Examining the possibilty of multiplication and breeding of (Schizothorav [sic] zarudnyi) in order to restoration of regional aquatics reservations of Hamoon Lake and taking its advantag [sic] for aquaculture

Schizothorax zarudnvi, is an endemic fish of east country waters. (Triple lagoons of Hamoon and relevant water resources) that in the world it is reported in this resource specially. This fish named Hamoon mahi is one of the most economically valuable species in this region. Because of the recent years droughts, Hamoon logoon has been drive since 2000. Also, semi-wells (a semi natural resource) were affected drastically by recent drought years and their volume reduced to nearly one third of their real volume and resulted in changing at growth and reproduction physiology process in Schizothorax zanidnyi, brood stocks. Beginning of this project was done from October 2003. It's field studies begun (brood catching) since November 2001 by two methods including entangling gairs and at semi wells of Sistan that (Beach seine) had maximum rate of preparing qualified brood stocks. Broods transferred to Cyprinidea reproduction work shop of Zahak and after taking primary measures they stored in to the edaphic pools. Increasing the success safety factor (coefficient) for artificial reproduction of Sthizothorax zarudnyi , identifying the appropriate tune for Hormonal acceptance (physiological preparation of broods) is needed , so this important work was done regularly by histological studies and GSI measurements since November. Highest GSI rates of females (%80.51) and highest IV stage abundance of sexual maturity (%l 00) were observed an march. On the base of this date, Hormone therapy was done on broods on march. The used hormones are as follows Hypophysis. extraction, GnRHa and Anti Dopamin at the dozes of 3-6 ml, 20-30kg and 10-15 ml per kg body weight respectively and 2-3 times from 11-12-80 they were injected. Injected broods kept in to two circumstances, flow-through (rounded pool) and stagnant systems. In stagnant system 14 and 19 individuals of female and male (Schizothorax zauiulnri) broods, respectively injected in 11th, 15111, 19th, and 24th of march 1380. Non of the injected broods in 11 and 15 and 19th march (in stagnant Condition) answered to Hormone therapy. After final injection broods had general less activity and a few of them died. Mean temperature of brood pond waters (daily) which were injected. Fluctuated between 10-25-13. 63°c but injected broods on 24th march had different characteristics. They had pale color and had few fecundity. In this stage of injection they hadn't any successful vulation. After injection, Mean daily water temperature was 15, 88-17, 54°c. In Flowing system, 13-16 individual of males and females respectively were injected on 15th, 19th, 22th and 23th march. None of injected producers on 15th and 19th march with mean daily water temperature of 10, 25-12°c were prepared for spawning but injected producers on 22nd an 23th march with mean daily water temperature of 13.5-1 rc responded about 75-100 percent. (Schizothorax zarudnyi) brood stocks were prepared for spawning after 353-428 hours/day from final injection. Diameter of obtained eggs (before fertilization) was between 1.9-2.3 min and of fertilized eggs was 3.8mm. Fertilized eggs of (Schizothorax zarudnyi) were hatched after 6-7 days with mean water temperature of 17.08°c. Mean length of on one day larvae was 9.47 mm. Larvae was 9.47 mm. Larvae adsorbed the whole yolk sac after , 5-6 days at 17- 1°c and were prepared for releasing in to edaphic pools. Because of the lack of necessary and complementary facilities in the region , they had to release them in to veniros and growing them for 8 days. At the end of 18th day , 35000 larvae (at first) released into an edaphic pond with a volume of 150m2. After growing them for one moth , mean length and weight of new hatched larvae was 29.41 mm and 1.12►r , respectively. With respect to results of this investigation , artificial reproduction of (Schizothorax zarudnyi) Can be possible at 14-17°C and flowing water with Hormonal treatment. It -s breeding has increased development than other cultural specious in the region. Due to high economical value of this specious in Sistan and ti-s specialization east waters of Iran and having high resistance and proper growth There is a need of it's development and reproduction and culture in fish culture fanns (edaphic ponds• two-purpose pools) at the region and country.

The basics of cage and pen culture

The article discusses the basics of cage and pen aquaculture. Factors to consider are: site selection; choice of nets, floats, frames, and anchors; and the choice of culture method.

