Targeting burn prevention in the paediatric population : a prospective study of children's burns in the Lausanne area.

QUESTION UNDER STUDY: Domestic accidents are an important problem in paediatric medicine. This study was designed to gain a better understanding of burn mechanisms and target prevention. METHODS: Children treated for burn lesions in the Department of Paediatric Surgery between August 2004 and August 2005 were included in this prospective study. The burn mechanisms, the children's ages and the circumstances in which children were burned as well as their home environment variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The current study included eighty-nine patients, aged between 2 months and 15 years. Seventy-eight percent were less than 5 years old. More than half were boys. Hot liquid scalding was the most frequent mechanism. There does not seem to be an increased risk in the immigrant population or in low economic status families. In most cases, an adult person was present at time of injury. CONCLUSIONS: If we were to describe the highest "at risk" candidate for a burn in our region, it would be a boy aged 15 months to 5 years who is burned by a cup of hot liquid on his hand, at home, around mealtime, in the presence of one or both parents. Reduced attention in the safe domestic setting is probably responsible.

Blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol targets for prevention of recurrent strokes and cognitive decline in the hypertensive patient: design of the European Society of Hypertension-Chinese Hypertension League Stroke in Hypertension Optimal Treatment randomized trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The SBP values to be achieved by antihypertensive therapy in order to maximize reduction of cardiovascular outcomes are unknown; neither is it clear whether in patients with a previous cardiovascular event, the optimal values are lower than in the low-to-moderate risk hypertensive patients, or a more cautious blood pressure (BP) reduction should be obtained. Because of the uncertainty whether 'the lower the better' or the 'J-curve' hypothesis is correct, the European Society of Hypertension and the Chinese Hypertension League have promoted a randomized trial comparing antihypertensive treatment strategies aiming at three different SBP targets in hypertensive patients with a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack. As the optimal level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is also unknown in these patients, LDL-C-lowering has been included in the design. PROTOCOL DESIGN: The European Society of Hypertension-Chinese Hypertension League Stroke in Hypertension Optimal Treatment trial is a prospective multinational, randomized trial with a 3 × 2 factorial design comparing: three different SBP targets (1, <145-135; 2, <135-125; 3, <125 mmHg); two different LDL-C targets (target A, 2.8-1.8; target B, <1.8 mmol/l). The trial is to be conducted on 7500 patients aged at least 65 years (2500 in Europe, 5000 in China) with hypertension and a stroke or transient ischaemic attack 1-6 months before randomization. Antihypertensive and statin treatments will be initiated or modified using suitable registered agents chosen by the investigators, in order to maintain patients within the randomized SBP and LDL-C windows. All patients will be followed up every 3 months for BP and every 6 months for LDL-C. Ambulatory BP will be measured yearly. OUTCOMES: Primary outcome is time to stroke (fatal and non-fatal). Important secondary outcomes are: time to first major cardiovascular event; cognitive decline (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and dementia. All major outcomes will be adjudicated by committees blind to randomized allocation. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board has open access to data and can recommend trial interruption for safety. SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION: It has been calculated that 925 patients would reach the primary outcome after a mean 4-year follow-up, and this should provide at least 80% power to detect a 25% stroke difference between SBP targets and a 20% difference between LDL-C targets.

Suomenmaan kartta Karta öfver Stor-furstendömet Finland med stöd af de tillförlitligaste karta verk och officiella väga-uppgifter, meddelande af samteliga länestyrelserne i landet, äfvensom andra bidrag författad af Berndt Ad. Lindeman

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 119 x 67 cm, kansi 26 x 18 cm

Karta öfver storfurstendömet Finland efter nya tillförlitliga källor och med särskildt begagnande af general stabens original-kartor utgiftven år 1860 af öfverste Georg Alfthan /

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 72,5 x 47,4 cm, lehti 83 x 58 cm

Geografisk och historisk karta öfver Finland till skolornes bruk 1858

1 kartta kahdessa osassa :, vär. ;, 53,3 x 44,1 cm, lehti 59 x 48 cm

Savolax lähn : Sysmä, Hardola, Hirvensalmi, St Michels, Jockas, Sulkava, Menduharju, Christina, Pumala socknar och capeller

1 kartta : käsinpiirros, vär. ; 56,5 x 103 cm. Kuvailu kääntöpuolelta. Mittakaava laskettu janamittakaavasta. Kankaalle liimattu.

Charta öfver Österbotten och Caianebo[r]gs län

1 kartta : käsinpiirros, vär. ; 54 x 43,5 cm, lehti 59,5 x 47 cm. Mittakaavaa ei määritelty. Pahville liimattu.

Charta öfwer en del af Tawastland samt Heinola capell i Savolax och Itis sockn i Kymmenegårds lähner

1 kartta : käsinpiirros, vär. ; 56 x 98 cm.

Kartor och beskrifningar öfver socknarne i Nylands län / upprättade å general landmäteri kontoret, lithografierade och utgifne till granskning och berigtigande år 1844.

1 kartasto ([35] s., [24] karttalehteä (7 taitettuina)) : 24 karttaa, vär. ; 56 cm

Geographisk charta öfver Helsingfors stad med dess närmäste belägenhet efter högvälborne Herr generalen och commend: Ehrnsvärlds befallning år 1763

Kopia

Belägenheten af Helsingfors och Sveaborg

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Plan af Helsingfors jemte kartor öfver Finland, hufvudstadens omgifningar, Saima kanal och Helsingfors-Tavastehus jernväg samt tjugyfyra vyer

Kartat molemmin puolin lehteä

Karta öfver Helsingfors underlydande ägor belägna Helsinge socken och härad af Nylands län af C. Reuter 1869

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Karta öfver Åbo stad enligt gamla plan och nya regleringen år 1828

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