不明显,但不同施肥方式对NO3-—N含量分布影响显著。施加氮肥促进NO3-—N深层累积,施加磷肥有助于降低土层中的NO3-—N含量,缩小富集量的分布范围。

农田生态系统土壤有机碳库及其影响因子

土壤有机碳(SOC)的数量和质量在很大程度上与维持和提高土壤肥力密切相关。农田生态系统土壤碳库研究一直是农业、生态和环境领域的一个主要方向。土地利用、耕作、作物类型、种植密度、灌溉、施肥以及其他人为活动等,对农田生态系统土壤有机碳库的变化均能产生影响。本文综合评述了农田生态系统土壤有机碳库及其影响因子,土壤碳截获潜力,维持和提高土壤有机碳库的措施,以及农田土壤碳截获在温室气体减排及气候变化中的潜在作用等,最后提出了农田生态系统土壤有机碳库研究的主要方向。

中国的褐褶菌属(担子菌门,非褶菌目)的研究(英文)

对中国褐褶菌属Gloeophyllum的种类进行了研究,并记录了此属中10个种。其中喜干褐褶菌Gloeophyllumprotractum是中国的新记录种,发现于黑龙江和四川省的针叶树倒木上。根据中国的材料详细描述了此种,并列出褐褶菌属的检索表。

湘西多金属矿区汞铅污染土壤的环境质量

以湘西典型多金属矿区为现场,研究了矿区土壤中汞、铅等重金属污染状况及成因.结果表明,湘西矿区是汞、铅污染严重的区域,与中国土壤元素背景值相比,汞矿区土壤中汞、铅含量分别增加1315倍和3.1倍,铅锌矿区土壤中汞、铅含量分别增加14.8倍和16.1倍.运用Muller地积指数进行风险评价,证实湘西矿区是汞、铅等重金属的复合污染区,汞矿区汞污染以极重污染为主,铅污染以中度和轻污染为主;铅锌矿区铅污染以中度和中-重污染为主,汞污染以中-重污染为主.矿区土壤中的重金属污染物来源和分布受原生地球化学条件的控制,而人为采矿活动对矿区土壤中汞、铅的污染格局产生重要影响.

Relationship between charge transfer energies of Yb3+ and Sm3+ and crystal environmental factor

Relationship between charge transfer energies E-CT of Yb3+ and Sm3+ and environmental factors h(e) in various crystals was investigated using a dielectric chemical bond method. Both results show that they have an exponential relation E-CT = A+B exp(-kh(e)), but the exponential factors are different, which indicates that the interaction between the rare earth ions and environment is connected with the kind of rare earth ion. This result provides a method of determining charge transfer energies of Yb3+ and Sm3+ from a crystal structure.

Novel proton exchange membranes based on water resistant sulfonated poly[bis(benzimidazobenzisoquinolinones)]

Novel water resistant sulfonated poly[bis(benzimidazobenzisoquinolinones)] (SPBIBIs) were synthesized from 6,6'-disulfonic-4,4'-binaphthy]-1,1',8,8'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (SBTDA) and various aromatic ether tetraamines. The resulting polymers with IEC in the range of 2.17-2.87 mequiv g(-1) have a combination of desired properties such as high solubility in common organic solvents, film-forming ability, and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Flexible and tough membranes, obtained by casting from m-cresol solution, had tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus values in the range of 87.6-98.4 MPa, 35.8-52.8%, and 0.94-1.07 GPa. SPBIBI membranes with a high degree of sulfonation displayed high proton conductivity and a good resistance to water swelling as well. SPBIBI-b with IEC of 2.80 mequiv g(-1) displayed the conductivity of 1.74 x 10(-1) S cm(-1) at 100 degrees C, which was comparable to that of Nafion (R) 117 (1.78 x 10(-1) S cm(-1), at 100 degrees C).

Investigations on the adsorption behavior of Neutral Red on mercaptoethane sulfonate protected gold nanoparticles

A detailed investigation on the adsorption behavior of Neutral Red (NR) molecules on mercaptoethane sulfonate-monolayer protected gold clusters (MES-MPCs) has been conducted by the spectroscopic method. It is found that cationic NR molecules are adsorbed on the negatively charged MPCs surfaces via electrostatic attractive forces. The absorption study shows that the optical properties of NR molecules are significantly influenced upon the adsorption. Based on the electrostatic adsorption nature and the excellent stability of MES-MPCs against the electrolytes, this association can be released by the addition of electrolyte salts, which can be monitored by both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, dication Ca2+ is found to be more effective in the release of NR than univalent Na+. Moreover, the MES-MPCs exert energy transfer quenching of NR fluorescence by both static and dynamic quenching. However, static quenching seems to be the dominating quenching mechanism. Furthermore, this energy transfer quenching exhibits strong dependence of Au core size, and 5.0 nm MPCs show stronger ability in quenching the NR fluorescence than that of 2.7 nm MPCs.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-8Zn-8Al-4RE magnesium alloy

The Mg-8Zn-8Al-4RE (RE = mischmetal, mass%) magnesium alloy was prepared by using casting method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast alloy, solid solution alloy and aged alloy samples have been investigated. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometery and scanning electron microscope attached energy spectrometer were used to characterize the microstructure and phase composition for the alloy. Net shaped tau-Mg-32(Al,Zn)(49) phase was obtained at the grain boundary, and needle-like or blocky Al11RE3 phase disperses in grain boundary and alpha-Mg matrix. The tau-Mg-32(Al,Zn)(49) phase disappeared during solution treatment and a new phase of Al(2)CeZn2 formed during subsequent age treatment. The mechanical properties were performed by universal testing machine at room temperature, 150 degrees C and 200 degrees C, separately. The ultimate tensile strength of as-cast alloy is lower compared to an age treatment alloy at 200 degrees C for 12h. The strengths decreased with enhancing test temperature, but elongation has not been effect by age treatment.