云南东南部和西北部绿孔雀分布的调查

绿孔雀是国家I级重点保护鸟类. 在《Endangered Birds of the W orld-The ICBP Bird Red Data Book》(King, 1981)及《1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals》中均将其列为易危种. 在CITES中被列入附录2. 据文献记载:绿孔雀在中国分布于云南(郑作新, 1987)和西藏东南部(尹秉高等, 1993). 历史上云南东南部的开远、建水和文山县曾记载有绿孔雀分布(《云南通志》, 明隆庆六年, 1572). 现代著作中(彭燕章等, 1987; 郑宝责等, 1987; 张帆等, 1987; 杨岚, 1989, 1991; 文贤继等, 1995; 杨晓君, 1995)记录云南省东南部的蒙自、金平、绿春、河口、弥勒、建水、石屏等7个县有绿孔雀分布. 另据当地群众反映在滇西北迪庆州发现有绿孔雀. 作者于1995年4-6月、11-12月和1996年4-6月在以往对绿孔雀分布现状调查(文贤继等, 1995)的基础上, 对云南东南部和西北部绿孔雀的分布现状及保护情况又进行了调查, 本次调查对绿孔雀在上述地区的分布状况进行了核实, 为今后的生态生物学研究和保护工作提供了有关资料。

Observations on the biology of Nothobranchius guentheri (Pfeffer) (Cyprinodontidae), an annual fish from the coastal region of East Africa

Nothobranchius guntheri is found in seasonal pools and streams in the coastal region of Tanzania. A population recurring annually in a pond near Kilosa has been studied. Growth in length was rapid and maximum mean lengths were attained within 11-12 and 7-8 weeks of hatching by males and females respectively. Males grew larger and exhibited wider variation in length than females. N. guentheri shows clear sexual dichromatism. No significant inequality in the sex ratio was found. Females with ripe eggs were found 7-8 weeks after hatching. Spawning continued throughout adult life and fecundity increased markedly with increasing length. In laboratory aquaria, aggressiveness between adult males was noted and females were actively driven on to the substratum preparatory to spawning. The diet of the fish pond consisted chiefly of aquatic and terrestrial insects, of which midge larvae and pupae were the most common. N. guentheri is exploited by man in the aquarist trade and for the biological control of mosquitoes. An extended redescription of the species is appended which includes N. melanospilus (Pfeffer) as a synonym.

中国鸟类一新纪录——楔嘴鹩鹛

1990年夏、秋季在云南西北部贡山县独龙江地区考察时, 于11月12日在高黎贡山北段西坡(东经98°23′; 北纬27°44′)海拔2010m 的常绿阔叶次生原始林的林下沟谷中网获一鸟, 经鉴定, 确认为楔嘴鹩鹛 Sphenocichla humei (Mandelli) 据文献记载, 楔嘴鹩鹛分布局限于锡金、阿萨姆和缅甸东北部. 此次所获标本, 第第一次发现其在中国分布, 为国内鸟类种的新纪录。

Homogeneous pinhole free 1 nm Al2O3 tunnel barriers on graphene

We report on the topographical and electrical characterisations of 1 nm thick Al2O3 dielectric films on graphene. The Al 2O3 is grown by sputtering a 0.6 nm Al layer on graphene and subsequentially oxidizing it in an O2 atmosphere. The Al 2O3 layer presents no pinholes and is homogeneous enough to act as a tunnel barrier. A resistance-area product in the mega-ohm micrometer-square range is found. Comparatively, the growth of Al 2O3 by evaporation does not lead to well-wetted films on graphene. Application of this high quality sputtered tunnel barrier to efficient spin injection in graphene is discussed. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

白鱀豚“功能性灭绝”背后的思考

<正>2006年11月～12月由中国科学院水生生物研究所、农业部长江渔业资源管理委员会和瑞士白暨豚保护基金会组织了一次"长江淡水豚类考察",对自宜昌至上海的长江中下游江段进行了为期38天的往返搜索。2007年8月8日《生物学快报》发表了此次考察的结论性报告,正式宣布此次考察没有发现白暨豚,认为白暨豚在长江中"可能即将灭绝"("likely to be extinct")。这一消息

从XY雌鱼雌核发育产生YY超雄黄颡鱼

采用激素性逆转结合雌核发育技术,从XY雌鱼产生YY超雄黄颡鱼。与性逆转和后代测交选种技术比较,本文的方法可以缩短两代的育种时间,并提高超雄鱼的产出。通过测交证明,与正常的XY雄鱼一样,YY超雄黄颡鱼是能成活和有生育力的,其后代雄鱼占75.9%—100%,平均90.30%。从29尾雌鱼产生的雌核发育的后代294尾,只有11尾雄鱼,绝大多数是雌鱼;而在12尾YY超雄鱼测交的后代出现0—24.1%雌鱼。从上述结果可以推测,黄颡鱼的性决定体制是雌性配子同型(XX♀/XY♂),但常染色体性修饰基因的影响是比较明显的