Report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2008

Report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2008

Mice carrying ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (Usp2) gene inactivation maintain normal sodium balance and blood pressure.

Ubiquitylation plays an important role in the control of Na⁺ homeostasis by the kidney. It is well established that the epithelial Na⁺ channel ENaC is regulated by the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-2, limiting ENaC cell surface expression and activity. Ubiquitylation can be reversed by the action of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). One such DUB, USP2-45, was identified previously as an aldosterone-induced protein in the kidney and is also a circadian output gene. In heterologous expression systems, USP2-45 binds to ENaC, deubiquitylates it, and enhances channel density and activity at the cell surface. Because the role of USP2-45 in renal Na⁺ transport had not been studied in vivo, we investigated here the effect of Usp2 gene inactivation in this process. We demonstrate first that USP2-45 protein has a rhythmic expression with a peak at ZT12. Usp2-KO mice did not show any differences from wild-type littermates with respect to the diurnal control of Na⁺ or K⁺ urinary excretion and plasma levels either on a standard diet or after acute and chronic changes to low- and high-Na⁺ diets, respectively. Moreover, they had similar aldosterone levels on either a low- or high-Na⁺ diet. Blood pressure measurements using telemetry did not reveal variations compared with control mice. Usp2-KO mice did not display alterations in expression of genes involved in sodium homeostasis or the ubiquitin system, as evidenced by transcriptome analysis in the kidney. Our data suggest that USP2 does not play a primary role in the control of Na⁺ balance or blood pressure.

Balance de la adopción internacional en España y perspectivas de futuro

El present Treball Fi de Carrera tracta de dur a terme un estudi sobre l'adopció internacional a Espanya. Per analitzar els aspectes d'aquesta figura ens centrarem primerament en la protecció del menor i el seu desenvolupament en el nostre ordenament a través de diverses normatives, tant estatals com convencionals. Únicament amb el desenvolupament de la protecció del menor, podem parlar de l'aparició de l'adopció internacional com a tal a Espanya. Investigarem amb quins materials jurídics comptava Espanya abans i després de la Llei 54/2007 d'adopció internacional, així com els aspectes històrics i demogràfics i les seves respectives causes i conseqüències. Així mateix, observarem el perfil de l'adoptant, així com el de l'adoptat quan arriba al nostre país.

Higher education and national identity : Polish student activism in Russia 1832-1863

Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki

The second law of thermodynamics and the global climate system : A review of the maximum entropy production principle

The long-term mean properties of the global climate system and those of turbulent fluid systems are reviewed from a thermodynamic viewpoint. Two general expressions are derived for a rate of entropy production due to thermal and viscous dissipation (turbulent dissipation) in a fluid system. It is shown with these expressions that maximum entropy production in the Earth s climate system suggested by Paltridge, as well as maximum transport properties of heat or momentum in a turbulent system suggested by Malkus and Busse, correspond to a state in which the rate of entropy production due to the turbulent dissipation is at a maximum. Entropy production due to absorption of solar radiation in the climate system is found to be irrelevant to the maximized properties associated with turbulence. The hypothesis of maximum entropy production also seems to be applicable to the planetary atmospheres of Mars and Titan and perhaps to mantle convection. Lorenz s conjecture on maximum generation of available potential energy is shown to be akin to this hypothesis with a few minor approximations. A possible mechanism by which turbulent fluid systems adjust themselves to the states of maximum entropy production is presented as a selffeedback mechanism for the generation of available potential energy. These results tend to support the hypothesis of maximum entropy production that underlies a wide variety of nonlinear fluid systems, including our planet as well as other planets and stars

Treasurer's Annual Report, June 30, 2000

In accordance with Iowa law, this report submitted to the State Treasury. This report discloses all cash receipts and disbursements for fiscal year and the final balance held in the treasury. In addition, you will find descriptions of various treasury activities. This information is a welcomed the opportunity to share this with you and hope it will help you understand the treasurer’s role in state government.

Treasurer's Annual Report, June 30, 2001

In accordance with Iowa law, this report submitted to the State Treasury. This report discloses all cash receipts and disbursements for fiscal year and the final balance held in the treasury. In addition, you will find descriptions of various treasury activities. This information is a welcomed the opportunity to share this with you and hope it will help you understand the treasurer’s role in state government.

Treasurer's Annual Report, June 30, 2002

In accordance with Iowa law, this report submitted to the State Treasury. This report discloses all cash receipts and disbursements for fiscal year and the final balance held in the treasury. In addition, you will find descriptions of various treasury activities. This information is a welcomed the opportunity to share this with you and hope it will help you understand the treasurer’s role in state government.

Treasurer's Annual Report, June 30, 2003

In accordance with Iowa law, this report submitted to the State Treasury. This report discloses all cash receipts and disbursements for fiscal year and the final balance held in the treasury. In addition, you will find descriptions of various treasury activities. This information is a welcomed the opportunity to share this with you and hope it will help you understand the treasurer’s role in state government.

Treasurer's Annual Report, June 30, 2004

In accordance with Iowa law, this report submitted to the State Treasury. This report discloses all cash receipts and disbursements for fiscal year and the final balance held in the treasury. In addition, you will find descriptions of various treasury activities. This information is a welcomed the opportunity to share this with you and hope it will help you understand the treasurer’s role in state government.

Treasurer's Annual Report, June 30, 2005

In accordance with Iowa law, this report submitted to the State Treasury. This report discloses all cash receipts and disbursements for fiscal year and the final balance held in the treasury. In addition, you will find descriptions of various treasury activities. This information is a welcomed the opportunity to share this with you and hope it will help you understand the treasurer’s role in state government.

Treasurer's Annual Report, June 30, 2006

In accordance with Iowa law, this report submitted to the State Treasury. This report discloses all cash receipts and disbursements for fiscal year and the final balance held in the treasury. In addition, you will find descriptions of various treasury activities. This information is a welcomed the opportunity to share this with you and hope it will help you understand the treasurer’s role in state government.